Therapists in Winnipeg, MB

Photo of Wendy Darlene Scheirich in Winnipeg, MB
Wendy Darlene Scheirich
MEd, CSSE, CSBW
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3C
I am a sex and intimacy counsellor and educator. My approach is sex positive and practical. I provide guidance to improve the sex and intimate life for those single or coupled, of all genders and sexual orientations. My therapeutic approach involves mindfulness, relaxation (CBT), pleasure orientation and somatic awareness. I offer teachings that bring attention to choice and desire, that gives voice to clarity around needs and requests and that centres the requirement of true consent in the sex and intimacy realm. I am a certified Somatic Sex Educator with a masters degree in Educational Leadership, a former nurse and social worker.
I am a sex and intimacy counsellor and educator. My approach is sex positive and practical. I provide guidance to improve the sex and intimate life for those single or coupled, of all genders and sexual orientations. My therapeutic approach involves mindfulness, relaxation (CBT), pleasure orientation and somatic awareness. I offer teachings that bring attention to choice and desire, that gives voice to clarity around needs and requests and that centres the requirement of true consent in the sex and intimacy realm. I am a certified Somatic Sex Educator with a masters degree in Educational Leadership, a former nurse and social worker.
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Photo of Josiah M. Mutua, Counsellor in Winnipeg, MB
Josiah M. Mutua
Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3G
Perhaps thoughts, memories, or feelings about a painful event make it difficult for you to experience satisfaction in your marriage or family or to excel in roles such as parenting or socializing, or cause you to do things you do not like. Perhaps a personal, relationship or vocational situation is causing you distress, or mental health condition such as stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, or addiction makes it difficult for you to pursue your aspirations. Or, perhaps, concerns about managing a situation, the outcome of significant events, or achieving meaningful goals make it difficult for you to fulfill important roles.
Perhaps thoughts, memories, or feelings about a painful event make it difficult for you to experience satisfaction in your marriage or family or to excel in roles such as parenting or socializing, or cause you to do things you do not like. Perhaps a personal, relationship or vocational situation is causing you distress, or mental health condition such as stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, or addiction makes it difficult for you to pursue your aspirations. Or, perhaps, concerns about managing a situation, the outcome of significant events, or achieving meaningful goals make it difficult for you to fulfill important roles.
(431) 831-2070 View (431) 831-2070
Photo of Angela G. Gentile, Registered Social Worker in Winnipeg, MB
Angela G. Gentile
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3Y
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in all issues related to people in midlife and late-life (ages 45-105). I have worked in health care, long-term care, and private practice for more than 25 years. Please contact me and we can discuss your concerns in a free 15-minute conversation. In-office, phone, virtual (video), and home visit appointments are available.
I specialize in all issues related to people in midlife and late-life (ages 45-105). I have worked in health care, long-term care, and private practice for more than 25 years. Please contact me and we can discuss your concerns in a free 15-minute conversation. In-office, phone, virtual (video), and home visit appointments are available.
(204) 819-0365 View (204) 819-0365
Photo of Justine McIntosh, Counsellor in Winnipeg, MB
Justine McIntosh
Counsellor, BA, MACP
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R2K
I have a passion for working with clients who are struggling with navigating life changes, life identifications issues and/or everyday disorders that may be effecting their lives. Being an athlete my entire life, I have a strong interest in working with athletes and all the problems that may arise within that career.
I have a passion for working with clients who are struggling with navigating life changes, life identifications issues and/or everyday disorders that may be effecting their lives. Being an athlete my entire life, I have a strong interest in working with athletes and all the problems that may arise within that career.
(204) 817-6842 View (204) 817-6842
Photo of Luella Jonk Consulting, Registered Psychotherapist in Winnipeg, MB
Luella Jonk Consulting
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, RP, IFMCP
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R2M
I specialize in helping individuals zoom out to see the true source of their stuckness and inability to attain goals. This 'not so obvious' barrier can manifest in many areas of your life; relationships, career goals, or attaining a healthy relationship with food. Life is certainly not all about being happy all of the time, but you should be waking up feeling an incredible sense of gratitude and contentment for the type of life you live now, but also feeling excited about what is yet to come. In simple terms, I coach individuals to go from good to great and have a special love for working with business owners and entrepreneurs.
I specialize in helping individuals zoom out to see the true source of their stuckness and inability to attain goals. This 'not so obvious' barrier can manifest in many areas of your life; relationships, career goals, or attaining a healthy relationship with food. Life is certainly not all about being happy all of the time, but you should be waking up feeling an incredible sense of gratitude and contentment for the type of life you live now, but also feeling excited about what is yet to come. In simple terms, I coach individuals to go from good to great and have a special love for working with business owners and entrepreneurs.
(431) 341-0384 View (431) 341-0384
Photo of Carrie Schwab, Counsellor in Winnipeg, MB
Carrie Schwab
Counsellor, MEd, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R2M
Teens are naturally wired to look for and try new things. Sometimes trying new things and searching for independence can be a step towards helping teens find purpose in their life. I have been working with adolescents, teens, adults, and families for over 20 years. I began my career working in schools with many neurodiverse students, supporting them and helping their families advocate for the services they needed and overcoming the barriers that often stand in their way. From here I moved to the role of a guidance counsellor where I found my passion helping many preteens and teens overcome obstacles in their lives.
Teens are naturally wired to look for and try new things. Sometimes trying new things and searching for independence can be a step towards helping teens find purpose in their life. I have been working with adolescents, teens, adults, and families for over 20 years. I began my career working in schools with many neurodiverse students, supporting them and helping their families advocate for the services they needed and overcoming the barriers that often stand in their way. From here I moved to the role of a guidance counsellor where I found my passion helping many preteens and teens overcome obstacles in their lives.
(204) 400-3449 View (204) 400-3449
Photo of Brittney Singh, Registered Social Worker in Winnipeg, MB
Brittney Singh
Registered Social Worker, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R2H
I believe that the quality of our relationships impacts the quality of our lives. We inherit things from our family of origins and have various things happen to us, but we can change our responses and focus on what we can control in our present day. We can recognize the experiences we are having and actively choose something different than what we know from past conditioning or patterns. If you are feeling stuck in some area of your life and want to explore that, I would be happy to hear from you.
I believe that the quality of our relationships impacts the quality of our lives. We inherit things from our family of origins and have various things happen to us, but we can change our responses and focus on what we can control in our present day. We can recognize the experiences we are having and actively choose something different than what we know from past conditioning or patterns. If you are feeling stuck in some area of your life and want to explore that, I would be happy to hear from you.
(204) 400-3025 View (204) 400-3025
Photo of Ciji Khan, Registered Social Worker in Winnipeg, MB
Ciji Khan
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MACP
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R2H
My ideal client would be anyone who needs help with sorting out any aspect of their life that they are struggling with. I am here to help anyone who needs my guidance and a safe space and person to talk to. A client can come to me talking about anxiety and self-esteem issues, one day, and then the next may have a traumatic event that occurs to them and they start talking about that, for me, that is completely acceptable and a part of life.
My ideal client would be anyone who needs help with sorting out any aspect of their life that they are struggling with. I am here to help anyone who needs my guidance and a safe space and person to talk to. A client can come to me talking about anxiety and self-esteem issues, one day, and then the next may have a traumatic event that occurs to them and they start talking about that, for me, that is completely acceptable and a part of life.
(204) 817-6825 View (204) 817-6825
Photo of Sabrina Hogan, Counsellor in Winnipeg, MB
Sabrina Hogan
Counsellor, CCC, MEd, BEd, BA
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3N  (Online Only)
Do you or your loved one struggle with anxiety, emotional ups and downs, relationship issues, or the impacts of trauma that affect day-to-day life? Do feelings of extreme exhaustion, overwhelm, and frustration overpower your ability to function the way you wish you could? Do you know deep down that your life could be better, but you need guidance on how to make that happen? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious and overwhelmed about the overall struggle of juggling many stressors in their lives while trying to move forward in a hopeful way that brings about positive change.
Do you or your loved one struggle with anxiety, emotional ups and downs, relationship issues, or the impacts of trauma that affect day-to-day life? Do feelings of extreme exhaustion, overwhelm, and frustration overpower your ability to function the way you wish you could? Do you know deep down that your life could be better, but you need guidance on how to make that happen? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious and overwhelmed about the overall struggle of juggling many stressors in their lives while trying to move forward in a hopeful way that brings about positive change.
(431) 341-3630 View (431) 341-3630
Photo of Lena Morina, Marriage & Family Therapist in Winnipeg, MB
Lena Morina
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3T
Not accepting new clients
It takes courage to take the first step in asking for help. We are constantly shifting and evolving and the process of change can be difficult if we feel unsupported. Therapy can be the place where you arrive as you are and work towards who you need to be.
It takes courage to take the first step in asking for help. We are constantly shifting and evolving and the process of change can be difficult if we feel unsupported. Therapy can be the place where you arrive as you are and work towards who you need to be.
(204) 400-3565 View (204) 400-3565
Photo of Heather Woodward, Registered Social Worker in Winnipeg, MB
Heather Woodward
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3G
Waitlist for new clients
Are you a working professional and tired of being tired (emotionally, mentally, physically, spiritually)? Do the words Burnout, Compassion Fatigue and/or Vicarious Trauma resonate with you? As a Helper for over 24+ years working front line in the social service profession, I too have felt tired and stuck. I have also experienced burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma. It has been through my own journey as Helper (social worker) that I have come to know, understand and believe that each and every one of us has a personal journey, life, and story. Each of our story’s matter.
Are you a working professional and tired of being tired (emotionally, mentally, physically, spiritually)? Do the words Burnout, Compassion Fatigue and/or Vicarious Trauma resonate with you? As a Helper for over 24+ years working front line in the social service profession, I too have felt tired and stuck. I have also experienced burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma. It has been through my own journey as Helper (social worker) that I have come to know, understand and believe that each and every one of us has a personal journey, life, and story. Each of our story’s matter.
(204) 262-1866 View (204) 262-1866
Photo of Hailey Zayik, Registered Social Worker in Winnipeg, MB
Hailey Zayik
Registered Social Worker, MSW , RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3N
Would you like to feel more comfortable with yourself? Are you, or you and your partner(s) finding yourselves stuck in a negative cycle of interaction? Are you hoping to revive the once had connection you experienced when you first met, but in turn are constantly fighting or experiencing mismatched sexual desires? From a sex positive framework, I work with individuals, couples and partnerships struggling with anxiety, relationship issues, communication challenges and sexual intimacy, to uncover obstacles that are blocking you from living more freely and authentically!
Would you like to feel more comfortable with yourself? Are you, or you and your partner(s) finding yourselves stuck in a negative cycle of interaction? Are you hoping to revive the once had connection you experienced when you first met, but in turn are constantly fighting or experiencing mismatched sexual desires? From a sex positive framework, I work with individuals, couples and partnerships struggling with anxiety, relationship issues, communication challenges and sexual intimacy, to uncover obstacles that are blocking you from living more freely and authentically!
(431) 306-1640 View (431) 306-1640
Photo of Lise Dupuis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Winnipeg, MB
Lise Dupuis
Marriage & Family Therapist, BA, MMFT, RMFT
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3C
The focus of my private practice is on healing unresolved trauma and on developing healthy relationships. The symptoms of unresolved trauma include PTSD, substance abuse, stress, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, OCD, etc... My training in trauma work started in 2007 and is based on the work and teachings of Peter Levine's Somatic Experiencing model. Whether you are going through a crisis or wanting to resolve a long-standing issue, therapy can help you gain some insight and can assist you in creating the life you want to live.
The focus of my private practice is on healing unresolved trauma and on developing healthy relationships. The symptoms of unresolved trauma include PTSD, substance abuse, stress, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, OCD, etc... My training in trauma work started in 2007 and is based on the work and teachings of Peter Levine's Somatic Experiencing model. Whether you are going through a crisis or wanting to resolve a long-standing issue, therapy can help you gain some insight and can assist you in creating the life you want to live.
(855) 226-6499 View (855) 226-6499
Photo of Sandra Wallace - Ocd Coach, Psychiatric Nurse in Winnipeg, MB
Sandra Wallace - Ocd Coach
Psychiatric Nurse, RPN
Not Verified Not Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3N  (Online Only)
Most of my clients struggle with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Anxiety and/or Depression. Often times, their day-to-day activities suffer due to the implications of these challenges. Their relationships, professional goals, and personal aspirations seem difficult to realize. Their primary goal is to live purposeful, happy lives alongside OCD, Depression, and/or Anxiety. They wish to manage the impact of these challenging mental health problems and feel empowered.
Most of my clients struggle with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Anxiety and/or Depression. Often times, their day-to-day activities suffer due to the implications of these challenges. Their relationships, professional goals, and personal aspirations seem difficult to realize. Their primary goal is to live purposeful, happy lives alongside OCD, Depression, and/or Anxiety. They wish to manage the impact of these challenging mental health problems and feel empowered.
(431) 400-9544 View (431) 400-9544
Photo of Cocoon Mental Health Clinic, Psychiatric Nurse in Winnipeg, MB
Cocoon Mental Health Clinic
Psychiatric Nurse, BscPN, RPN
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3N
Cocoon Mental Health Clinic is a new concept born from my genuine desire to help individuals twelve and up struggling with mental health issues. The assessment ability and relationship skills possessed by psychiatric nurses can fill gaps in the mental health landscape across Manitoba. We are providing a rapid assessment of client and family's needs, tailored system navigation, ongoing follow-up, and other supportive services to all youth in Manitoba regardless of where they live. We can help if you're frustrated by long waitlists or unsure of which services to access.
Cocoon Mental Health Clinic is a new concept born from my genuine desire to help individuals twelve and up struggling with mental health issues. The assessment ability and relationship skills possessed by psychiatric nurses can fill gaps in the mental health landscape across Manitoba. We are providing a rapid assessment of client and family's needs, tailored system navigation, ongoing follow-up, and other supportive services to all youth in Manitoba regardless of where they live. We can help if you're frustrated by long waitlists or unsure of which services to access.
(204) 817-1257 View (204) 817-1257
Photo of Roni Dhaliwal, Registered Social Worker in Winnipeg, MB
Roni Dhaliwal
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3Y
Truth, Healing & Reclaiming your identity, are goals I want you to achieve. The stories we tell ourselves influence how we: perform in relationships; view ourselves, & make sense of our experiences of the world around us. I use a narrative approach, which is effective in helping process topics such as: trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, addiction, depression, & family of origin challenges, amongst others. My experience has provided me an in-depth understanding of how social justice issues like: racism, gender discrimination sexual orientation, ability & such impact us. I want to carefully consider the impacts of each with you.
Truth, Healing & Reclaiming your identity, are goals I want you to achieve. The stories we tell ourselves influence how we: perform in relationships; view ourselves, & make sense of our experiences of the world around us. I use a narrative approach, which is effective in helping process topics such as: trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, addiction, depression, & family of origin challenges, amongst others. My experience has provided me an in-depth understanding of how social justice issues like: racism, gender discrimination sexual orientation, ability & such impact us. I want to carefully consider the impacts of each with you.
(204) 817-8671 View (204) 817-8671
Photo of Tara Magnus-Walker in Winnipeg, MB
Tara Magnus-Walker
MMFT, BN, RN, PN(dip)
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3G
I strongly believe that human beings are wired for connection, and that difficulties in relationships (and within people) are almost always the result of misconnection or disconnection. In my work as a therapist, I explore how communication and interaction between people can be improved in order to create or repair those connections. I am a relationship specialist who works with individuals, couples, families, and groups. I am a strong social justice advocate, and I provide a safe and nonjudgmental space in the therapy room.
I strongly believe that human beings are wired for connection, and that difficulties in relationships (and within people) are almost always the result of misconnection or disconnection. In my work as a therapist, I explore how communication and interaction between people can be improved in order to create or repair those connections. I am a relationship specialist who works with individuals, couples, families, and groups. I am a strong social justice advocate, and I provide a safe and nonjudgmental space in the therapy room.
(204) 229-7900 View (204) 229-7900
Photo of UDynamics Doug Amouzouvi in Winnipeg, MB
UDynamics Doug Amouzouvi
Bsc, BN, RN
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R2M
Life can be difficult and overwhelming even at the best of times. Reaching out for support can help bring clarity and meaning to your situation and provide you with the support you need during these times. I want you to live the satisfying and meaningful life you deserve free from guilt, shame, anxiety and depression. I view treatment holistically and through a trauma-informed lens. I use a strength based approach so that you understand you are valuable and have unique gifts and abilities to share with the world.
Life can be difficult and overwhelming even at the best of times. Reaching out for support can help bring clarity and meaning to your situation and provide you with the support you need during these times. I want you to live the satisfying and meaningful life you deserve free from guilt, shame, anxiety and depression. I view treatment holistically and through a trauma-informed lens. I use a strength based approach so that you understand you are valuable and have unique gifts and abilities to share with the world.
(431) 800-0773 View (431) 800-0773
Photo of Jaicee Chartrand, Counsellor in Winnipeg, MB
Jaicee Chartrand
Counsellor, RPC, CIAS-II
Verified Verified
Winnipeg, MB R3B
Now accepting new clients. The storm of life can be challenging. Our work together will be a collaborative process rooted in authenticity, understanding and acceptance. I am humbled to build genuine relationships with the people I work with and walk together into places of courage and healing. I welcome everyone with mental health goals to reach out.
Now accepting new clients. The storm of life can be challenging. Our work together will be a collaborative process rooted in authenticity, understanding and acceptance. I am humbled to build genuine relationships with the people I work with and walk together into places of courage and healing. I welcome everyone with mental health goals to reach out.
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Photo of Christine Holowick-Sparkes, Registered Social Worker in Winnipeg, MB
Christine Holowick-Sparkes
Registered Social Worker, MMFT, BSW/RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Winnipeg, MB R3C
We all experience difficult events in our lives. Some of these events happened a long time ago, and have influenced the way that we interact with ourselves and the world. Some of these events are more recent and throw us off the course we were on. We can become stuck in ways of being that are no longer helpful to us end up causing distress. I believe therapy can be a helpful way to process what has or is happening in our lives and encourage healthy adaptation and growth, so we can live our lives with more peace, happiness and connection.
We all experience difficult events in our lives. Some of these events happened a long time ago, and have influenced the way that we interact with ourselves and the world. Some of these events are more recent and throw us off the course we were on. We can become stuck in ways of being that are no longer helpful to us end up causing distress. I believe therapy can be a helpful way to process what has or is happening in our lives and encourage healthy adaptation and growth, so we can live our lives with more peace, happiness and connection.
(431) 531-5258 View (431) 531-5258

See more therapy options for Winnipeg

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Winnipeg, MB

500+

Average cost per session

$130

Counsellors in Winnipeg, MB who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
80% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
76% Coping Skills
72% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% Blue Cross
49% SunLife
44% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Winnipeg, MB see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Winnipeg?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.