Photo of Savinna Frederiksen, Registered Social Worker in Hamilton, ON
Savinna Frederiksen
Registered Social Worker, CYW, BA/BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L8S
I am a Registered Social Worker with the OCSWSSW. I have 20 years plus experience working in the area of mental health and addiction working with individuals, couples and families with an extensive range of difficulties from depression, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, trauma to couples/family conflict. I currently hold a faculty appointment as an Assistant Clinical Professor (PT) at McMaster University. I am trained in Attachment-based Theory, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Processing Therapy.
I am a Registered Social Worker with the OCSWSSW. I have 20 years plus experience working in the area of mental health and addiction working with individuals, couples and families with an extensive range of difficulties from depression, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, trauma to couples/family conflict. I currently hold a faculty appointment as an Assistant Clinical Professor (PT) at McMaster University. I am trained in Attachment-based Theory, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Processing Therapy.
(365) 305-0071 View (365) 305-0071
Photo of Jane Savage, Registered Social Worker in Hamilton, ON
Jane Savage
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Hamilton, ON L9H  (Online Only)
Have you ever felt stuck? Do you ever think therapy is just not for me or think to yourself, is it worth it? Well, believe me, it is. One of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. My belief is that healing is a collaborative endeavor that requires honest caring without judgement.
Have you ever felt stuck? Do you ever think therapy is just not for me or think to yourself, is it worth it? Well, believe me, it is. One of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. My belief is that healing is a collaborative endeavor that requires honest caring without judgement.
(289) 273-8870 View (289) 273-8870
Photo of Sarah Downey, Registered Social Worker in Hamilton, ON
Sarah Downey
Registered Social Worker, BAH, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Hamilton, ON L8P  (Online Only)
My approach to counselling is strengths based, client centred and collaborative. That means working with you to figure out what’s working well, and how to do more of it. Feelings can often become overwhelming, I help people find balance and meaning. Through our work together, we will explore patterns of thoughts and behaviours which may be keeping you stuck, as well as ways of coping that aren’t helpful. I empower people to make connections between early life experiences and who they are today, moving towards change and building on their resilience.
My approach to counselling is strengths based, client centred and collaborative. That means working with you to figure out what’s working well, and how to do more of it. Feelings can often become overwhelming, I help people find balance and meaning. Through our work together, we will explore patterns of thoughts and behaviours which may be keeping you stuck, as well as ways of coping that aren’t helpful. I empower people to make connections between early life experiences and who they are today, moving towards change and building on their resilience.
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Photo of Speakeasy Counselling & Associates, Counsellor in Hamilton, ON
Speakeasy Counselling & Associates
Counsellor, MA, RCC, RTC, SEP
Verified Verified
Hamilton, ON L8N  (Online Only)
We are a team of clinicians that are trained to work with students, individuals, couples and families. That excel at helping you expand your emotional tolerance, reactions & communication skills. Too many of us suffer in silence with anxiety, low self-esteem, unprocessed trauma and anger. You are not alone and we are here to encourage you to let those experiences be felt in a safe & non-judgmental environment. We know how hard it can be for most people to do therapy & our goal is to make it engaging, insightful & rewarding. To be vulnerable means not having our deepest feelings and secrets shot down. We use an integrative approach.
We are a team of clinicians that are trained to work with students, individuals, couples and families. That excel at helping you expand your emotional tolerance, reactions & communication skills. Too many of us suffer in silence with anxiety, low self-esteem, unprocessed trauma and anger. You are not alone and we are here to encourage you to let those experiences be felt in a safe & non-judgmental environment. We know how hard it can be for most people to do therapy & our goal is to make it engaging, insightful & rewarding. To be vulnerable means not having our deepest feelings and secrets shot down. We use an integrative approach.
(226) 741-0112 View (226) 741-0112
Photo of Darbey Carlson, Registered Psychotherapist in Hamilton, ON
Darbey Carlson
Registered Psychotherapist, HBA, MSc, MACP
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L8N  (Online Only)
Accepting NEW Clients - Do you feel “stuck” in your day-to-day life or unsure how to move forward in a way that makes you feel fulfilled? Are you interested in learning more about how your childhood impacts you as an adult? Does it feel like your past experiences are weighing on you, and your sense of self is foggy or unclear? Are you interested in exploring different perspectives or figuring out who you’d like to move forward as? Together we can look at the steps that have brought you to this point, and increase self-awareness, emotional stability, and insight into your experiences.
Accepting NEW Clients - Do you feel “stuck” in your day-to-day life or unsure how to move forward in a way that makes you feel fulfilled? Are you interested in learning more about how your childhood impacts you as an adult? Does it feel like your past experiences are weighing on you, and your sense of self is foggy or unclear? Are you interested in exploring different perspectives or figuring out who you’d like to move forward as? Together we can look at the steps that have brought you to this point, and increase self-awareness, emotional stability, and insight into your experiences.
(289) 210-0867 View (289) 210-0867
Photo of First Step Men's Therapy, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Hamilton, ON
First Step Men's Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L8L  (Online Only)
Disconnected? Lost? Stuck? Hopeless? Feeling "broken"? Wondering what your purpose or meaning is in life? You may question whether you are a good father, son, or partner. Many men struggle with their mental health without seeking help or reaching out for support. Often, this struggle may lead to addiction, anxiety, depression, shame, guilt, poor relationships, OCD, low self-esteem, or low self-worth. It's time to normalize men seeking support. First Step Men's Therapy offers a safe, warm, and inviting space for men to heal, learn, and grow. Book a free 20-minute consultation - No waitlist - Click the "website" button to learn more.
Disconnected? Lost? Stuck? Hopeless? Feeling "broken"? Wondering what your purpose or meaning is in life? You may question whether you are a good father, son, or partner. Many men struggle with their mental health without seeking help or reaching out for support. Often, this struggle may lead to addiction, anxiety, depression, shame, guilt, poor relationships, OCD, low self-esteem, or low self-worth. It's time to normalize men seeking support. First Step Men's Therapy offers a safe, warm, and inviting space for men to heal, learn, and grow. Book a free 20-minute consultation - No waitlist - Click the "website" button to learn more.
(365) 364-0830 View (365) 364-0830
Photo of Nathan J Cooper And Associates, Psychologist in Hamilton, ON
Nathan J Cooper And Associates
Psychologist, CPsych
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L8L
Dr. Cooper and his associates, Joel Schramm, Maryam Rahat and Carlin Palme, offer care for individuals and couples dealing with concerns that are getting in the way of fully functioning both personally and socially. Common concerns include: anxiety, depression, substance use, procrastination, trauma, self-esteem, relationship conflict, career indecision, and many others. Maryam Rahat is focused on providing support to individuals in managing ADHD including associated issues of organization and behavioural addiction. Maryam is also fluent in Farsi and Arabic.
Dr. Cooper and his associates, Joel Schramm, Maryam Rahat and Carlin Palme, offer care for individuals and couples dealing with concerns that are getting in the way of fully functioning both personally and socially. Common concerns include: anxiety, depression, substance use, procrastination, trauma, self-esteem, relationship conflict, career indecision, and many others. Maryam Rahat is focused on providing support to individuals in managing ADHD including associated issues of organization and behavioural addiction. Maryam is also fluent in Farsi and Arabic.
(289) 768-7727 View (289) 768-7727
Photo of Acorn Counselling -Child Youth Family Therapy, Registered Social Worker in Hamilton, ON
Acorn Counselling -Child Youth Family Therapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, CYC-P
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L9C
Is your child or teen struggling with anxiety or depression? Feeling worried and overthinking seemingly ordinary situations, or feeling unmotivated and having a hard time getting involved in daily activities? We are here to help! If you’re noticing low self-esteem, poor confidence, trouble focusing, mood swings, or have concern for your or your young person’s mental health, we'd love to connect with you.
Is your child or teen struggling with anxiety or depression? Feeling worried and overthinking seemingly ordinary situations, or feeling unmotivated and having a hard time getting involved in daily activities? We are here to help! If you’re noticing low self-esteem, poor confidence, trouble focusing, mood swings, or have concern for your or your young person’s mental health, we'd love to connect with you.
(365) 400-8284 View (365) 400-8284
Photo of The Therapy Centre, Psychologist in Hamilton, ON
The Therapy Centre
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Hamilton, ON L9A
The Therapy Centre is a full service psychology practice. We offer services to children, teens, adults, couples, and families. We offer psychological and neuropsychological assessment and treatment services for a wide variety of issues listed below. All of our clinicians are well trained in empirically validated treatment models, including: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT), Relational Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and EMDR. Each of our clinicians has an area of expertise, such as: eating disorders, depression, anxiety, addictions, trauma, chronic pain, postpartum mood issues, and obsessive compulsive disorder. We tailor our treatment approach to suit the needs of each individual client.
The Therapy Centre is a full service psychology practice. We offer services to children, teens, adults, couples, and families. We offer psychological and neuropsychological assessment and treatment services for a wide variety of issues listed below. All of our clinicians are well trained in empirically validated treatment models, including: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT), Relational Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and EMDR. Each of our clinicians has an area of expertise, such as: eating disorders, depression, anxiety, addictions, trauma, chronic pain, postpartum mood issues, and obsessive compulsive disorder. We tailor our treatment approach to suit the needs of each individual client.
(289) 274-3157 View (289) 274-3157
Photo of Strength Counselling Services, Counsellor in Hamilton, ON
Strength Counselling Services
Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Hamilton, ON L8K  (Online Only)
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
(249) 202-2308 View (249) 202-2308
Photo of Pam Santon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hamilton, ON
Pam Santon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSW, RSW, RMFT
Verified Verified
Hamilton, ON L8S
Waitlist for new clients
I have worked with individuals, couples and families in private practice since 1983. Couples and families are a primary focus of mine including those struggling with issues of life transitions, mental health, sexuality, sexual compulsive disorders, substance and process addictions, as well as emotional and physical affairs. I am trained in systemic models of interventions that allow for a dual focus on the needs of the individual as well as those of the relationship. I am an Approved Supervisor with AAMFT which affords me the privilege of supervising psychotherapists and clinicians in the community interested in systemic models.
I have worked with individuals, couples and families in private practice since 1983. Couples and families are a primary focus of mine including those struggling with issues of life transitions, mental health, sexuality, sexual compulsive disorders, substance and process addictions, as well as emotional and physical affairs. I am trained in systemic models of interventions that allow for a dual focus on the needs of the individual as well as those of the relationship. I am an Approved Supervisor with AAMFT which affords me the privilege of supervising psychotherapists and clinicians in the community interested in systemic models.
(888) 372-0165 View (888) 372-0165
Photo of Sarah Warry, Drug & Alcohol Counsellor in Hamilton, ON
Sarah Warry
Drug & Alcohol Counsellor, ICADC, CCAC, MATS, CCTACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L9A  (Online Only)
I started counselling with two goals in mind: To help others improve their quality of life and help them become the best version of themself they can be. Having lived experience, I know firsthand what people are going through. I want to be one less professional someone goes to for help and leaves feeling stigmatized, unheard, or worse. I work with a trauma-informed approach and see my clients as individuals who are trying to cope with problems in their life and feel like they can’t without the use of alcohol or drugs. I’ve seen how recovery can create new beginnings and give people the life they want and deserve for themselves.
I started counselling with two goals in mind: To help others improve their quality of life and help them become the best version of themself they can be. Having lived experience, I know firsthand what people are going through. I want to be one less professional someone goes to for help and leaves feeling stigmatized, unheard, or worse. I work with a trauma-informed approach and see my clients as individuals who are trying to cope with problems in their life and feel like they can’t without the use of alcohol or drugs. I’ve seen how recovery can create new beginnings and give people the life they want and deserve for themselves.
(365) 675-5015 View (365) 675-5015
Photo of Glynnis McNeaney, Registered Social Worker in Hamilton, ON
Glynnis McNeaney
Registered Social Worker
Verified Verified
Hamilton, ON L0R
Can you imagine if therapy took place while hiking through the forest, sunbathing in a field of wildflowers, chilling with some chickens, sitting around a campfire or simply from the comfort of your kitchen table? I believe that therapy has a real image problem that could be improved by embracing a healing realm which includes mother nature, play and genuine human connection. If you are considering therapy for you or someone you care about, but the thought of sitting in an office turns you off, then let's connect where you're at, or where I'm at: on 25 aces in Hamilton's wild west Flamborough!
Can you imagine if therapy took place while hiking through the forest, sunbathing in a field of wildflowers, chilling with some chickens, sitting around a campfire or simply from the comfort of your kitchen table? I believe that therapy has a real image problem that could be improved by embracing a healing realm which includes mother nature, play and genuine human connection. If you are considering therapy for you or someone you care about, but the thought of sitting in an office turns you off, then let's connect where you're at, or where I'm at: on 25 aces in Hamilton's wild west Flamborough!
(289) 797-1310 View (289) 797-1310
Photo of Sophia Fernandes, Registered Social Worker in Hamilton, ON
Sophia Fernandes
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Hamilton, ON L8W
My approach to counselling is strengths based, person centred and collaborative. I help clients to optimize strengths, build resilience and cultivate growth.
My approach to counselling is strengths based, person centred and collaborative. I help clients to optimize strengths, build resilience and cultivate growth.
(289) 440-7890 View (289) 440-7890
Photo of Alisha Mann, Registered Psychotherapist in Hamilton, ON
Alisha Mann
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, EMDR, Intensi
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L8N
Now offering EMDR Intensives - Ms. Alisha Mann is a Registered Psychotherapist, with training in various therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Therapy (SFT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Alisha has a Master of Arts in Psychology and is a Registered Psychotherapist (RP) through the College of Registered Psychotherapists in Ontario (CRPO). She utilizes an open, respectful, and mindful approach when working with individuals from all walks of life. She speaks English, Hindi, and Punjabi fluently.
Now offering EMDR Intensives - Ms. Alisha Mann is a Registered Psychotherapist, with training in various therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Therapy (SFT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Alisha has a Master of Arts in Psychology and is a Registered Psychotherapist (RP) through the College of Registered Psychotherapists in Ontario (CRPO). She utilizes an open, respectful, and mindful approach when working with individuals from all walks of life. She speaks English, Hindi, and Punjabi fluently.
(289) 302-5713 View (289) 302-5713
Photo of Addictions Counsellor Agnes Kaufman, Registered Psychotherapist in Hamilton, ON
Addictions Counsellor Agnes Kaufman
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L9K  (Online Only)
Today, we live in a fast-paced, stressful world. The hardships of balancing our work, education and personal time becomes increasingly hard to achieve. Our responsibilities continue to grow and the world around us is becoming so demanding. Sometimes, to cope we use resources which may, in fact, be harmful to ourselves. Addictions are often felt as shameful and concealed from others. We are all vulnerable to making decisions that are not always in our best interest. I am not here to judge you, but rather provide useful tools which will help provide opportunities for making healthier choices.
Today, we live in a fast-paced, stressful world. The hardships of balancing our work, education and personal time becomes increasingly hard to achieve. Our responsibilities continue to grow and the world around us is becoming so demanding. Sometimes, to cope we use resources which may, in fact, be harmful to ourselves. Addictions are often felt as shameful and concealed from others. We are all vulnerable to making decisions that are not always in our best interest. I am not here to judge you, but rather provide useful tools which will help provide opportunities for making healthier choices.
(289) 210-5987 View (289) 210-5987
Photo of The Therapy Centre, Psychologist in Hamilton, ON
The Therapy Centre
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Hamilton, ON L9A
The Therapy Centre is a full service psychology practice. We offer services to children, teens, adults, couples, and families. We offer psychological and neuropsychological assessment and treatment services for a wide variety of issues listed below. All of our clinicians are well trained in empirically validated treatment models, including: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT), Relational Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and EMDR. Each of our clinicians has an area of expertise and tailors treatment to target therapeutic goals.
The Therapy Centre is a full service psychology practice. We offer services to children, teens, adults, couples, and families. We offer psychological and neuropsychological assessment and treatment services for a wide variety of issues listed below. All of our clinicians are well trained in empirically validated treatment models, including: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT), Relational Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and EMDR. Each of our clinicians has an area of expertise and tailors treatment to target therapeutic goals.
(289) 312-0104 View (289) 312-0104
Photo of First Step Men's Therapy, Registered Social Worker in Hamilton, ON
First Step Men's Therapy
Registered Social Worker, RSW, Hons BA, MACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L0R  (Online Only)
Finding a therapist can be overwhelming! The men I see feel stuck, lost, powerless, distracted, disconnected, or broken. Men often struggle with their mental health without seeking help for far too long. I work with men from all walks of life who struggle with managing ADHD and other neurodivergent challenges, career and life transitions, sports performance anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and addiction. In each of these instances, my aim is to help provide a safe, supportive, and therapeutic setting for you to learn more about yourself and find healing. Book a free 20-minute consultation by clicking the "website" button now.
Finding a therapist can be overwhelming! The men I see feel stuck, lost, powerless, distracted, disconnected, or broken. Men often struggle with their mental health without seeking help for far too long. I work with men from all walks of life who struggle with managing ADHD and other neurodivergent challenges, career and life transitions, sports performance anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and addiction. In each of these instances, my aim is to help provide a safe, supportive, and therapeutic setting for you to learn more about yourself and find healing. Book a free 20-minute consultation by clicking the "website" button now.
(289) 278-9425 View (289) 278-9425
Photo of Building Bridges Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist in Hamilton, ON
Building Bridges Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MSc, MA
Verified Verified
Hamilton, ON L9C
Accepting New Clients: In-Person & Phone/Video. We believe that there is good in every person, and hope in every situation. We have helped individuals, couples, and families heal, grow, and connect. As relational therapists, we appreciate the impact that our relationships have on our well-being. We do not see clients as having something wrong with their minds that necessarily needs to be fixed. Rather, we see our clients as unique individuals, each with their own stories and perspectives, embedded in important relationships and contexts that impact them. We see strengths and we see hope, even when it feels like there is none.
Accepting New Clients: In-Person & Phone/Video. We believe that there is good in every person, and hope in every situation. We have helped individuals, couples, and families heal, grow, and connect. As relational therapists, we appreciate the impact that our relationships have on our well-being. We do not see clients as having something wrong with their minds that necessarily needs to be fixed. Rather, we see our clients as unique individuals, each with their own stories and perspectives, embedded in important relationships and contexts that impact them. We see strengths and we see hope, even when it feels like there is none.
(226) 702-8590 View (226) 702-8590
Photo of Lorna Anderson, Registered Psychotherapist in Hamilton, ON
Lorna Anderson
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L8P  (Online Only)
***NOW ACCEPTING CLIENTS FOR PHONE/VIDEO*** It’s a privilege and honour to be doing this work, and to walk alongside clients on their respective healing journeys. I believe that everyone is the expert of their own lives and life experiences. By working collaboratively and through meaning-making, I aim to support clients in connecting with their needs, dreams, hopes, as well as to the answers I believe each person has inside them. My approach is trauma-informed, non-directive, strength-based, and client-centered. Healing, the discovery of possibilities, one’s resilience, and one's gifts can all be part of the therapy process.
***NOW ACCEPTING CLIENTS FOR PHONE/VIDEO*** It’s a privilege and honour to be doing this work, and to walk alongside clients on their respective healing journeys. I believe that everyone is the expert of their own lives and life experiences. By working collaboratively and through meaning-making, I aim to support clients in connecting with their needs, dreams, hopes, as well as to the answers I believe each person has inside them. My approach is trauma-informed, non-directive, strength-based, and client-centered. Healing, the discovery of possibilities, one’s resilience, and one's gifts can all be part of the therapy process.
(289) 272-7293 View (289) 272-7293

See more therapy options for Hamilton

Attachment-based Counsellors

Is attachment-based therapy the same as attachment therapy?

Attachment-based therapy may be confused with what is called “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy”), a discredited and dangerous approach to treating children with attachment disorders, autism, or other mental health concerns. Attachment therapy—not attachment-based therapy—may involve restraining a child, forcing eye contact, and other coercive or abusive techniques. None of these practices are used in attachment-based therapy and the two modalities are in no way related.

What should I expect from attachment-based therapy?

Attachment-based therapy is based on attachment theory, which posits that children’s early relationships with their caregivers strongly influence their ability to navigate the world later in life. Thus, adults who seek attachment-based therapy should expect to deeply explore their childhood, identifying the dynamics or experiences that disrupted their attachment and the steps necessary to overcome challenges that arose as a result. Parents and children should expect to explore the possible factors that disrupted the parent-child relationship and work toward restoring trust and connection.

How long does attachment-based therapy last?

Certain forms of attachment-based therapy, especially those designed for parents and children, last for a set number of sessions; for example, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up, a specific attachment-based approach for young children who have undergone early adversity, unfolds over 10 one-hour sessions. When attachment-based therapy is practiced on adults or combined with other modalities, it may not last a specific length of time; clients may wish to ask prospective therapists how long they expect treatment to take.

Does attachment-based therapy work?

Most of the research on attachment-based therapy focuses on children and adolescents. Some of this research shows a positive effect, especially for attachment-based family therapy (ABFT). Other studies, however, have found that attachment-based therapy is no more effective than other approaches to childhood depression, anxiety, or suicidality. Less is known about the therapy’s efficacy on adult populations.