Anxiety Therapists in Belleville, ON

Photo of Sarah Angela Naomi Clarke, Registered Psychotherapist in Belleville, ON
Sarah Angela Naomi Clarke
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N
I am currently working out of We Thrive Wellness Centre in Belleville. I work with individuals experiencing anxiety and challenges in relationships at home, at work and those internal struggles within, struggles of 'who am I' and noticing repeating patterns that aren't serving anymore. One of my favourite quotes is from the Sufi mystic Hafiz, "I wish to show you, when you are lonely or in darkness, the astonishing light of your being." I generally have a rotating, 20-session space for two clients at a 'reduced rate'.
I am currently working out of We Thrive Wellness Centre in Belleville. I work with individuals experiencing anxiety and challenges in relationships at home, at work and those internal struggles within, struggles of 'who am I' and noticing repeating patterns that aren't serving anymore. One of my favourite quotes is from the Sufi mystic Hafiz, "I wish to show you, when you are lonely or in darkness, the astonishing light of your being." I generally have a rotating, 20-session space for two clients at a 'reduced rate'.
(343) 700-4393 View (343) 700-4393
Photo of Sonja N Hengeveld, Registered Psychotherapist in Belleville, ON
Sonja N Hengeveld
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N
If you have been feeling overwhelmed, anxious, hopeless or depressed please don't hesitate to reach out and schedule a phone consultation so we can discuss the next steps towards your health and wholeness.
It is my belief that there is a story behind everything we do. While we can't change the events and circumstances from our past, with support and understanding, we can often process through them in order to heal, learn, and grow. With this insight we are better equipped to make changes in our lives that can provide us with a renewed hope for our future.
If you have been feeling overwhelmed, anxious, hopeless or depressed please don't hesitate to reach out and schedule a phone consultation so we can discuss the next steps towards your health and wholeness.
It is my belief that there is a story behind everything we do. While we can't change the events and circumstances from our past, with support and understanding, we can often process through them in order to heal, learn, and grow. With this insight we are better equipped to make changes in our lives that can provide us with a renewed hope for our future.
(343) 429-5308 View (343) 429-5308
Photo of Dan Wood in Belleville, ON
Dan Wood
RP, BTh, MA, MB
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N
All my life I have worked to try and help ease people's suffering. Whether it be trauma, depression, or anxiety, it is my desire to help people live their best possible life. Helping people overcome these things that are preventing them from living a full life is what drives me. It's not just about overcoming mental illness but is about having mental wellness.
All my life I have worked to try and help ease people's suffering. Whether it be trauma, depression, or anxiety, it is my desire to help people live their best possible life. Helping people overcome these things that are preventing them from living a full life is what drives me. It's not just about overcoming mental illness but is about having mental wellness.
(343) 304-5618 View (343) 304-5618
Photo of Jessica Card, Counsellor in Belleville, ON
Jessica Card
Counsellor, MC, RCC
Verified Verified
Belleville, ON K8P  (Online Only)
I presently exclusively offer online sessions while working closely with a dedicated team at Strength Counselling Services. I'm dedicated to championing transformative change for those seeking a richer quality of life. Navigating life's challenges, be it with youth or adults, CNM relationships, family dynamics, or facing grief, trauma, anxiety, or depression, demands expertise. If you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or grappling with personal or relational difficulties, know that you're not alone. I bring empathy, understanding every journey's uniqueness. My approach is rooted in nonjudgmental, social justice, and equity principles.
I presently exclusively offer online sessions while working closely with a dedicated team at Strength Counselling Services. I'm dedicated to championing transformative change for those seeking a richer quality of life. Navigating life's challenges, be it with youth or adults, CNM relationships, family dynamics, or facing grief, trauma, anxiety, or depression, demands expertise. If you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or grappling with personal or relational difficulties, know that you're not alone. I bring empathy, understanding every journey's uniqueness. My approach is rooted in nonjudgmental, social justice, and equity principles.
(343) 305-5720 View (343) 305-5720
Photo of The Relationship Centre, Registered Social Worker in Belleville, ON
The Relationship Centre
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Belleville, ON K8P
Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Do you put your needs at the bottom of the list? Do you wonder if life should feel somehow better? Happier? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed and uncertain about how they are supposed to manage their relationships, careers and their lives. Pushing away your needs and not taking time for yourself can lead to long-term issues for your mind and body. Don't let this continue to be your story. Working with the right therapist can help. Let us help you!
Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Do you put your needs at the bottom of the list? Do you wonder if life should feel somehow better? Happier? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed and uncertain about how they are supposed to manage their relationships, careers and their lives. Pushing away your needs and not taking time for yourself can lead to long-term issues for your mind and body. Don't let this continue to be your story. Working with the right therapist can help. Let us help you!
(613) 707-3407 View (613) 707-3407
Photo of Patience Paradis, Psychological Associate (supervised practice) in Belleville, ON
Patience Paradis
Psychological Associate (supervised practice) , BScH, MPsy, RP, CPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N
C.Psych.Assoc (Supervised Practice) and Registed Psychotherapist. I am a unique therapeutic service dedicated to recovering what I believe is the essence of psychological treatment: holistic treatment of the entire person. We are not made of bits and pieces; we are not divided into sections and we deserve to feel whole. I work with adolescents, adults, and veterans/first responders. I have extensive experience working with depression, anxiety, PTSD, anger, & relationship/attachment issues, however, I can assist you with a variety of other struggles. I am also able to conduct assessments (e.g. VAC, WSIB, & some Psychoeducational).
C.Psych.Assoc (Supervised Practice) and Registed Psychotherapist. I am a unique therapeutic service dedicated to recovering what I believe is the essence of psychological treatment: holistic treatment of the entire person. We are not made of bits and pieces; we are not divided into sections and we deserve to feel whole. I work with adolescents, adults, and veterans/first responders. I have extensive experience working with depression, anxiety, PTSD, anger, & relationship/attachment issues, however, I can assist you with a variety of other struggles. I am also able to conduct assessments (e.g. VAC, WSIB, & some Psychoeducational).
(343) 800-5928 View (343) 800-5928
Photo of Donna Milton, Counselling Services, Registered Psychotherapist in Belleville, ON
Donna Milton, Counselling Services
Registered Psychotherapist, HSC, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8P
Are your finding it difficult to manage your anxiety due to past experiences? Do you find it hard to sleep at night or manage your daily routine? Our lives are full of stress, anxiety, anger and much more. Finding the root cause is important for our well being. I am a trauma-informed, RP in the Belleville, Kingston and Trenton area. I specialize in offering therapy to individuals who are struggling with trauma, domestic abuse, managing emotions, substance abuse, strained and couple relationships. Understanding the younger years offers and understanding of why certain behaviours or personalities affect you or cause emotional upset.
Are your finding it difficult to manage your anxiety due to past experiences? Do you find it hard to sleep at night or manage your daily routine? Our lives are full of stress, anxiety, anger and much more. Finding the root cause is important for our well being. I am a trauma-informed, RP in the Belleville, Kingston and Trenton area. I specialize in offering therapy to individuals who are struggling with trauma, domestic abuse, managing emotions, substance abuse, strained and couple relationships. Understanding the younger years offers and understanding of why certain behaviours or personalities affect you or cause emotional upset.
(343) 500-6264 View (343) 500-6264
Photo of Fabiola Garcia - Flores Counselling Services, Registered Social Worker in Belleville, ON
Fabiola Garcia - Flores Counselling Services
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8P  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
The journey to parenthood is an exciting and life changing experience. It can also be a stressful and uncertain time that might leave you feeling isolated, vulnerable, and overwhelmed. If you are a perinatal client struggling to cope, experiencing low mood, distressing thoughts, perinatal anxiety/depression, grief and loss, or feelings of isolation, therapy can help. I work with individuals and their partners to help them understand and process these experiences, gain new perspectives and parent in a way that feels genuine. I have 12 years experience supporting children, youth and families with mental health and parenting concerns.
The journey to parenthood is an exciting and life changing experience. It can also be a stressful and uncertain time that might leave you feeling isolated, vulnerable, and overwhelmed. If you are a perinatal client struggling to cope, experiencing low mood, distressing thoughts, perinatal anxiety/depression, grief and loss, or feelings of isolation, therapy can help. I work with individuals and their partners to help them understand and process these experiences, gain new perspectives and parent in a way that feels genuine. I have 12 years experience supporting children, youth and families with mental health and parenting concerns.
(613) 519-2877 View (613) 519-2877
Photo of Ineke Guadagnin, Registered Psychotherapist in Belleville, ON
Ineke Guadagnin
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, BA Ed, MACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N
I’m here for you. I know, life doesn't always work out as we had hoped. As a trauma-sensitive therapist, I provide a safe space to listen to concerns, make sense of feelings, and discover barriers to your progress. My focus is to help you explore, grow, and thrive as you become aware of your inner strength. My style is gentle, authentic, and attentive as I collaborate with you to engage your resiliency and move forward to where you want to be in your life. If you are struggling in a relationship, are grieving a loss, or have tried everything to find stability with anxiety or after a trauma, I encourage you to give me a call.
I’m here for you. I know, life doesn't always work out as we had hoped. As a trauma-sensitive therapist, I provide a safe space to listen to concerns, make sense of feelings, and discover barriers to your progress. My focus is to help you explore, grow, and thrive as you become aware of your inner strength. My style is gentle, authentic, and attentive as I collaborate with you to engage your resiliency and move forward to where you want to be in your life. If you are struggling in a relationship, are grieving a loss, or have tried everything to find stability with anxiety or after a trauma, I encourage you to give me a call.
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Photo of Amy Steiginga, Registered Psychotherapist in Belleville, ON
Amy Steiginga
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N
Psychotherapy with me is specifically personalized to fit you and what you need. Areas I can help you with include: Anxiety, Grief, Decision-Making, Life Transitions, Burnout, and Chronic Illness Management, like Type One Diabetes (I am a fellow T1D). Together, we will walk through your concerns, create space for you to be heard, and determine together what it is that you want out of therapy. We will work to meet those goals in an individualized way that best helps you.
Psychotherapy with me is specifically personalized to fit you and what you need. Areas I can help you with include: Anxiety, Grief, Decision-Making, Life Transitions, Burnout, and Chronic Illness Management, like Type One Diabetes (I am a fellow T1D). Together, we will walk through your concerns, create space for you to be heard, and determine together what it is that you want out of therapy. We will work to meet those goals in an individualized way that best helps you.
(343) 800-0090 View (343) 800-0090
Photo of Samantha Barink, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Belleville, ON
Samantha Barink
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, BASc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N
Areas of focus with children include childhood anxiety, anger issues, divorce, bullying/self-esteem, emotions, trauma, and parenting support.
I provide therapy for children 6+, teens, and adults through the psychotherapy clinic ReThink Me. Children can experience struggles both emotionally and behaviourally which can affect various aspects of their life and psychological development. I work with children to build trust, teach emotional regulation techniques, and explore anxiety/stress in language they understand. In addition, if you are an individual suffering with anxiety, low-self-esteem, relationship issues, or past/current trauma induced symptoms I would love to help you explore the benefits therapy could provide you.
Areas of focus with children include childhood anxiety, anger issues, divorce, bullying/self-esteem, emotions, trauma, and parenting support.
I provide therapy for children 6+, teens, and adults through the psychotherapy clinic ReThink Me. Children can experience struggles both emotionally and behaviourally which can affect various aspects of their life and psychological development. I work with children to build trust, teach emotional regulation techniques, and explore anxiety/stress in language they understand. In addition, if you are an individual suffering with anxiety, low-self-esteem, relationship issues, or past/current trauma induced symptoms I would love to help you explore the benefits therapy could provide you.
(343) 307-0651 View (343) 307-0651
Photo of Megan Colquhoun, Registered Social Worker in Belleville, ON
Megan Colquhoun
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, PMH-C, CT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N  (Online Only)
Something doesn’t feel right; maybe you feel lost, defeated, or overwhelmed. You know something needs to change, but you don’t know how or where to start. I can help. We will work together to create a safe, accepting and collaborative space for you to address concerns related to anxiety, low mood, postpartum mental health, parenting, loss of identity, relationship challenges, grief, insomnia or life stress.
Something doesn’t feel right; maybe you feel lost, defeated, or overwhelmed. You know something needs to change, but you don’t know how or where to start. I can help. We will work together to create a safe, accepting and collaborative space for you to address concerns related to anxiety, low mood, postpartum mental health, parenting, loss of identity, relationship challenges, grief, insomnia or life stress.
(249) 495-5507 View (249) 495-5507
Photo of Taylor Nelson, Registered Social Worker in Belleville, ON
Taylor Nelson
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, CPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N
Welcome! Are you a caregiver of a child who is struggling right now? Maybe you're worried about how your child or teen is managing at home or school? Perhaps your child has a history of hurt or hardship? I am a Registered Social Worker and Certified Play Therapist and I offer playful therapeutic support for children & youth.
Welcome! Are you a caregiver of a child who is struggling right now? Maybe you're worried about how your child or teen is managing at home or school? Perhaps your child has a history of hurt or hardship? I am a Registered Social Worker and Certified Play Therapist and I offer playful therapeutic support for children & youth.
(343) 453-1786 View (343) 453-1786
Photo of Elardo Therapy and Counselling Services, Registered Social Worker in Belleville, ON
Elardo Therapy and Counselling Services
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8P
My practice specializes in working with youth, couples, and families. I support clientele who need support with anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and self-esteem. Many of my clients are experiencing mental health struggles related to their life transitions such as divorce/separation, death of a loved one, and work-related challenges. I can provide you, and your partner, single sessions, brief therapy, and long-term psychotherapy. I offer my services through my office, at your home through Zoom (video therapy), or any location convenient for you. I will ensure that you feel comfortable with the process of starting therapy.
My practice specializes in working with youth, couples, and families. I support clientele who need support with anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and self-esteem. Many of my clients are experiencing mental health struggles related to their life transitions such as divorce/separation, death of a loved one, and work-related challenges. I can provide you, and your partner, single sessions, brief therapy, and long-term psychotherapy. I offer my services through my office, at your home through Zoom (video therapy), or any location convenient for you. I will ensure that you feel comfortable with the process of starting therapy.
(647) 691-6405 View (647) 691-6405
Photo of First Step Men's Therapy, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Belleville, ON
First Step Men's Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8P  (Online Only)
Our specializations include: addiction, grief, life transitions, alcohol use, divorce, parenting, trauma, PTSD, ADHD, anger management, sex therapy, anxiety, infidelity, depression, and men's issues.
Are you feeling disconnected to yourself, loved ones, or society? Do you question whether you are a good father, son, or partner? Do you feel angry, stuck, overwhelmed, powerless, guilty, or "not normal". Many men struggle with their mental health without seeking help or reaching out for support. Often, this struggle may lead to addiction, anxiety, depression, shame, guilt, suicidal ideation, poor relationships, grief, low self-esteem, or low self-worth. First Step Men's Therapy offers a safe, warm, and inviting space for men to heal, learn, and grow. Book a free consultation today by clicking the "Website" button to learn more.
Our specializations include: addiction, grief, life transitions, alcohol use, divorce, parenting, trauma, PTSD, ADHD, anger management, sex therapy, anxiety, infidelity, depression, and men's issues.
Are you feeling disconnected to yourself, loved ones, or society? Do you question whether you are a good father, son, or partner? Do you feel angry, stuck, overwhelmed, powerless, guilty, or "not normal". Many men struggle with their mental health without seeking help or reaching out for support. Often, this struggle may lead to addiction, anxiety, depression, shame, guilt, suicidal ideation, poor relationships, grief, low self-esteem, or low self-worth. First Step Men's Therapy offers a safe, warm, and inviting space for men to heal, learn, and grow. Book a free consultation today by clicking the "Website" button to learn more.
(289) 301-8375 View (289) 301-8375
Photo of Julie M Sweeney, Registered Social Service Worker in Belleville, ON
Julie M Sweeney
Registered Social Service Worker, RSSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N
We would be a good fit if you’re interested in taking action toward making space for new energy in your life in areas such as Disordered Eating, Body Image, Self Esteem, Self-Care, Anxiety, Depression, ADHD(no diagnosis required) or Religious Deconstruction.
I am a white, cis-gender woman with lived experience of mental health and body shame struggles. I work from a client-centred, anti-oppressive and social justice-oriented perspective specializing in supporting clients in finding freedom for themselves. I offer openness, honesty, and a willingness to be part of your journey in a way best suited to your needs. I enjoy helping people become aware, gain insight, and move into action to create lasting change! If your goal is to create your best life, and you are feeling held back - it is time to reach out! If your goal is to have accountability, I do that too. I help you help yourself!
We would be a good fit if you’re interested in taking action toward making space for new energy in your life in areas such as Disordered Eating, Body Image, Self Esteem, Self-Care, Anxiety, Depression, ADHD(no diagnosis required) or Religious Deconstruction.
I am a white, cis-gender woman with lived experience of mental health and body shame struggles. I work from a client-centred, anti-oppressive and social justice-oriented perspective specializing in supporting clients in finding freedom for themselves. I offer openness, honesty, and a willingness to be part of your journey in a way best suited to your needs. I enjoy helping people become aware, gain insight, and move into action to create lasting change! If your goal is to create your best life, and you are feeling held back - it is time to reach out! If your goal is to have accountability, I do that too. I help you help yourself!
(343) 308-1843 View (343) 308-1843
Photo of Laurene Isabel Winkler, Registered Psychotherapist in Belleville, ON
Laurene Isabel Winkler
Registered Psychotherapist, HBMus, BEd, SEP, ISP
Verified Verified
Belleville, ON K8N
When we are chronically stressed or face an overwhelming event, all our body systems are affected. This can result in symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, poor digestion, chronic pain, irritability, poor concentration and relationship difficulties. It radiates into every part of life. In partnership, we work toward new engagement and vitality through awareness between memory, sensation, and emotion. To become better, you have to feel better, releasing stress and trauma. As a somatic therapist, I bring 35 years of counselling to effectively identify and resolve personal and professional challenges. I offer supplemental online video counselling.
When we are chronically stressed or face an overwhelming event, all our body systems are affected. This can result in symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, poor digestion, chronic pain, irritability, poor concentration and relationship difficulties. It radiates into every part of life. In partnership, we work toward new engagement and vitality through awareness between memory, sensation, and emotion. To become better, you have to feel better, releasing stress and trauma. As a somatic therapist, I bring 35 years of counselling to effectively identify and resolve personal and professional challenges. I offer supplemental online video counselling.
(289) 272-9097 View (289) 272-9097
Photo of Stacey Dowling, Registered Psychotherapist in Belleville, ON
Stacey Dowling
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MA
Verified Verified
Belleville, ON K8N
My goal is to work with individuals as they navigate through their difficult times and strive to work collaboratively towards a better quality of life. I am a registered member of the College of Registered Psychotherapists and have a Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology. I am a certified EMDR practionier and am Accredited Cool Kids provider (anxiety treatment program for children and youth). My primary goal is to build a strong therapeutic rapport with each of my clients and ensure there is comfort in the vulnerability of sharing their story while working towards the goals of therapy.
My goal is to work with individuals as they navigate through their difficult times and strive to work collaboratively towards a better quality of life. I am a registered member of the College of Registered Psychotherapists and have a Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology. I am a certified EMDR practionier and am Accredited Cool Kids provider (anxiety treatment program for children and youth). My primary goal is to build a strong therapeutic rapport with each of my clients and ensure there is comfort in the vulnerability of sharing their story while working towards the goals of therapy.
(613) 777-7159 View (613) 777-7159
Photo of Paula Bell, Reg'd Psychotherapist/ social worker, Registered Social Worker in Belleville, ON
Paula Bell, Reg'd Psychotherapist/ social worker
Registered Social Worker, MACP, RP, RSW
Verified Verified
Belleville, ON K8N
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in PTSD and complex trauma, but also work with anxiety, depression, chronic pain or life stressors in general.
Reg'd Psychotherapist/ social worker with 20+ years of mental health training/experience. I offer psychotherapy for a range of issues including PTSD for both veterans and their spouses, complex trauma, anxiety and depression. A variety of strategies may be incorporated into treatment such as CBT, DBT, and EMDR or Emotion Focused Therapy strategies where applicable. LGBTQ friendly practice. Wait list 4-6 months.
I specialize in PTSD and complex trauma, but also work with anxiety, depression, chronic pain or life stressors in general.
Reg'd Psychotherapist/ social worker with 20+ years of mental health training/experience. I offer psychotherapy for a range of issues including PTSD for both veterans and their spouses, complex trauma, anxiety and depression. A variety of strategies may be incorporated into treatment such as CBT, DBT, and EMDR or Emotion Focused Therapy strategies where applicable. LGBTQ friendly practice. Wait list 4-6 months.
(613) 900-5879 View (613) 900-5879
Photo of Matt Eldridge & Associates, Registered Social Worker in Belleville, ON
Matt Eldridge & Associates
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N
I became a therapist because of my own personal experiences with depression, anxiety, and insomnia. I am able to offer a unique perspective of someone who has been both a patient, and a therapist. I specialize in working with issues related to depression, anxiety, relationships, and trauma.
I became a therapist because of my own personal experiences with depression, anxiety, and insomnia. I am able to offer a unique perspective of someone who has been both a patient, and a therapist. I specialize in working with issues related to depression, anxiety, relationships, and trauma.
(647) 930-5733 View (647) 930-5733

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Anxiety Counsellors

What are the most common treatments for anxiety?

Talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioural therapy, is the most common treatment for anxiety. Studies have shown it is equally effective as medication. Other forms of therapy are popular, depending on a patient’s experience. Exposure therapy, for instance, can be useful for people dealing with fears and phobias, or who have experienced traumatic events. Dialectical Behavioural Therapy may be useful for patients who need help with emotion regulation. Anxiolytic medications, like benzodiazepines, can also help with calming a person enough to focus on the skills they’ve learned, and physical exercise has been shown to help symptoms of anxiety across the board.

How long does therapy for anxiety take to work?

The amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms depends on the severity of a person’s condition. Some therapies may take 5-20 weekly sessions to show results. Anti-depressant medications typically take two to four weeks before a benefit is felt. Anti-anxiety medications are felt typically within 20-30 minutes. Medications are best used to offer a patient a better headspace in which to work on techniques learned in therapy. Exercise, improved sleep habits, and meditation are effective, but takes weeks or months to show results.

When should I seek treatment for anxiety?

Everyone feels anxious at times, but when anxiety causes disruption to your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Such disruption can be mental, physical, or both: having fear dominate your thoughts, avoiding situations or objects that bring on feelings of anxiety, or experiencing shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or panic attacks. When these symptoms are recurrent and distressing, it may be time to talk to someone.

How effective is treatment for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety has been shown to be moderately to highly effective, according to a large body of psychology studies and analyses. For some people, treatment using CBT or exposure therapy alone is effective. Others respond best to a combination of medication and therapy.