Therapists in Toronto, ON

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Photo of Career Coaching Today in Toronto, ON
Career Coaching Today
BA , DIP CWC
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4P
My clients range in age and experience from young people seeking to enter the workforce to individuals in mid-life seeking a new career direction. I have extensive experience in helping individuals cope with work-related stressors and in developing strategies for maintaining a well-balanced lifestyle.
My clients range in age and experience from young people seeking to enter the workforce to individuals in mid-life seeking a new career direction. I have extensive experience in helping individuals cope with work-related stressors and in developing strategies for maintaining a well-balanced lifestyle.
(647) 360-6543 View (647) 360-6543
Photo of Bushra Ahmed, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Bushra Ahmed
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M9A  (Online Only)
I work with racialized, LGBTQ+, and immigrant communities, who are experiencing issues related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma related to their intersectional identities and experiences. I work well with individuals who are open to exploring their emotions and thoughts in a safe and non-judgmental space. They seek a therapeutic relationship where they can foster self-awareness, identify patterns of behavior that may no longer serve them, and cultivate healthier ways of relating to themselves and others. I encourage collaborative approaches with clients, and aid in facilitating their personal growth and empowerment.
I work with racialized, LGBTQ+, and immigrant communities, who are experiencing issues related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma related to their intersectional identities and experiences. I work well with individuals who are open to exploring their emotions and thoughts in a safe and non-judgmental space. They seek a therapeutic relationship where they can foster self-awareness, identify patterns of behavior that may no longer serve them, and cultivate healthier ways of relating to themselves and others. I encourage collaborative approaches with clients, and aid in facilitating their personal growth and empowerment.
(289) 301-4032 View (289) 301-4032
Photo of Matt-Trill Chambers, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Matt-Trill Chambers
Registered Psychotherapist, CYW, BA, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4W
Not accepting new clients
Your healing journey has already begun because you're here and I am looking forward to partnering with you to take the next step. A positive and beneficial therapeutic relationship requires rapport building and trust, which we will work on together while I support you in achieving your personal goals. My faith is important to me and I believe that we are constantly growing and learning as people. As a result, change is always possible. I am passionate about working with teens, young adults, and families, with a special focus on the Black community and other marginalized racial/ethnic groups.
Your healing journey has already begun because you're here and I am looking forward to partnering with you to take the next step. A positive and beneficial therapeutic relationship requires rapport building and trust, which we will work on together while I support you in achieving your personal goals. My faith is important to me and I believe that we are constantly growing and learning as people. As a result, change is always possible. I am passionate about working with teens, young adults, and families, with a special focus on the Black community and other marginalized racial/ethnic groups.
(437) 227-8431 View (437) 227-8431
Photo of Carruthers Counselling Ontario , Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Carruthers Counselling Ontario
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M2N  (Online Only)
I recognize that asking for help is never easy and I aim to create a welcoming and judgment free space so that we can work together towards your goals. Each session is tailored to what you want to focus on - there is no such thing as a problem too small. Counselling is a way to explore what we are experiencing in a new mindset - with my ultimate goal being to leave you feeling empowered. I have experience counselling over 1000 individuals which has allowed me to explore a vast range of topics.
I recognize that asking for help is never easy and I aim to create a welcoming and judgment free space so that we can work together towards your goals. Each session is tailored to what you want to focus on - there is no such thing as a problem too small. Counselling is a way to explore what we are experiencing in a new mindset - with my ultimate goal being to leave you feeling empowered. I have experience counselling over 1000 individuals which has allowed me to explore a vast range of topics.
(289) 273-8031 View (289) 273-8031
Photo of Nicole Penak, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Nicole Penak
Registered Social Worker, PhD, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4Y  (Online Only)
Hi I’m Nicole, Ive been a psychotherapist for over 15 years. It’s an honour to wade with people into the love & fear, pain & beauty, messy & magic of life. As a therapist with extensive experience within diverse communities & practice settings, I’ve supported folks like you, through life’s incredible joys & hardships. From self discovery, grief & loss, trauma, relationships, family conflict, social inequities, gender & sexuality, life transitions, depression, anxiety, illness. As well as supporting other therapists & community workers to care for themselves & others through their own therapy, or clinical supervision & consultation.
Hi I’m Nicole, Ive been a psychotherapist for over 15 years. It’s an honour to wade with people into the love & fear, pain & beauty, messy & magic of life. As a therapist with extensive experience within diverse communities & practice settings, I’ve supported folks like you, through life’s incredible joys & hardships. From self discovery, grief & loss, trauma, relationships, family conflict, social inequities, gender & sexuality, life transitions, depression, anxiety, illness. As well as supporting other therapists & community workers to care for themselves & others through their own therapy, or clinical supervision & consultation.
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Photo of Andi Yumansky, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Andi Yumansky
Registered Psychotherapist, MPS, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5E
Life can be messy. Therapy can be a way to navigate life’s most painful moments in a safe and supportive container. As a Relational Psychotherapist, I believe that it is the connections in our lives which foster growth and well-being. I help clients to deepen insight and self awareness, as well as identify obstacles to making change. Valuing the importance of the therapeutic relationship, I will create an environment which nurtures compassion and authentic being. I will honour the breadth of emotions in therapy and make room for whatever challenges arise.
Life can be messy. Therapy can be a way to navigate life’s most painful moments in a safe and supportive container. As a Relational Psychotherapist, I believe that it is the connections in our lives which foster growth and well-being. I help clients to deepen insight and self awareness, as well as identify obstacles to making change. Valuing the importance of the therapeutic relationship, I will create an environment which nurtures compassion and authentic being. I will honour the breadth of emotions in therapy and make room for whatever challenges arise.
(647) 952-6049 View (647) 952-6049
Photo of Momenta Clinic for Psychological Wellness, Psychologist in Toronto, ON
Momenta Clinic for Psychological Wellness
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5R
We are a team of compassionate psychologists and therapists who are deeply invested in helping the patients we work with. We collaborate with you towards meaningful change and personal insight. Our process involves identifying the barriers that are getting in the way of your wellness. We work together with you to help you feel better, but also function better in your personal life, relationships, school or work life. We are professionals with diverse backgrounds and embrace diversity in all of its forms. LGBTQ2S+ and BIPOC welcoming.
We are a team of compassionate psychologists and therapists who are deeply invested in helping the patients we work with. We collaborate with you towards meaningful change and personal insight. Our process involves identifying the barriers that are getting in the way of your wellness. We work together with you to help you feel better, but also function better in your personal life, relationships, school or work life. We are professionals with diverse backgrounds and embrace diversity in all of its forms. LGBTQ2S+ and BIPOC welcoming.
(365) 651-5540 View (365) 651-5540
Photo of David Zhang, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
David Zhang
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M1T  (Online Only)
So many therapists! Who would've thought finding the right one would feel this overwhelming?
So many therapists! Who would've thought finding the right one would feel this overwhelming?
(289) 206-6824 View (289) 206-6824
Photo of Becca Pearl, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Becca Pearl
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C  (Online Only)
I'm a relational psychotherapist and trauma specialist, supporting individuals and couples+ to cultivate safety and aliveness. We’re wired to seek them both - a sense of ease, security, and belonging - as well as adventure, freedom, and play. It’s no wonder we get stuck sometimes, when these needs are enticingly paradoxical. Whether working individually or as a couple+, enriching our intimacy and independence often involves tending to the influence of the past. I will be your co-conspirator as you unravel the habitual ways of being and relating that protected your heart in the times that were the most painful, lonely, and violent.
I'm a relational psychotherapist and trauma specialist, supporting individuals and couples+ to cultivate safety and aliveness. We’re wired to seek them both - a sense of ease, security, and belonging - as well as adventure, freedom, and play. It’s no wonder we get stuck sometimes, when these needs are enticingly paradoxical. Whether working individually or as a couple+, enriching our intimacy and independence often involves tending to the influence of the past. I will be your co-conspirator as you unravel the habitual ways of being and relating that protected your heart in the times that were the most painful, lonely, and violent.
(647) 695-2617 View (647) 695-2617
Photo of Dyanath Lawani Fournier, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Dyanath Lawani Fournier
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4K  (Online Only)
I see therapy as a journey within ourselves that helps us discover and balance our emotional life. We are constantly in relationship with ourselves and with others. However, different life events make us feel a variety of different emotions and we don't always control the impact they have on us. These emotions can throw our daily lives out of balance and upset our psyche. Consequently, we see ourselves losing control of our internal world, misaligning with our own values, and we lose the ability to control ourselves in the external world. As a result, we find ourselves anxious, lost, angry or with an inexplicable discomfort.
I see therapy as a journey within ourselves that helps us discover and balance our emotional life. We are constantly in relationship with ourselves and with others. However, different life events make us feel a variety of different emotions and we don't always control the impact they have on us. These emotions can throw our daily lives out of balance and upset our psyche. Consequently, we see ourselves losing control of our internal world, misaligning with our own values, and we lose the ability to control ourselves in the external world. As a result, we find ourselves anxious, lost, angry or with an inexplicable discomfort.
(437) 747-5844 View (437) 747-5844
Photo of Emily Crocker, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Emily Crocker
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5V  (Online Only)
Are you or your child struggling with racing thoughts, obsessive thinking and emotions that are all over the place? Do you wish you could experience some relief from anxiety, OCD, trauma and depression? I specialize in working with children and young adults who experience these challenges. I specialize in working with children and young adults who experience these challenges. I meet you where you’re at and help you grow from there by creating a non-judgemental, curious exploration of yourself and your experiences.
Are you or your child struggling with racing thoughts, obsessive thinking and emotions that are all over the place? Do you wish you could experience some relief from anxiety, OCD, trauma and depression? I specialize in working with children and young adults who experience these challenges. I specialize in working with children and young adults who experience these challenges. I meet you where you’re at and help you grow from there by creating a non-judgemental, curious exploration of yourself and your experiences.
(800) 661-8681 View (800) 661-8681
Photo of Farah Qamar, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Farah Qamar
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5R
I am a registered psychotherapist (RP) and my therapy is an invitation for you to work with me in a supportive, caring and non-judgmental environment so that you can connect at a deeper level with your true and authentic being. This, according to Rollo May, “always involves the search for our values and purposes” because without “values there would be only barren despair." I believe that principles of respect, care and knowing are of fundamental importance when we work to support someone who is trying to make a change, realize their abilities, and connect with their own uniqueness and individuality.
I am a registered psychotherapist (RP) and my therapy is an invitation for you to work with me in a supportive, caring and non-judgmental environment so that you can connect at a deeper level with your true and authentic being. This, according to Rollo May, “always involves the search for our values and purposes” because without “values there would be only barren despair." I believe that principles of respect, care and knowing are of fundamental importance when we work to support someone who is trying to make a change, realize their abilities, and connect with their own uniqueness and individuality.
(647) 372-2139 View (647) 372-2139
Photo of Asim Therapy (Online Practice), Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Asim Therapy (Online Practice)
Registered Psychotherapist, R P, MEd
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6J  (Online Only)
With extensive experience working with university and college students, emerging adults, members of marginalized communities, diverse newcomers, and coaching executives, I offer you a trained ear. Client issues include feeling stuck, mood issues, mind on overdrive, and managing transitions. Let us find ways to not only survive but also thrive in all areas of your life (school, career, community, family and so on). Clients can expect to develop acceptance, change behaviours, and use strengths to improve well-being.
With extensive experience working with university and college students, emerging adults, members of marginalized communities, diverse newcomers, and coaching executives, I offer you a trained ear. Client issues include feeling stuck, mood issues, mind on overdrive, and managing transitions. Let us find ways to not only survive but also thrive in all areas of your life (school, career, community, family and so on). Clients can expect to develop acceptance, change behaviours, and use strengths to improve well-being.
(647) 490-5831 View (647) 490-5831
Photo of Susan Tang, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Susan Tang
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4V  (Online Only)
Susan works with individuals from all walks of life who may embrace a range of mental health needs. She recognizes that each individual may need to seek therapy for a number of reasons, such as receiving support during tremendous transitions in life; to face and endure new challenges; or even to deal with the difficulties that one may encounter. Susan believes that every individual has the innate capacity to cope with the challenges that life offers, but it can be difficult to access these abilities from the experiences that each of us have had before.
Susan works with individuals from all walks of life who may embrace a range of mental health needs. She recognizes that each individual may need to seek therapy for a number of reasons, such as receiving support during tremendous transitions in life; to face and endure new challenges; or even to deal with the difficulties that one may encounter. Susan believes that every individual has the innate capacity to cope with the challenges that life offers, but it can be difficult to access these abilities from the experiences that each of us have had before.
(647) 494-5927 View (647) 494-5927
Photo of Leah Breslow, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Leah Breslow
Registered Psychotherapist, MPsyc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5S
In therapy with Leah, you will learn new skills and develop a stronger relationship with your thought-world and emotions so you can manage overwhelming emotions, tolerate stressful events and improve your relationships. You will develop a robust toolkit personalized to you, so you can move through life with more ease, confidence, and inner calm. Drawing from the principles and tools of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Leah will help you transform your inner landscape — including your emotions, perception of self, and thoughts — and the landscape around you — including your interpersonal relationships and your life’s circumstances.
In therapy with Leah, you will learn new skills and develop a stronger relationship with your thought-world and emotions so you can manage overwhelming emotions, tolerate stressful events and improve your relationships. You will develop a robust toolkit personalized to you, so you can move through life with more ease, confidence, and inner calm. Drawing from the principles and tools of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Leah will help you transform your inner landscape — including your emotions, perception of self, and thoughts — and the landscape around you — including your interpersonal relationships and your life’s circumstances.
(437) 747-4920 View (437) 747-4920
Photo of Kathryn (Kathy) V. Mosbaugh, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Kathryn (Kathy) V. Mosbaugh
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, AWCCA
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M2N  (Online Only)
I am a Registered Psychotherapist and an Abused Women and Children's Counsellor/Advocate. My practice embraces all ethnicities, diversities , and ages. Through talk therapy , non judgemental listening, providing opportunities for introspection and exploration of issues that may be causing pain, including the impact past traumas may be having in current day life, I foster my clients' self healing. I see my clients as their own teachers who, given the opportunity to be in an objective and safe space, can self-realize and develop the strengths they need , to thrive and move toward self-actualization.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist and an Abused Women and Children's Counsellor/Advocate. My practice embraces all ethnicities, diversities , and ages. Through talk therapy , non judgemental listening, providing opportunities for introspection and exploration of issues that may be causing pain, including the impact past traumas may be having in current day life, I foster my clients' self healing. I see my clients as their own teachers who, given the opportunity to be in an objective and safe space, can self-realize and develop the strengths they need , to thrive and move toward self-actualization.
(647) 931-4008 View (647) 931-4008
Photo of Sarah D. Colen, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Sarah D. Colen
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6G  (Online Only)
You must be exhausted; whether it be depression, anxiety, disordered eating, low self-worth, or anything else in between, being stuck in the cycle of "not good enough" can make anyone feel unsafe and unassured in their future. Through an anti-oppressive and healing-centered lens, I emphasize the importance of a supportive, open, and warm therapeutic space. Let's build the safety and security needed to make your healing happen.
You must be exhausted; whether it be depression, anxiety, disordered eating, low self-worth, or anything else in between, being stuck in the cycle of "not good enough" can make anyone feel unsafe and unassured in their future. Through an anti-oppressive and healing-centered lens, I emphasize the importance of a supportive, open, and warm therapeutic space. Let's build the safety and security needed to make your healing happen.
(437) 372-5369 View (437) 372-5369
Photo of Alanna Tinman, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Alanna Tinman
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M3H  (Online Only)
Burn out, life transitions, relationship challenges along with self worth, grief and loss are inevitable challenges we all face in life. My expertise is to help you navigate these concerns to find the core issues and begin to develop solutions and healthy coping skills to best manage these experiences.
Burn out, life transitions, relationship challenges along with self worth, grief and loss are inevitable challenges we all face in life. My expertise is to help you navigate these concerns to find the core issues and begin to develop solutions and healthy coping skills to best manage these experiences.
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Photo of Mohammad Barzegari , Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Mohammad Barzegari
Registered Psychotherapist, RP (Q), MA
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5E  (Online Only)
Are you frustrated with your INNER-VOICE? Do you feel lost in this world? Are you tired of not reaching your GOALS? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you’re in the right place. With over 10 years of education in psychology and 7 years of experience working as an international therapist, I’ve learned how our unconscious human mind can block our way and make us stuck. I can help you to change what is NOT working in your life. I design treatment plans based on your needs and use only scientific tools to ensure YOU get what you need out of therapy.
Are you frustrated with your INNER-VOICE? Do you feel lost in this world? Are you tired of not reaching your GOALS? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you’re in the right place. With over 10 years of education in psychology and 7 years of experience working as an international therapist, I’ve learned how our unconscious human mind can block our way and make us stuck. I can help you to change what is NOT working in your life. I design treatment plans based on your needs and use only scientific tools to ensure YOU get what you need out of therapy.
(289) 804-5862 View (289) 804-5862
Photo of Alexandra Canzonieri, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Alexandra Canzonieri
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4G
Has life been feeling overwhelming and out of your control? Do you think it's time to make a change from old patterns but feel stuck? The good news is that you've taken the first big step in looking for support. Using a warm, compassionate and collaborative approach, I work with clients to develop goals for change while targeting barriers that may be impeding in progress. My experience is with those who are struggling with difficult and conflicting emotions and coping with trauma, grief/loss, life transitions, ADHD and/or addiction. Together, we will laugh, cry, cuss and celebrate together, as we process each step along the way.
Has life been feeling overwhelming and out of your control? Do you think it's time to make a change from old patterns but feel stuck? The good news is that you've taken the first big step in looking for support. Using a warm, compassionate and collaborative approach, I work with clients to develop goals for change while targeting barriers that may be impeding in progress. My experience is with those who are struggling with difficult and conflicting emotions and coping with trauma, grief/loss, life transitions, ADHD and/or addiction. Together, we will laugh, cry, cuss and celebrate together, as we process each step along the way.
(647) 372-1032 View (647) 372-1032

See more therapy options for Toronto

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Toronto, ON

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Toronto, ON who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
84% Self Esteem
80% Stress
72% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% Green Shield Canada
61% SunLife
57% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Toronto, ON see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
16% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Toronto?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.