Therapists in Burnaby, BC

Photo of Amelia Wu, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Amelia Wu
Counsellor, MEd, CCC
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5H
I'm specialized in supporting adolescents, adults, couples, and families with various mental health and relational issues such as PTSD, anxiety, depression, trauma, borderline personality, family relationships, self-development, career-related issues, anger management, cross cultural and generational conflicts, marriage issues, parent/teen conflict, etc.
I'm specialized in supporting adolescents, adults, couples, and families with various mental health and relational issues such as PTSD, anxiety, depression, trauma, borderline personality, family relationships, self-development, career-related issues, anger management, cross cultural and generational conflicts, marriage issues, parent/teen conflict, etc.
(604) 243-3455 View (604) 243-3455
Photo of Congruence Counselling, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Congruence Counselling
Counsellor, MEd, CCC
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5A
I like to work with adolescents, adults, and children from all walks of life so that they can be in a safe space to explore their inner worlds and make peace with who they are. Most of my clients are looking for ways to cope with life's hardships and addressing past traumas. Given the unjustness of the society we exist in, it's hard to know what to do with the anger and frustration that we harbour. I hope to be able to create a safe space so we can explore these feelings in an effective way so that you can learn how to advocate for yourself.
I like to work with adolescents, adults, and children from all walks of life so that they can be in a safe space to explore their inner worlds and make peace with who they are. Most of my clients are looking for ways to cope with life's hardships and addressing past traumas. Given the unjustness of the society we exist in, it's hard to know what to do with the anger and frustration that we harbour. I hope to be able to create a safe space so we can explore these feelings in an effective way so that you can learn how to advocate for yourself.
(867) 794-0674 View (867) 794-0674
Photo of Tammy Lee, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Tammy Lee
Counsellor, MEd, CCC, CVRP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Burnaby, BC V3N  (Online Only)
Are you looking for better solutions on how to deal with difficult emotions, limiting beliefs, challenges, or negative thoughts? With over 10 years of experience in the field of mental health and vocational rehabilitation, I offer effective strategies and assistance to clients with anxiety, stress, depressed mood, confidence issues, career counselling/vocational rehabilitation, and job-related concerns. My focus has been helping clients recognize what is important for them and their potential, how to develop practical action plans to achieve positive results in improving wellness and enhancing personal growth.
Are you looking for better solutions on how to deal with difficult emotions, limiting beliefs, challenges, or negative thoughts? With over 10 years of experience in the field of mental health and vocational rehabilitation, I offer effective strategies and assistance to clients with anxiety, stress, depressed mood, confidence issues, career counselling/vocational rehabilitation, and job-related concerns. My focus has been helping clients recognize what is important for them and their potential, how to develop practical action plans to achieve positive results in improving wellness and enhancing personal growth.
(581) 481-4530 View (581) 481-4530
Photo of Dr. Jim Roche, Psychologist in Burnaby, BC
Dr. Jim Roche
Psychologist, MA, PhD, CAGS, JD, RegPsyc
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5A
I provide psychological and psycho-educational assessment services for individuals with educational, emotional and cognitive disorders. This includes assessments for learning disorders, reading issues, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). I work with children, adolescents and adults. I provide treatment interventions for these individuals which are behavioural and CBT based. I have worked in the field for 35 years as a teacher, school psychologist, registered psychologist and provincial consultant for autism and behavioural issues in the schools.
I provide psychological and psycho-educational assessment services for individuals with educational, emotional and cognitive disorders. This includes assessments for learning disorders, reading issues, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). I work with children, adolescents and adults. I provide treatment interventions for these individuals which are behavioural and CBT based. I have worked in the field for 35 years as a teacher, school psychologist, registered psychologist and provincial consultant for autism and behavioural issues in the schools.
(226) 829-5331 View (226) 829-5331
Photo of Kali Polychronakos, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Kali Polychronakos
Counsellor, BSW, MCP, RCC
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5A
Hello, my name is Kali. One of my areas of expertise is supporting people who want to change their relationship with alcohol and other drugs, or who want to explore whether or not that change is necessary for them. I also support people struggling with issues such as low self-esteem, boundary setting, relationship challenges, depression, and anxiety.
Hello, my name is Kali. One of my areas of expertise is supporting people who want to change their relationship with alcohol and other drugs, or who want to explore whether or not that change is necessary for them. I also support people struggling with issues such as low self-esteem, boundary setting, relationship challenges, depression, and anxiety.
(249) 702-4715 View (249) 702-4715
Photo of Fangzhao Helena Hu, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Fangzhao Helena Hu
Counsellor, BBA, MC, RCC
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5H
I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor fluent in English and Mandarin and hold a master’s degree in counselling from City University of Seattle, Vancouver. I have been in the field of helping people for over a decade, and that’s where my passion is. I have specifically assisted divorced/separated families for over five years. I have a deep understanding of such a situation's dynamics, special needs, and difficulties and have my whole heart towards it. I also understand well about immigration families from my background. Although I spent my adulthood here, I have never forgotten my roots.
I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor fluent in English and Mandarin and hold a master’s degree in counselling from City University of Seattle, Vancouver. I have been in the field of helping people for over a decade, and that’s where my passion is. I have specifically assisted divorced/separated families for over five years. I have a deep understanding of such a situation's dynamics, special needs, and difficulties and have my whole heart towards it. I also understand well about immigration families from my background. Although I spent my adulthood here, I have never forgotten my roots.
(587) 805-0075 View (587) 805-0075
Photo of Timothy Lim, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Timothy Lim
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5C
I aim to create a warm and collaborative environment when interacting with people. Life can get overwhelming and we can all use a little bit of help sometimes. I hope I can provide a helping hand to help you get to where you would like or need to be in your life journey.
I aim to create a warm and collaborative environment when interacting with people. Life can get overwhelming and we can all use a little bit of help sometimes. I hope I can provide a helping hand to help you get to where you would like or need to be in your life journey.
(249) 496-3391 View (249) 496-3391
Photo of Barbara Pattison-Clay, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Barbara Pattison-Clay
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5H
Do you feel like you are repeating the same behaviours over and over? Stuck in the same cycle: sad, anxious, overwhelmed and unable to enjoy life? Do you feel caught in unhealthy ways of managing, feeling hopeless to create change? You are not alone. Whether you are embarking on a journey of personal growth, or seeking solutions to current challenges, counselling can help you explore what may be keeping you stuck. I strive to help clients find their strengths and develop a healthy way to navigate through life's challenges.
Do you feel like you are repeating the same behaviours over and over? Stuck in the same cycle: sad, anxious, overwhelmed and unable to enjoy life? Do you feel caught in unhealthy ways of managing, feeling hopeless to create change? You are not alone. Whether you are embarking on a journey of personal growth, or seeking solutions to current challenges, counselling can help you explore what may be keeping you stuck. I strive to help clients find their strengths and develop a healthy way to navigate through life's challenges.
(855) 982-1266 View (855) 982-1266
Photo of Kate Neale-Hughes, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Kate Neale-Hughes
Counsellor, BA, MC, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burnaby, BC V5A
Have you recently been experiencing anxiety or depression and need some support around that? I love working with my clients around exploring their boundaries and learning to establish, maintain, and reinforce their boundaries while respecting those of others. Have you given birth or expanded your family and are struggling to navigate all the new feelings, thoughts and experiences? Are you in or leaving an abusive relationship and need somewhere safe to share and explore? Perhaps you are experiencing grief or loss in your life currently and are needing some help navigating the complexity of emotions.
Have you recently been experiencing anxiety or depression and need some support around that? I love working with my clients around exploring their boundaries and learning to establish, maintain, and reinforce their boundaries while respecting those of others. Have you given birth or expanded your family and are struggling to navigate all the new feelings, thoughts and experiences? Are you in or leaving an abusive relationship and need somewhere safe to share and explore? Perhaps you are experiencing grief or loss in your life currently and are needing some help navigating the complexity of emotions.
(778) 770-5415 View (778) 770-5415
Photo of Jasmine Plywaczewski, Registered Social Worker in Burnaby, BC
Jasmine Plywaczewski
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW, RCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Burnaby, BC V3N  (Online Only)
Jasmine is a curious, open-hearted person who strives to understand what motivates, scares and fulfills each of her clients. She works from a belief that mental health and healing develop from within and that each client has the ability to access strengths and internal resources that at times may become obscured by many of life’s adversities. She believes that counselling is a personal process that is based upon a relationship of trust. Jasmine values the individuality of each client and over the last 12 years has worked with diverse populations to address concerns ranging from anxiety, depression, to relationship stressors.
Jasmine is a curious, open-hearted person who strives to understand what motivates, scares and fulfills each of her clients. She works from a belief that mental health and healing develop from within and that each client has the ability to access strengths and internal resources that at times may become obscured by many of life’s adversities. She believes that counselling is a personal process that is based upon a relationship of trust. Jasmine values the individuality of each client and over the last 12 years has worked with diverse populations to address concerns ranging from anxiety, depression, to relationship stressors.
(431) 441-1951 View (431) 441-1951
Photo of Mindful Counselling Therapy, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Mindful Counselling Therapy
Counsellor, MCP, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burnaby, BC V3N
My approach combines (evidence-based) EMDR, Nervous system regulation, Neuroscience, and Trauma Informed Mindfulness based strategies. Trauma can disempower and disconnect us from self and surroundings; trauma-informed healing practices can ultimately give you your power back. Psychotherapy is not about bulldozing through the resistance - It is about gently working around and through the edges. My practice focuses on symptoms of Anxiety, Panic Attacks, Depression and Trauma (acute & accumulated).
My approach combines (evidence-based) EMDR, Nervous system regulation, Neuroscience, and Trauma Informed Mindfulness based strategies. Trauma can disempower and disconnect us from self and surroundings; trauma-informed healing practices can ultimately give you your power back. Psychotherapy is not about bulldozing through the resistance - It is about gently working around and through the edges. My practice focuses on symptoms of Anxiety, Panic Attacks, Depression and Trauma (acute & accumulated).
(778) 860-7964 View (778) 860-7964
Photo of Jace Park, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Jace Park
Counsellor, RPC, Coach, MA
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5H
Let's make a beautiful world together! The real meaning of my own being does not exist without you. My existence is relying on you and my beautiful tomorrow is related to making relationships with you. I would like to support you emotionally, physically, spiritually, and mentally. You are the reason for my being. I would like to make a wonderful world with you.
Let's make a beautiful world together! The real meaning of my own being does not exist without you. My existence is relying on you and my beautiful tomorrow is related to making relationships with you. I would like to support you emotionally, physically, spiritually, and mentally. You are the reason for my being. I would like to make a wonderful world with you.
(587) 851-5689 View (587) 851-5689
Photo of Amrita Dhoot, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Amrita Dhoot
Counsellor, MCP, RCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Burnaby, BC V5A
Welcome! Do you come from a family with complex dynamics and feel like people don’t quite understand you? Have these experiences led to you being anxious, struggling to trust yourself or others? My unique understanding of these experiences allows me to hold space for those who feel unseen or unheard by people in their past or present life. I use EMDR, internal family systems, and somatic work that specialize in deepening people's understanding of themselves, leading them to rediscover or redefine their authentic selves. I am passionate about doing this work with older youth and adults who are new or have past therapy experience.
Welcome! Do you come from a family with complex dynamics and feel like people don’t quite understand you? Have these experiences led to you being anxious, struggling to trust yourself or others? My unique understanding of these experiences allows me to hold space for those who feel unseen or unheard by people in their past or present life. I use EMDR, internal family systems, and somatic work that specialize in deepening people's understanding of themselves, leading them to rediscover or redefine their authentic selves. I am passionate about doing this work with older youth and adults who are new or have past therapy experience.
(579) 679-1009 View (579) 679-1009
Photo of Saloni Sagar, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Saloni Sagar
Counsellor, RTC, ExAT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Burnaby, BC V5A  (Online Only)
Are seeking for a deeper connection with yourself and others? Do you feel lost in the busyness of today's fast paced world? Are you looking to slow down? To find out what your soul is craving for? Connection is healing. The capacity to share without judgement is nourishing to the heart. My approach to therapy is integrative; I use a combination of talk and expressive arts - this includes visual arts, creative writing, movement - or finding new ways of expression that might seem appropriate for you.
Are seeking for a deeper connection with yourself and others? Do you feel lost in the busyness of today's fast paced world? Are you looking to slow down? To find out what your soul is craving for? Connection is healing. The capacity to share without judgement is nourishing to the heart. My approach to therapy is integrative; I use a combination of talk and expressive arts - this includes visual arts, creative writing, movement - or finding new ways of expression that might seem appropriate for you.
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Photo of Life Wise Counselling - Neelam Olk , Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Life Wise Counselling - Neelam Olk
Counsellor, MC, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burnaby, BC V5H
Life Wise was founded to support the active healing process for individuals & couples who are ready for change. We are committed to informing your journey overcoming Depression, Anxiety, Addiction, Trauma and relational challenges through a compassionate lens. We strongly believe in the power of connection, necessary for cultivating growth. However, past wounds can show up in our relationships, making true connection difficult to find. At Life Wise, our goal is to create a therapeutic connection that allows you to explore your story in a way that is empowering and constructive.
Life Wise was founded to support the active healing process for individuals & couples who are ready for change. We are committed to informing your journey overcoming Depression, Anxiety, Addiction, Trauma and relational challenges through a compassionate lens. We strongly believe in the power of connection, necessary for cultivating growth. However, past wounds can show up in our relationships, making true connection difficult to find. At Life Wise, our goal is to create a therapeutic connection that allows you to explore your story in a way that is empowering and constructive.
(587) 849-0736 View (587) 849-0736
Photo of Paula Rajmil, Licensed Professional Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Paula Rajmil
Licensed Professional Counsellor, RCC, MPs
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5E
I support individuals, couples, and families to navigate the complexities of relationships toward healthier love. They may face a variety of challenges, such as communication issues, conflicts, trauma, or life transitions, and they crave guidance and solutions to overcome these obstacles. Their problems can range from trust and intimacy difficulties to difficulties raising children or coping with stressful situations.
I support individuals, couples, and families to navigate the complexities of relationships toward healthier love. They may face a variety of challenges, such as communication issues, conflicts, trauma, or life transitions, and they crave guidance and solutions to overcome these obstacles. Their problems can range from trust and intimacy difficulties to difficulties raising children or coping with stressful situations.
(506) 701-2566 View (506) 701-2566
Photo of Zoe Ho, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Zoe Ho
Counsellor, RCC, CCC, MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burnaby, BC V5H  (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm Zoe Ho, licensed clinical therapist and founder of Avalo Therapy + Wellness. Beginning your healing journey can be exciting and challenging, and I am here to help you feel supported every step of the way. At Avalo Therapy, we celebrate your diversity and uniqueness. Our approach creates a safe, collaborative, and inclusive space for your authentic self-discovery. Whether you are seeking personal growth, trauma healing or relationship improvement, we provide a range of therapies that boosts insight and mind-body connection. We are trauma-informed providers of holistic and clinical therapy, including EMDR.
Welcome! I'm Zoe Ho, licensed clinical therapist and founder of Avalo Therapy + Wellness. Beginning your healing journey can be exciting and challenging, and I am here to help you feel supported every step of the way. At Avalo Therapy, we celebrate your diversity and uniqueness. Our approach creates a safe, collaborative, and inclusive space for your authentic self-discovery. Whether you are seeking personal growth, trauma healing or relationship improvement, we provide a range of therapies that boosts insight and mind-body connection. We are trauma-informed providers of holistic and clinical therapy, including EMDR.
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Photo of Ina Stockhausen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Burnaby, BC
Ina Stockhausen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MTC
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5A
These are unique and challenging times. We are faced with very real stressors that can trigger lots of anxiety. What is happening right now can also activate past trauma. Financial concerns, health concerns, worrying about loved ones, having to adjust to living with each other...it can bring out the best and the worst of us. If you have already been struggling with disconnect, unresolved conflict and hurt, or unhealthy ways of coping, now is the time to reach out. I have a very compassionate yet practical approach and focus on providing you with tools that will enable you to make positive life and love changes
These are unique and challenging times. We are faced with very real stressors that can trigger lots of anxiety. What is happening right now can also activate past trauma. Financial concerns, health concerns, worrying about loved ones, having to adjust to living with each other...it can bring out the best and the worst of us. If you have already been struggling with disconnect, unresolved conflict and hurt, or unhealthy ways of coping, now is the time to reach out. I have a very compassionate yet practical approach and focus on providing you with tools that will enable you to make positive life and love changes
(866) 362-6711 View (866) 362-6711
Photo of Zafreen Idoo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burnaby, BC
Zafreen Idoo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, RSW, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Burnaby, BC V5H
I am a registered social worker under BCCSW. I enjoy working with children, couples, parents, young adults, and families. I work with clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, PTSD, relationships, and family conflicts. I use skills and diverse modalities such as problem-solving, creating healthy boundaries, person/client-centred, offering emotional support and holistic therapy, etc.
I am a registered social worker under BCCSW. I enjoy working with children, couples, parents, young adults, and families. I work with clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, PTSD, relationships, and family conflicts. I use skills and diverse modalities such as problem-solving, creating healthy boundaries, person/client-centred, offering emotional support and holistic therapy, etc.
(343) 321-1410 View (343) 321-1410
Photo of Ibrahim Mohamed Elwaly, Counsellor in Burnaby, BC
Ibrahim Mohamed Elwaly
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Burnaby, BC V5J
Counselling and Psychotherapy is not just a job, it is a spiritual call for lending a hand for a person who needs it. We are all -at some point in our live- need help. I offer counselling and Psychotherapeutic approach that combines different techniques which are tailored to the person's needs in regarding individual differences. My experience range from School and Family counselling, Posttraumatic rehabilitation, Adolescence and personality disorders, Anxiety, Stress, Educational retardation. We never give up until achieving satisfaction and happiness success to our clients.
Counselling and Psychotherapy is not just a job, it is a spiritual call for lending a hand for a person who needs it. We are all -at some point in our live- need help. I offer counselling and Psychotherapeutic approach that combines different techniques which are tailored to the person's needs in regarding individual differences. My experience range from School and Family counselling, Posttraumatic rehabilitation, Adolescence and personality disorders, Anxiety, Stress, Educational retardation. We never give up until achieving satisfaction and happiness success to our clients.
(204) 813-9353 View (204) 813-9353

See more therapy options for Burnaby

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Burnaby, BC

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Burnaby, BC who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Self Esteem
85% Stress
81% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% SunLife
53% Pacific Blue Cross
45% Green Shield Canada

How Counsellors in Burnaby, BC see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Burnaby?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.