Photo of First Step Men's Therapy, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
First Step Men's Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MA, ASAT, EMDR
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M2N  (Online Only)
Our specializations include: sexual addiction, grief, life transitions, alcohol use, divorce, parenting, trauma, PTSD, ADHD, anger management, sex therapy, anxiety, infidelity, depression, and men's issues.
Are you feeling disconnected to yourself, loved ones, or society? Do you question whether you are a good father, son, or partner? Do you feel angry, stuck, overwhelmed, powerless, guilty, or "not normal". Many men struggle with their mental health without seeking help or reaching out for support. Often, this struggle may lead to addiction, anxiety, depression, shame, guilt, suicidal ideation, poor relationships, grief, low self-esteem, or low self-worth. First Step Men's Therapy offers a safe, warm, and inviting space for men to heal, learn, and grow. Book a free consultation today by clicking the "Website" button to learn more.
Our specializations include: sexual addiction, grief, life transitions, alcohol use, divorce, parenting, trauma, PTSD, ADHD, anger management, sex therapy, anxiety, infidelity, depression, and men's issues.
Are you feeling disconnected to yourself, loved ones, or society? Do you question whether you are a good father, son, or partner? Do you feel angry, stuck, overwhelmed, powerless, guilty, or "not normal". Many men struggle with their mental health without seeking help or reaching out for support. Often, this struggle may lead to addiction, anxiety, depression, shame, guilt, suicidal ideation, poor relationships, grief, low self-esteem, or low self-worth. First Step Men's Therapy offers a safe, warm, and inviting space for men to heal, learn, and grow. Book a free consultation today by clicking the "Website" button to learn more.
(289) 216-5075 View (289) 216-5075
Photo of MindSeed Health, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
MindSeed Health
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4W
MindSeed is a trauma-informed mental health centre that meets people where they are and helps them get to where they want to be. We're dedicated to helping people gain both the skills & insights that empower them to lead more satisfying lives. Our clients face challenges with: depression, anxiety, trauma (complex & PTSD), intense emotions (eg. anger, shame), substance and alcohol use, self-harm, suicidality, disordered eating & body image issues, low self worth, grief, life transitions, & relationships. Many also have a history of early or relational traumas.
MindSeed is a trauma-informed mental health centre that meets people where they are and helps them get to where they want to be. We're dedicated to helping people gain both the skills & insights that empower them to lead more satisfying lives. Our clients face challenges with: depression, anxiety, trauma (complex & PTSD), intense emotions (eg. anger, shame), substance and alcohol use, self-harm, suicidality, disordered eating & body image issues, low self worth, grief, life transitions, & relationships. Many also have a history of early or relational traumas.
(289) 778-0121 View (289) 778-0121
Photo of First Step Men's Therapy, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
First Step Men's Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M1T
Our specializations include: Borderline Personality, grief, life transitions, alcohol use, Narcissistic Personality, trauma, OCD, ADHD, behavioural issues, anger management, chronic impulsivity, anxiety, infidelity, depression, dual diagnosis, and men's issues.
Men often face pressure to suppress their emotions, making therapy a courageous act of defiance. As a therapist, I specialize in guiding men through reconnecting with their emotions and inner selves. Many men seek deeper connections and understanding, aiming to enhance relationships and daily life. No matter what you are struggling with, my goal is to help you understand your underlying motivations and develop healthier coping mechanisms. With a focus on avoidant attachment styles, I provide a safe space for exploration and empowerment, aiming to shift patterns and foster self-discovery. Book a free 20-minute consult to learn more!
Our specializations include: Borderline Personality, grief, life transitions, alcohol use, Narcissistic Personality, trauma, OCD, ADHD, behavioural issues, anger management, chronic impulsivity, anxiety, infidelity, depression, dual diagnosis, and men's issues.
Men often face pressure to suppress their emotions, making therapy a courageous act of defiance. As a therapist, I specialize in guiding men through reconnecting with their emotions and inner selves. Many men seek deeper connections and understanding, aiming to enhance relationships and daily life. No matter what you are struggling with, my goal is to help you understand your underlying motivations and develop healthier coping mechanisms. With a focus on avoidant attachment styles, I provide a safe space for exploration and empowerment, aiming to shift patterns and foster self-discovery. Book a free 20-minute consult to learn more!
(343) 633-2702 View (343) 633-2702
Photo of Dela Lubin - Counselling And Consulting Services, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Dela Lubin - Counselling And Consulting Services
Registered Psychotherapist, MPS
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4K  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with the daily pressures of life? Do you find yourself inundated by unhealthy thoughts and emotions which overwhelm and control your life? My name is Dela and I'm a Registered Psychotherapist with a passion for helping families and individuals like yourself learn how to regain balance by taking control of destructive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This includes working with and families and individuals with a history of childhood neglect, abuse, trauma, work related issues, family problems, and psychological issues including anxiety, mood, and personality disorders.
Are you struggling with the daily pressures of life? Do you find yourself inundated by unhealthy thoughts and emotions which overwhelm and control your life? My name is Dela and I'm a Registered Psychotherapist with a passion for helping families and individuals like yourself learn how to regain balance by taking control of destructive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This includes working with and families and individuals with a history of childhood neglect, abuse, trauma, work related issues, family problems, and psychological issues including anxiety, mood, and personality disorders.
(226) 407-9163 View (226) 407-9163
Photo of Maria Ahmed, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Maria Ahmed
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M2K
We all experience difficult encounters that leave us questioning our world view or even ourselves. Finding the right support is a difficult task and can oftentimes be a daunting experience. I aim to create safe emotional spaces to help, explore, cope with, or overcome difficulties towards acceptance, serenity, inner peace, empowerment, and healthier relationships. I believe that difficult experiences can either break us down or build us up. I have a Master of Arts Degree in Addictions Counselling and my methods include narrative therapy, CBT, CPT and DBT.
We all experience difficult encounters that leave us questioning our world view or even ourselves. Finding the right support is a difficult task and can oftentimes be a daunting experience. I aim to create safe emotional spaces to help, explore, cope with, or overcome difficulties towards acceptance, serenity, inner peace, empowerment, and healthier relationships. I believe that difficult experiences can either break us down or build us up. I have a Master of Arts Degree in Addictions Counselling and my methods include narrative therapy, CBT, CPT and DBT.
(289) 802-2297 View (289) 802-2297
Photo of Dunn Kaufman, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Dunn Kaufman
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, MACP, CHT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6B  (Online Only)
What if you could actually be happy every day? Hi I'm Dunn Kaufman, therapist & couples counselor. For over a decade, I have been helping people like you with stress, anxiety, depression, relationship and/or other issues lead the life you know you can have. If you want more out of your life and haven't been able to do so on your own or with your current therapist, then be in touch.
What if you could actually be happy every day? Hi I'm Dunn Kaufman, therapist & couples counselor. For over a decade, I have been helping people like you with stress, anxiety, depression, relationship and/or other issues lead the life you know you can have. If you want more out of your life and haven't been able to do so on your own or with your current therapist, then be in touch.
(437) 500-6282 View (437) 500-6282
Photo of Sly Sarkisova, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Sly Sarkisova
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, BA, BSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4Y  (Online Only)
In whatever way you find yourself here, rest assured we can build the tools you need to unpack and resolve the issues you face. Whether you are exploring your identity, opening up or managing the health of your relationship(s), processing experiences from your past, or needing space to explore a sense of unrest - I will meet you in co-creating a compassionate space of deep empathy, gentle exploration, strengthening and resolution. If you feel ready to explore the next phase of your healing or recovery work, I offer a unique and experiential lens guided by integrity, consent, reflexivity and accountability.
In whatever way you find yourself here, rest assured we can build the tools you need to unpack and resolve the issues you face. Whether you are exploring your identity, opening up or managing the health of your relationship(s), processing experiences from your past, or needing space to explore a sense of unrest - I will meet you in co-creating a compassionate space of deep empathy, gentle exploration, strengthening and resolution. If you feel ready to explore the next phase of your healing or recovery work, I offer a unique and experiential lens guided by integrity, consent, reflexivity and accountability.
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Photo of Carly Bowie, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Carly Bowie
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M8V
Are trying to understand yourself more? Maybe you are trying to get to the root of why you do certain things, why things can set you off, and what unprocessed life experiences you have. As well as exploring how you relate to yourself, others, and the world. Therapy can be a wonderful place to go on a further journey of self-exploration. To help you put some of the pieces together, and to create a compassionate relationship to self while extending that to others.
Are trying to understand yourself more? Maybe you are trying to get to the root of why you do certain things, why things can set you off, and what unprocessed life experiences you have. As well as exploring how you relate to yourself, others, and the world. Therapy can be a wonderful place to go on a further journey of self-exploration. To help you put some of the pieces together, and to create a compassionate relationship to self while extending that to others.
(365) 661-4395 View (365) 661-4395
Photo of Jennifer Ireland, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Jennifer Ireland
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, MA, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5R  (Online Only)
How do you find hope? You're such a warm, gentle, and kind-hearted individual. You have dreams and aspirations, and your motivation to move forward is truly inspiring. However, recently, you've hit a roadblock. You find yourself feeling stuck – overwhelmed by worry, loss, and challenging life changes. It's like you've reached an impasse, and moving forward seems elusive.
How do you find hope? You're such a warm, gentle, and kind-hearted individual. You have dreams and aspirations, and your motivation to move forward is truly inspiring. However, recently, you've hit a roadblock. You find yourself feeling stuck – overwhelmed by worry, loss, and challenging life changes. It's like you've reached an impasse, and moving forward seems elusive.
(437) 747-1886 View (437) 747-1886
Photo of Church Wellesley Counselling and Psychotherapy, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Church Wellesley Counselling and Psychotherapy
Registered Social Worker, RSW, RP, CCC, OCT
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4Y
Clinicians accepting new patients: As a community-minded organization, we sincerely believe that emotional healing and personal growth are within your reach. Through a trauma-informed, anti-oppressive lens, we offer individual therapy for issues related to anxiety and depression, gender and sexuality, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), self-esteem / self-confidence, and sexual trauma. If you live in downtown Toronto, identify within the LGBTQQ2S+ community, or simply seek positive change, get in touch with us today by visiting us at www.cwcp.ca
Clinicians accepting new patients: As a community-minded organization, we sincerely believe that emotional healing and personal growth are within your reach. Through a trauma-informed, anti-oppressive lens, we offer individual therapy for issues related to anxiety and depression, gender and sexuality, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), self-esteem / self-confidence, and sexual trauma. If you live in downtown Toronto, identify within the LGBTQQ2S+ community, or simply seek positive change, get in touch with us today by visiting us at www.cwcp.ca
(647) 493-8302 View (647) 493-8302
Photo of Greg Rennie - Bipolar Disorder And Addiction Specialist, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Greg Rennie - Bipolar Disorder And Addiction Specialist
Registered Psychotherapist, BSW, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M2N
Hello! I'm Greg and I have over 20 years experience as a therapist and specialize in Bipolar Disorder (trained in Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT), addiction (substances, porn and sex addiction) and PTSD. Most of my career I have worked in mental health and addiction hospitals like Homewood Health Centre and Bellwood Health Services. I provide online therapy in ALL Provinces and Territories for individuals and for families impacted by Bipolar Disorder, substance abuse and addiction. For a free 15 minute consultation go to my website (see button) or go to rennieclinicalservices.janeapp.com or (289) 307-5154
Hello! I'm Greg and I have over 20 years experience as a therapist and specialize in Bipolar Disorder (trained in Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT), addiction (substances, porn and sex addiction) and PTSD. Most of my career I have worked in mental health and addiction hospitals like Homewood Health Centre and Bellwood Health Services. I provide online therapy in ALL Provinces and Territories for individuals and for families impacted by Bipolar Disorder, substance abuse and addiction. For a free 15 minute consultation go to my website (see button) or go to rennieclinicalservices.janeapp.com or (289) 307-5154
(289) 307-5154 View (289) 307-5154
Photo of Angeli Sareen, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Angeli Sareen
Registered Social Worker, MSW RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5V  (Online Only)
What do we really need when starting the process of therapy and healing? A safe environment that's comfortable and welcoming to explore emotions, feelings, and perspectives without judgment. That's what you can expect from our time together. A strong therapeutic relationship is incredibly important when embarking on this journey of self-discovery. I've built my practice on a foundation of compassion and understanding. Every session is conducted through an empathetic lens, allowing you to fully embark on your healing journey.
What do we really need when starting the process of therapy and healing? A safe environment that's comfortable and welcoming to explore emotions, feelings, and perspectives without judgment. That's what you can expect from our time together. A strong therapeutic relationship is incredibly important when embarking on this journey of self-discovery. I've built my practice on a foundation of compassion and understanding. Every session is conducted through an empathetic lens, allowing you to fully embark on your healing journey.
(647) 905-0538 View (647) 905-0538
Photo of Starling Psychological Services, Psychologist in Toronto, ON
Starling Psychological Services
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4M
Starling Psychological Services is a multidisciplinary mental health clinic offering therapy services to adults in Ontario. Our goal is to provide professional and ethical psychotherapy for a range of mental health concerns and everyday problems. Our team of psychologists, social workers, and psychotherapists has extensive training and experience helping our clients to improve symptoms and develop the skills and strategies needed to make positive changes in their lives. We take a collaborative approach to counselling and work with our clients to set therapy goals and create a treatment plan to address them.
Starling Psychological Services is a multidisciplinary mental health clinic offering therapy services to adults in Ontario. Our goal is to provide professional and ethical psychotherapy for a range of mental health concerns and everyday problems. Our team of psychologists, social workers, and psychotherapists has extensive training and experience helping our clients to improve symptoms and develop the skills and strategies needed to make positive changes in their lives. We take a collaborative approach to counselling and work with our clients to set therapy goals and create a treatment plan to address them.
(866) 383-6128 View (866) 383-6128
Photo of Tom Nguyen, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Tom Nguyen
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4Y  (Online Only)
“The good life is a process. Not a state of being. It is a direction. Not a destination.” I am a compassionate and dedicated social worker with many years of experience providing psychotherapy to diverse clients (youths, adults, seniors, and families with diverse ethnic/racial/cultural/ LGBTQ2+/ socioeconomic backgrounds). I bring experience working in clinical and community settings to address a wide range of concerns.
“The good life is a process. Not a state of being. It is a direction. Not a destination.” I am a compassionate and dedicated social worker with many years of experience providing psychotherapy to diverse clients (youths, adults, seniors, and families with diverse ethnic/racial/cultural/ LGBTQ2+/ socioeconomic backgrounds). I bring experience working in clinical and community settings to address a wide range of concerns.
(437) 372-5107 View (437) 372-5107
Photo of Christine Werbski, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Christine Werbski
Registered Psychotherapist, MSW, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6C
People come to therapy for many reasons. A person may have experienced a life changing event. Perhaps a loved one has recently passed away. Perhaps there is a struggle with alcohol and drug problems or other mental health concerns. Psychotherapy gives you the opportunity to speak with someone who will listen and understand without judgement, provide a safe and trusting environment and offer professional guidance. Therapy can help you make more conscious choices, reconnect with your feelings and needs and gain more insight into relationships. It can also help you deal with crisis, loss, depression, anxiety, trauma and unhappiness.
People come to therapy for many reasons. A person may have experienced a life changing event. Perhaps a loved one has recently passed away. Perhaps there is a struggle with alcohol and drug problems or other mental health concerns. Psychotherapy gives you the opportunity to speak with someone who will listen and understand without judgement, provide a safe and trusting environment and offer professional guidance. Therapy can help you make more conscious choices, reconnect with your feelings and needs and gain more insight into relationships. It can also help you deal with crisis, loss, depression, anxiety, trauma and unhappiness.
(647) 955-5227 View (647) 955-5227
Photo of Cheyanne D'Souza, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Cheyanne D'Souza
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP(Q)
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5L
I am an individual and couple’s therapist who utilizes a person-centered approach to provide warm and empathetic counselling services. I work collaboratively with my clients to develops goals and create a therapeutic plan that is uniquely catered to the individual’s lifestyle. I have completed my Master of Counselling Psychology at Yorkville University.
I am an individual and couple’s therapist who utilizes a person-centered approach to provide warm and empathetic counselling services. I work collaboratively with my clients to develops goals and create a therapeutic plan that is uniquely catered to the individual’s lifestyle. I have completed my Master of Counselling Psychology at Yorkville University.
(437) 372-5484 View (437) 372-5484
Photo of Ashley Parsons Therapy, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Ashley Parsons Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, RP, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4V  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who is committed to self-development, getting to know themselves better, being honest with themselves about who they are, their challenges, their dreams. I guide clients to hear the voice of their true self so that they can live spaciously. I offer a client-centered approach honouring you for who you are, where you would like to go, what you would like to achieve at the pace of your own personal rhythm of growth and integration. If you would like to hear the voice of your own Heart, discover healing within you, please feel welcome to reach out.
My ideal client is someone who is committed to self-development, getting to know themselves better, being honest with themselves about who they are, their challenges, their dreams. I guide clients to hear the voice of their true self so that they can live spaciously. I offer a client-centered approach honouring you for who you are, where you would like to go, what you would like to achieve at the pace of your own personal rhythm of growth and integration. If you would like to hear the voice of your own Heart, discover healing within you, please feel welcome to reach out.
(647) 503-0395 View (647) 503-0395
Photo of Derek Shin, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Derek Shin
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M3C  (Online Only)
I'm a Registered Psychotherapist with a Masters Degree in Psychology who has been practicing and studying Mindfulness for the past 25 years. I also have extensive training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, and Mindfulness Based Meditation. Every therapeutic tool I use in our work together is something I use in my daily life so I can be at my best as a Father, Husband, Son, Brother, Friend, and Community Member. My approach to our work together is that of a collaboration between adults seeking to understand the best path for your Health and Happiness.
I'm a Registered Psychotherapist with a Masters Degree in Psychology who has been practicing and studying Mindfulness for the past 25 years. I also have extensive training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, and Mindfulness Based Meditation. Every therapeutic tool I use in our work together is something I use in my daily life so I can be at my best as a Father, Husband, Son, Brother, Friend, and Community Member. My approach to our work together is that of a collaboration between adults seeking to understand the best path for your Health and Happiness.
(647) 370-1498 View (647) 370-1498
Photo of Cassandra Claire Morrison, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Cassandra Claire Morrison
Registered Social Worker, MSW , RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5C
Hi, and welcome. I’m so happy you are here. If you are experiencing mental health challenges as it relates to relationships concerns, eating disorders, depression, anxiety and low-self esteem, I would love to support you. Let’s get you to a place of unconditional self-love and acceptance, achieving goals serenity, acceptance, wholeness, and happiness so you can live a calmer, fulfilled, enriched life and thrive. If you find yourself returning to destructive relationships, having low self-esteem and negative self-talk, and low coping skills or emotional regulation, I’d love to work with you!
Hi, and welcome. I’m so happy you are here. If you are experiencing mental health challenges as it relates to relationships concerns, eating disorders, depression, anxiety and low-self esteem, I would love to support you. Let’s get you to a place of unconditional self-love and acceptance, achieving goals serenity, acceptance, wholeness, and happiness so you can live a calmer, fulfilled, enriched life and thrive. If you find yourself returning to destructive relationships, having low self-esteem and negative self-talk, and low coping skills or emotional regulation, I’d love to work with you!
(647) 792-5388 View (647) 792-5388
Photo of Jordan Fainstat, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Jordan Fainstat
Registered Social Worker, MA, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4Y
Many feel that their social, academic, or professional lives have become unmanageable because of stress, anxiety, or self-esteem challenges. Those with an ADHD diagnosis, or suspected ADHD, often grapple with feelings of overwhelm, rejection sensitivity, addictive behaviour, or a sense of not living up to their potential, while insomnia can rob us of our quality of life. As a therapist, I am here to help you find solutions to these problems. My clients often include working professionals, entrepreneurs, and students from the undergrad to PhD levels. Current weekday availability, virtual and in-person.
Many feel that their social, academic, or professional lives have become unmanageable because of stress, anxiety, or self-esteem challenges. Those with an ADHD diagnosis, or suspected ADHD, often grapple with feelings of overwhelm, rejection sensitivity, addictive behaviour, or a sense of not living up to their potential, while insomnia can rob us of our quality of life. As a therapist, I am here to help you find solutions to these problems. My clients often include working professionals, entrepreneurs, and students from the undergrad to PhD levels. Current weekday availability, virtual and in-person.
(437) 747-6915 View (437) 747-6915

See more therapy options for Toronto

Alcohol Use Counsellors

Are there specific medications for alcohol use?

There are oral medications approved to treat alcohol use disorder—such as disulfiram, acamprosate, and naltrexone, which also comes in an injectable form. These medications do help people reduce their drinking as well as avoid the problem of relapse. Naltrexone helps reduce cravings, disulfiram can make a person feel sick when they drink, and acamprosate may help ease symptoms like poor sleep and anxious feelings.

How do alcohol recovery or rehabilitation programs work?

In inpatient programs, individuals live in a facility with other patients in recovery; in outpatient programs,individuals live at home. These facilities are staffed with healthcare professionals including physicians, nurses, psychologists, counselors, and psychotherapists. Staff can also include people who have recovered themselves, serving as mentors and guides. These programs may use abstinence, harm reduction, detoxification, psychotherapy, and other tools for recovery.

How do 12-step programs combined with psychotherapy work?

Members of 12-step programs help each other reach abstinence and work to maintain it. These programs promote complete change in the individual’s emotional, mental, physical, and even spiritual perspectives. Some programs require that new members attend 90 meetings in 90 days. Many people do attend these programs in conjunction with their work in psychotherapy; the combination of therapy along with 12-step can be extremely effective.

How does harm reduction combined with psychotherapy work?

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, harm reduction prevents death, injury, disease, overdose, and substance misuse. People who choose harm reduction for alcohol use reduce the amount of alcohol they intake. It is not abstinence-based like a 12-step program, but combining harm reduction with psychotherapy proves to be effective for many people.