Photo of Debra Barran, Registered Psychotherapist in Vaughan, ON
Debra Barran
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Vaughan, ON L4K
****NOW ACCEPTING CLIENTS IN VAUGHAN/MISSISSAUGA AND PHONE/VIDEO**** "I am not what has happened to me; I am what I choose to become" -Carl Jung. If you are stuck in the “I wish things had been different” mode,” and feel like there is little hope for change in your life; therapy provides an avenue to be heard, to grieve, to discover acceptance, and create a new future right now, as we work together to formulate small but consistent steps in the present. I believe that each person is unique and brings individualized strengths and skills to forge new paths in their lives and in their relationships. Together, we can reach your goals.
****NOW ACCEPTING CLIENTS IN VAUGHAN/MISSISSAUGA AND PHONE/VIDEO**** "I am not what has happened to me; I am what I choose to become" -Carl Jung. If you are stuck in the “I wish things had been different” mode,” and feel like there is little hope for change in your life; therapy provides an avenue to be heard, to grieve, to discover acceptance, and create a new future right now, as we work together to formulate small but consistent steps in the present. I believe that each person is unique and brings individualized strengths and skills to forge new paths in their lives and in their relationships. Together, we can reach your goals.
(289) 512-2469 View (289) 512-2469
Photo of Building Bridges Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist in Vaughan, ON
Building Bridges Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, MSc, RP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Vaughan, ON L4K
***ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS: IN-PERSON & PHONE/VIDEO*** We believe that there is good in every person, and hope in every situation. We have helped individuals, couples, and families heal, grow, and connect. As relational therapists, we appreciate the impact that our relationships have on our well-being. We do not see clients as having something wrong with their minds that necessarily needs to be fixed. Rather, we see our clients as unique individuals, each with their own stories and perspectives, embedded in important relationships and contexts that impact them. We see strengths and we see hope, even when it feels like there is none.
***ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS: IN-PERSON & PHONE/VIDEO*** We believe that there is good in every person, and hope in every situation. We have helped individuals, couples, and families heal, grow, and connect. As relational therapists, we appreciate the impact that our relationships have on our well-being. We do not see clients as having something wrong with their minds that necessarily needs to be fixed. Rather, we see our clients as unique individuals, each with their own stories and perspectives, embedded in important relationships and contexts that impact them. We see strengths and we see hope, even when it feels like there is none.
(289) 207-6240 View (289) 207-6240
Photo of Victoria Huang, Registered Social Worker in Vaughan, ON
Victoria Huang
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Vaughan, ON L4K  (Online Only)
I always approach my clients in with an anti-oppressive, trauma-informed, harm reduction framework. What does that mean? It means that I will always ask "what happened to you?" instead of asking "what's wrong with you?". It also means that I will always respect you as the expert in your own life. Finally, it means that I believe that everyone does their very best to survive and thrive each day–even on the days that we can't see any hope. I am here to be with you, even through the darkest of days, and help you find inspiration and hope within yourself.
I always approach my clients in with an anti-oppressive, trauma-informed, harm reduction framework. What does that mean? It means that I will always ask "what happened to you?" instead of asking "what's wrong with you?". It also means that I will always respect you as the expert in your own life. Finally, it means that I believe that everyone does their very best to survive and thrive each day–even on the days that we can't see any hope. I am here to be with you, even through the darkest of days, and help you find inspiration and hope within yourself.
(289) 804-8384 View (289) 804-8384
Photo of Kaya Jokanathan, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Vaughan, ON
Kaya Jokanathan
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vaughan, ON L4K
I hold the belief that inherent goodness resides within every individual and that hope can be found in even the most challenging circumstances. Therapy offers a special opportunity to explore this goodness and hope. In my experience as a therapist, I have had the privilege of supporting and empowering individuals, couples, and families on their journey towards healing, growth, and connection. I approach all my clients with a deep appreciation for their unique identities, shaped by their personal narratives and perspectives. I am attuned to working with individual strengths while fostering a capacity of hope.
I hold the belief that inherent goodness resides within every individual and that hope can be found in even the most challenging circumstances. Therapy offers a special opportunity to explore this goodness and hope. In my experience as a therapist, I have had the privilege of supporting and empowering individuals, couples, and families on their journey towards healing, growth, and connection. I approach all my clients with a deep appreciation for their unique identities, shaped by their personal narratives and perspectives. I am attuned to working with individual strengths while fostering a capacity of hope.
(289) 768-9500 View (289) 768-9500
Photo of Samir Durrani, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Vaughan, ON
Samir Durrani
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vaughan, ON L4K
Reaching out for support can be difficult—I commend you for the courage to see what therapy can offer! As a person of colour and member of the LGBTQ+ communities, I have lived experience and special insight into what it’s like to navigate the unique challenges that come with intersectionality. I have a background in working with sexual health, resilience, wellbeing and challenges that uniquely affect intersecting persons of colour, gender and sexuality. I’m grateful to have supported many folx who went through a difficult time in their life, dealt with a mental health concern, or wanted to explore more about themselves.
Reaching out for support can be difficult—I commend you for the courage to see what therapy can offer! As a person of colour and member of the LGBTQ+ communities, I have lived experience and special insight into what it’s like to navigate the unique challenges that come with intersectionality. I have a background in working with sexual health, resilience, wellbeing and challenges that uniquely affect intersecting persons of colour, gender and sexuality. I’m grateful to have supported many folx who went through a difficult time in their life, dealt with a mental health concern, or wanted to explore more about themselves.
(289) 273-7908 View (289) 273-7908
Photo of Affordable Therapy Ontario, Registered Psychotherapist in Vaughan, ON
Affordable Therapy Ontario
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vaughan, ON L4K
Money should never be the reason you DON'T go to therapy. We never want money to be a barrier to accessing therapy. This is why Affordable Therapy Ontario (ATO) exists: to make therapy accessible for all! Created by Building Bridges Psychotherapy, we are a diverse team of licensed therapists providing high quality therapy to those who need it. We offer in-person services in Mississauga and Vaughan, with more locations to come. We also offer therapy over video and phone. We work with individuals, couples, and families. For a full list of all the issues and concerns we work with, check out our sister website: bbtherapy.ca/services.
Money should never be the reason you DON'T go to therapy. We never want money to be a barrier to accessing therapy. This is why Affordable Therapy Ontario (ATO) exists: to make therapy accessible for all! Created by Building Bridges Psychotherapy, we are a diverse team of licensed therapists providing high quality therapy to those who need it. We offer in-person services in Mississauga and Vaughan, with more locations to come. We also offer therapy over video and phone. We work with individuals, couples, and families. For a full list of all the issues and concerns we work with, check out our sister website: bbtherapy.ca/services.
(289) 301-8167 View (289) 301-8167
Photo of Kanwaljit Kaur, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Vaughan, ON
Kanwaljit Kaur
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vaughan, ON L4K
I believe that when we come to therapy, we have the potential to heal ourselves. We are the masters of our own paths in life. It’s the circumstances in our lives—such as our social environment and various other factors—which can prevent us from living up to our full potential. I believe that through therapy, these hidden potentials can be realized. As a therapist, I act as a facilitator to help my clients see what they already have inside of them, foster self-acceptance, and help them reach their life goals through discovery of the self and of one’s own strengths.
I believe that when we come to therapy, we have the potential to heal ourselves. We are the masters of our own paths in life. It’s the circumstances in our lives—such as our social environment and various other factors—which can prevent us from living up to our full potential. I believe that through therapy, these hidden potentials can be realized. As a therapist, I act as a facilitator to help my clients see what they already have inside of them, foster self-acceptance, and help them reach their life goals through discovery of the self and of one’s own strengths.
(289) 272-7325 View (289) 272-7325
Photo of Marian Shinuda, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Vaughan, ON
Marian Shinuda
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MDiv, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vaughan, ON L4K
I believe that people are much more understandable when you know their life journey. I believe in the power of human connection and the healing that this connection alone can bring about in therapy. My clients know that I am there rooting for them as they navigate difficult chapters: past, present, and future. This is why I am always honoured and excited to hear someone’s story. Looking at the different layers of your story will help us track where certain patterns and cycles have started. Together, we will work through the parts that need healing. We will move forward with this information to make positive changes in your life.
I believe that people are much more understandable when you know their life journey. I believe in the power of human connection and the healing that this connection alone can bring about in therapy. My clients know that I am there rooting for them as they navigate difficult chapters: past, present, and future. This is why I am always honoured and excited to hear someone’s story. Looking at the different layers of your story will help us track where certain patterns and cycles have started. Together, we will work through the parts that need healing. We will move forward with this information to make positive changes in your life.
(289) 536-4543 View (289) 536-4543
Photo of The Dot Canada, Registered Psychotherapist in Vaughan, ON
The Dot Canada
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
Vaughan, ON L6A  (Online Only)
It's not just you, life HAS gotten harder in the last few years. If you've been powering through, staying strong and carrying on, but now you're barely getting by and you're tired of feeling like you're not really living your life, it might be time for outside support. The benefit of therapy is that it's a time where you get to focus on yourself, to look at your life, and to get an outside perspective on how it could be different. You don't have to just endure, with the right support, you can heal from the past, and move forward towards a better future.
It's not just you, life HAS gotten harder in the last few years. If you've been powering through, staying strong and carrying on, but now you're barely getting by and you're tired of feeling like you're not really living your life, it might be time for outside support. The benefit of therapy is that it's a time where you get to focus on yourself, to look at your life, and to get an outside perspective on how it could be different. You don't have to just endure, with the right support, you can heal from the past, and move forward towards a better future.
(289) 204-2212 View (289) 204-2212
Photo of Building Bridges Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist in Vaughan, ON
Building Bridges Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Vaughan, ON L4K
We are a diverse team of over 40 licensed and experienced therapists! We believe that there is good in every person, and hope in every situation. We help individuals, couples, and families heal, grow, and connect. As relational therapists, we appreciate the impact that our relationships have on our well-being. We do not see clients as having something wrong with their heads that need to be fixed. Rather, we see our clients as unique individuals, each with their own stories and perspectives, embedded in important relationships and contexts that impact them. We see strengths and we see hope, even when it feels like there is none.
We are a diverse team of over 40 licensed and experienced therapists! We believe that there is good in every person, and hope in every situation. We help individuals, couples, and families heal, grow, and connect. As relational therapists, we appreciate the impact that our relationships have on our well-being. We do not see clients as having something wrong with their heads that need to be fixed. Rather, we see our clients as unique individuals, each with their own stories and perspectives, embedded in important relationships and contexts that impact them. We see strengths and we see hope, even when it feels like there is none.
(437) 747-5668 View (437) 747-5668
Photo of Jeffrey Ly | Porn Addiction Relationship in Vaughan, ON
Jeffrey Ly | Porn Addiction Relationship
AMFT, LPHA, MA
Verified Verified
Vaughan, ON L4J  (Online Only)
Pornography addiction can significantly impact your life and relationships but there is hope for recovery. I’m not just a mental health professional, I’ve been “you” for many years. I understand firsthand the personal struggles in your life and committed relationships that come with uncontrollable pornography use. The endless stream of attractive women a few clicks away on Pornhub, Onlyfan or Social Media is hard to quit even with all your willpower and promise to quit for the sake of your relationship
Pornography addiction can significantly impact your life and relationships but there is hope for recovery. I’m not just a mental health professional, I’ve been “you” for many years. I understand firsthand the personal struggles in your life and committed relationships that come with uncontrollable pornography use. The endless stream of attractive women a few clicks away on Pornhub, Onlyfan or Social Media is hard to quit even with all your willpower and promise to quit for the sake of your relationship
(437) 371-8936 View (437) 371-8936
Photo of Rakshanda Khan, Registered Psychotherapist in Vaughan, ON
Rakshanda Khan
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, DTATI, RP, RCAT
Verified Verified
Vaughan, ON L4K
As your therapist, I will cultivate a safe space for you in deeply unhappy, uncomfortable, or unfulfilled moments, to address all that challenges you. Together, we will navigate new ways for you to be able to thrive in your own resilience, creativity, and resourcefulness. We'll be collaborators in your healing process, and I'll maintain a flexible response to your changing needs. I believe that when you feel safe, heard, and at ease within an empathetic and understanding environment, you will be able to unburden your past suffering, and explore coping methods that work best for your present struggles.
As your therapist, I will cultivate a safe space for you in deeply unhappy, uncomfortable, or unfulfilled moments, to address all that challenges you. Together, we will navigate new ways for you to be able to thrive in your own resilience, creativity, and resourcefulness. We'll be collaborators in your healing process, and I'll maintain a flexible response to your changing needs. I believe that when you feel safe, heard, and at ease within an empathetic and understanding environment, you will be able to unburden your past suffering, and explore coping methods that work best for your present struggles.
(289) 809-8032 View (289) 809-8032
Photo of Erin Hatton, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Vaughan, ON
Erin Hatton
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vaughan, ON L4K  (Online Only)
My heart is for those who are overwhelmed, burnt out, stuck, struggling, and disconnected. Your story has made you who you are, but it doesn’t have to define your future. I believe you are the expert on your experience and my role is to help you find yourself again. During my years working with survivors of intimate partner violence, I developed a passion for supporting people through their personal journey of growth and healing. As a mother of four teens and young adults with ADHD and ASD, I am dedicated to helping individuals and families understand neurodiversity and learn to flourish.
My heart is for those who are overwhelmed, burnt out, stuck, struggling, and disconnected. Your story has made you who you are, but it doesn’t have to define your future. I believe you are the expert on your experience and my role is to help you find yourself again. During my years working with survivors of intimate partner violence, I developed a passion for supporting people through their personal journey of growth and healing. As a mother of four teens and young adults with ADHD and ASD, I am dedicated to helping individuals and families understand neurodiversity and learn to flourish.
(289) 278-8545 View (289) 278-8545

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Vivian Nho, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Vaughan, ON
Vivian Nho
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M2N
You have experienced life in a unique way that no one could understand better than you. I enjoy the challenge of understanding reality through the eyes of another. Whether you are struggling with depression, apathy, ADHD, chronic isolation, chronic cannabis use, anxiety, low self-esteem, grief, substance or behavioral addictions, complex trauma, your job (or lack thereof), narcissistic abuse, or existential angst, I am here to listen and support you in achieving your goals. I foster healing, empowerment, and growth through compassion, collaboration and insight. The rocky path to self-actualization does not have to be walked alone.
You have experienced life in a unique way that no one could understand better than you. I enjoy the challenge of understanding reality through the eyes of another. Whether you are struggling with depression, apathy, ADHD, chronic isolation, chronic cannabis use, anxiety, low self-esteem, grief, substance or behavioral addictions, complex trauma, your job (or lack thereof), narcissistic abuse, or existential angst, I am here to listen and support you in achieving your goals. I foster healing, empowerment, and growth through compassion, collaboration and insight. The rocky path to self-actualization does not have to be walked alone.
(647) 694-8130 View (647) 694-8130
Photo of Vanessa Robertson, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Vaughan, ON
Vanessa Robertson
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BSc, MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M2M
You’re wondering if it ever gets any easier. You might be overwhelmed, experiencing the grief or loss of a person or a relationship. You may struggle with boundaries in your personal and work life. Challenging parental relationships, family conflict and estrangement and can leave you wondering who you really are. What if we could move at your pace to uncover root causes of your current pain and return to wholeness? Having begun my own healing journey in therapy years ago, I appreciate what it feels like to be heard and understood.
You’re wondering if it ever gets any easier. You might be overwhelmed, experiencing the grief or loss of a person or a relationship. You may struggle with boundaries in your personal and work life. Challenging parental relationships, family conflict and estrangement and can leave you wondering who you really are. What if we could move at your pace to uncover root causes of your current pain and return to wholeness? Having begun my own healing journey in therapy years ago, I appreciate what it feels like to be heard and understood.
(249) 444-0512 View (249) 444-0512
Photo of Karl Hardy, Registered Psychotherapist in Vaughan, ON
Karl Hardy
Registered Psychotherapist, MPS, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6B  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with post-secondary students, professors, arts and cultural creators, political activists, as well as anyone seeking culturally-sensitive and spiritually-integrated psychotherapy. I am experienced providing psychotherapy and spiritual care at many area hospitals including the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and the University Health Network. I believe we must recognize that intersectional social and cultural factors influence our daily lives and impact our mental health. I seek to empower clients and support them in claiming their own power to grow and heal.
I specialize in working with post-secondary students, professors, arts and cultural creators, political activists, as well as anyone seeking culturally-sensitive and spiritually-integrated psychotherapy. I am experienced providing psychotherapy and spiritual care at many area hospitals including the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and the University Health Network. I believe we must recognize that intersectional social and cultural factors influence our daily lives and impact our mental health. I seek to empower clients and support them in claiming their own power to grow and heal.
(437) 747-6425 View (437) 747-6425
Photo of Brooke Growden, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Vaughan, ON
Brooke Growden
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MEd, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North York, ON M3J  (Online Only)
Post-secondary students often face a myriad of challenges as they navigate a demanding academic environment while also managing personal growth and transitions. You may be struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem concerns, or any other mental health challenges that may arise during your studies. Psychotherapy provides a safe and confidential space for you to explore your thoughts and feelings, develop coping strategies, and gain insights. If you are a university student seeking support, please don't hesitate to reach out for a free consultation.
Post-secondary students often face a myriad of challenges as they navigate a demanding academic environment while also managing personal growth and transitions. You may be struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem concerns, or any other mental health challenges that may arise during your studies. Psychotherapy provides a safe and confidential space for you to explore your thoughts and feelings, develop coping strategies, and gain insights. If you are a university student seeking support, please don't hesitate to reach out for a free consultation.
(226) 799-9001 View (226) 799-9001
Photo of Grafted Branches, Pre-Licensed Professional in Vaughan, ON
Grafted Branches
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M2M
Families created through adoption, fostering and donor-assisted reproduction and blended families have unique histories and experiences which differ from families created through birth alone. All have experienced losses and the trauma of broken birth bonds. These experiences can provoke conscious or unconscious feelings such as grief, anger and shame which have significant impacts on self-value, behaviours, relationships and intimacy. If you are a part of such a family, accessing & understanding your experience & grieving your losses, are necessary before personal change and deeper interpersonal connections can be made.
Families created through adoption, fostering and donor-assisted reproduction and blended families have unique histories and experiences which differ from families created through birth alone. All have experienced losses and the trauma of broken birth bonds. These experiences can provoke conscious or unconscious feelings such as grief, anger and shame which have significant impacts on self-value, behaviours, relationships and intimacy. If you are a part of such a family, accessing & understanding your experience & grieving your losses, are necessary before personal change and deeper interpersonal connections can be made.
(343) 306-4460 View (343) 306-4460
Photo of Dr. Krystina Patton, Registered Psychotherapist in Vaughan, ON
Dr. Krystina Patton
Registered Psychotherapist, ND, RP
Verified Verified
Vaughn, ON L6A
What's your "normal"? Has "just getting by" become a way of life? As we struggle with the stresses of past and present, living takes a back seat to surviving. We all have a survivor within us - a part that carries us through the bad times and holds us together when we feel like falling apart. It's a brilliant survival strategy. And an unhappy way to live. But what if it doesn’t have to be that way? What if there’s more to life than just surviving? What if there’s hope? From getting back to normal, to redefining the boundaries of normal - there is a better way. A way to stop surviving and start thriving.
What's your "normal"? Has "just getting by" become a way of life? As we struggle with the stresses of past and present, living takes a back seat to surviving. We all have a survivor within us - a part that carries us through the bad times and holds us together when we feel like falling apart. It's a brilliant survival strategy. And an unhappy way to live. But what if it doesn’t have to be that way? What if there’s more to life than just surviving? What if there’s hope? From getting back to normal, to redefining the boundaries of normal - there is a better way. A way to stop surviving and start thriving.
(647) 955-5256 View (647) 955-5256
Photo of Kiersty M. Xavier, Registered Psychotherapist in Vaughan, ON
Kiersty M. Xavier
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, MTS, RP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4P  (Online Only)
Ikarus Mind is a team of holistic & integrative therapists. As head psychotherapist, I provide insight therapy by uncovering root issues and connecting-the-dots. I draw attention to core identity, black & white thinking, limiting beliefs, and boundaries. My career started in the hospital supporting cancer & chronically ill patients for 8 yrs. These experiences were deeply life-changing. I love working with couples, professionals, survivors, the over-thinkers, the over-burdened, the heavy-hearted, those who dream big & those who wish to overcome. My favourite thing about being a therapist is discovering lightbulb moments together.
Ikarus Mind is a team of holistic & integrative therapists. As head psychotherapist, I provide insight therapy by uncovering root issues and connecting-the-dots. I draw attention to core identity, black & white thinking, limiting beliefs, and boundaries. My career started in the hospital supporting cancer & chronically ill patients for 8 yrs. These experiences were deeply life-changing. I love working with couples, professionals, survivors, the over-thinkers, the over-burdened, the heavy-hearted, those who dream big & those who wish to overcome. My favourite thing about being a therapist is discovering lightbulb moments together.
(437) 291-8735 View (437) 291-8735

See more therapy options for Vaughan

Attachment-based Counsellors

Is attachment-based therapy the same as attachment therapy?

Attachment-based therapy may be confused with what is called “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy”), a discredited and dangerous approach to treating children with attachment disorders, autism, or other mental health concerns. Attachment therapy—not attachment-based therapy—may involve restraining a child, forcing eye contact, and other coercive or abusive techniques. None of these practices are used in attachment-based therapy and the two modalities are in no way related.

What should I expect from attachment-based therapy?

Attachment-based therapy is based on attachment theory, which posits that children’s early relationships with their caregivers strongly influence their ability to navigate the world later in life. Thus, adults who seek attachment-based therapy should expect to deeply explore their childhood, identifying the dynamics or experiences that disrupted their attachment and the steps necessary to overcome challenges that arose as a result. Parents and children should expect to explore the possible factors that disrupted the parent-child relationship and work toward restoring trust and connection.

How long does attachment-based therapy last?

Certain forms of attachment-based therapy, especially those designed for parents and children, last for a set number of sessions; for example, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up, a specific attachment-based approach for young children who have undergone early adversity, unfolds over 10 one-hour sessions. When attachment-based therapy is practiced on adults or combined with other modalities, it may not last a specific length of time; clients may wish to ask prospective therapists how long they expect treatment to take.

Does attachment-based therapy work?

Most of the research on attachment-based therapy focuses on children and adolescents. Some of this research shows a positive effect, especially for attachment-based family therapy (ABFT). Other studies, however, have found that attachment-based therapy is no more effective than other approaches to childhood depression, anxiety, or suicidality. Less is known about the therapy’s efficacy on adult populations.