Therapists in Mount Pearl, NL
Priority Health Counselling
Counsellor, MEd, CCC, ND
Verified Verified
Mount Pearl, NL A1N (Online Only)
I specialize in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including but not limited to: Acceptance Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, and Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT).
Today you have taken the first step to getting your life back. I know that mental health issues and life circumstances can leave you feeling overwhelmed, out of control, and without hope. BUT, don't believe everything your mind tells you! Regardless of the issues or circumstances that have brought you here, starting right now, you are on the road to recovery. Together, we will work to build the knowledge and skills that will enable you to manage and even overcome your issues, so you can start living the rich, meaningful life you want, today.
I specialize in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including but not limited to: Acceptance Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, and Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT).
Today you have taken the first step to getting your life back. I know that mental health issues and life circumstances can leave you feeling overwhelmed, out of control, and without hope. BUT, don't believe everything your mind tells you! Regardless of the issues or circumstances that have brought you here, starting right now, you are on the road to recovery. Together, we will work to build the knowledge and skills that will enable you to manage and even overcome your issues, so you can start living the rich, meaningful life you want, today.
Kristen Hynes Brothers (Phd Scholar)
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mount Pearl, NL A1N
Waitlist for new clients
I am trained in many theoretical approaches including CBT, DBT, Solution Focused, Narrative Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing.
I have been practicing social work for nearly 15 years and am eternally grateful for the work I am able to do, and the relationships I have been able to form. I have worked in diverse practice areas which have provided me with the knowledge, skills and compassion needed to create meaningful, therapeutic relationships with people. I believe in the value of showing up as my genuine self in sessions with you. My approach is client-centered; I bring a variety of tools to the table, and I believe that you do as well, and our work together will be collaborative and goal driven. I work with young people and adults, as well as couples.
I am trained in many theoretical approaches including CBT, DBT, Solution Focused, Narrative Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing.
I have been practicing social work for nearly 15 years and am eternally grateful for the work I am able to do, and the relationships I have been able to form. I have worked in diverse practice areas which have provided me with the knowledge, skills and compassion needed to create meaningful, therapeutic relationships with people. I believe in the value of showing up as my genuine self in sessions with you. My approach is client-centered; I bring a variety of tools to the table, and I believe that you do as well, and our work together will be collaborative and goal driven. I work with young people and adults, as well as couples.
Hannah Sparkes
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mount Pearl, NL A1N
Hello ! I’m Hannah Sparkes with Spark Your Growth. Seeking support can be hard so I appreciate you taking time to view my profile and see if I am a suitable fit for you! I work with clients to help heal trauma, develop self-confidence, cope with life’s stressors, build stronger relationships, regulate anxiety and stress, overcome addiction and achieve a life you want to live, amongst other things. Given that each person is unique, I understand there is no one-size fits all when it comes to therapy. I use a combination of cognitive and somatic therapies to create an approach that will meet each individual's needs and interests.
Hello ! I’m Hannah Sparkes with Spark Your Growth. Seeking support can be hard so I appreciate you taking time to view my profile and see if I am a suitable fit for you! I work with clients to help heal trauma, develop self-confidence, cope with life’s stressors, build stronger relationships, regulate anxiety and stress, overcome addiction and achieve a life you want to live, amongst other things. Given that each person is unique, I understand there is no one-size fits all when it comes to therapy. I use a combination of cognitive and somatic therapies to create an approach that will meet each individual's needs and interests.
Strength Counselling Services
Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Mount Pearl, NL A1N (Online Only)
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
More Therapists Nearby
Kara Pinksen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, BSW, MSW
Verified Verified
St John's, NL A1B
My therapeutic approach is informed by Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance Commitment Therapy, and Internal Family Systems Therapy.
Thank you for visiting my profile. I have a Masters Degree in Social Work and nearly 20 years experience offering therapy to individuals, couples and families. Reaching out for therapy can be difficult. It can create feelings of anxiety or shame, or a fear of being misunderstood or judged. I believe that therapy should be a non-judgmental, collaborative experience, where you can comfortably uncover and confront the obstacles preventing you from living the life you deserve. My goal is to provide a non- judgmental, compassionate, trauma-informed, queer positive, gender affirming, respectful space that is inclusive to all.
My therapeutic approach is informed by Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance Commitment Therapy, and Internal Family Systems Therapy.
Thank you for visiting my profile. I have a Masters Degree in Social Work and nearly 20 years experience offering therapy to individuals, couples and families. Reaching out for therapy can be difficult. It can create feelings of anxiety or shame, or a fear of being misunderstood or judged. I believe that therapy should be a non-judgmental, collaborative experience, where you can comfortably uncover and confront the obstacles preventing you from living the life you deserve. My goal is to provide a non- judgmental, compassionate, trauma-informed, queer positive, gender affirming, respectful space that is inclusive to all.
Lee Park
Registered Psychotherapist, MA , BAHons, RCT-C21
Verified Verified
St John's, NL A1A
I offer options, integrate most trusted approaches such as IFS, Internal Family Systems, EMDR, Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing, Psychodynamics, CBT, ACT, EFT, PE.
The ability to connect with you is a true privilege, blessing. I have deep passion to consistently improve, offer the highest standards of services, my approach is individualized, culturally, context sensitive. I work with children, teens, students, new graduates, individuals, couples, families. I treat anxiety, panic attacks, depression, grief, post trauma, assist those in life changes. I see my role to create a safe, warm, non judgemental, relaxed space so you find your best self, be motivated to work on your own, carrying out compassion, empathy, and a clear understanding of a combined therapy approach, tools, techniques.
I offer options, integrate most trusted approaches such as IFS, Internal Family Systems, EMDR, Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing, Psychodynamics, CBT, ACT, EFT, PE.
The ability to connect with you is a true privilege, blessing. I have deep passion to consistently improve, offer the highest standards of services, my approach is individualized, culturally, context sensitive. I work with children, teens, students, new graduates, individuals, couples, families. I treat anxiety, panic attacks, depression, grief, post trauma, assist those in life changes. I see my role to create a safe, warm, non judgemental, relaxed space so you find your best self, be motivated to work on your own, carrying out compassion, empathy, and a clear understanding of a combined therapy approach, tools, techniques.
DBT Karin Klassen R Psych
Psychologist, MSc, MPhil
Verified Verified
St John's, NL A1E (Online Only)
The focus of my practice is to treat people who have emotional dysregulation - stress! This can be due to a mood or personality disorder, chronic pain, trauma or complex trauma, military service, or a major life transition. I use practical, evidence based therapies such as DBT (Dialectical Behavioural Therapy), ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), Clinical Hypnosis, and CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) to help you fulfill your goals, getting back to living a meaningful, peaceful, productive life. One focus of my practice is treating current military members and veterans.
The focus of my practice is to treat people who have emotional dysregulation - stress! This can be due to a mood or personality disorder, chronic pain, trauma or complex trauma, military service, or a major life transition. I use practical, evidence based therapies such as DBT (Dialectical Behavioural Therapy), ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), Clinical Hypnosis, and CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) to help you fulfill your goals, getting back to living a meaningful, peaceful, productive life. One focus of my practice is treating current military members and veterans.
Lance Jackson
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
St John's, NL A1B (Online Only)
Counselling/therapy is journey of self-growth, forgiveness, understanding and acceptance.
If you feel like therapy hasn’t worked for you or you’re feeling overwhelmed by trauma, depression, loneliness, or misunderstood, or your having issues with your interpersonal relationships (marriage, intimate partner, friends family) then you’ve come to the right place. I also enjoy helping men who are trying to find their place in the world and themselves.
Counselling/therapy is journey of self-growth, forgiveness, understanding and acceptance.
If you feel like therapy hasn’t worked for you or you’re feeling overwhelmed by trauma, depression, loneliness, or misunderstood, or your having issues with your interpersonal relationships (marriage, intimate partner, friends family) then you’ve come to the right place. I also enjoy helping men who are trying to find their place in the world and themselves.
Cheryl Baker
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
St John's, NL A1B (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Some of the approaches that I often work from include motivational interviewing (MI), solution-focused therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), trauma-informed practice, harm reduction, recovery-oriented approaches, narrative therapy, and client-centered practice.
I’m Cheryl, an actively registered social worker, and I have been providing direct therapeutic counselling services for nearly 15 years in the field of mental health and addictions. I have received a Master of Social Work degree from Wilfred Laurier University, Ontario and completed the Bachelor of Social Work program from Memorial University of Newfoundland. Through my social work career, I have been given so many opportunities to engage in advanced clinical therapy with individuals, couples, and families, of all ages, in various capacities. I bring a range of experiences, therapeutic skills, and education to each relationship.
Some of the approaches that I often work from include motivational interviewing (MI), solution-focused therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), trauma-informed practice, harm reduction, recovery-oriented approaches, narrative therapy, and client-centered practice.
I’m Cheryl, an actively registered social worker, and I have been providing direct therapeutic counselling services for nearly 15 years in the field of mental health and addictions. I have received a Master of Social Work degree from Wilfred Laurier University, Ontario and completed the Bachelor of Social Work program from Memorial University of Newfoundland. Through my social work career, I have been given so many opportunities to engage in advanced clinical therapy with individuals, couples, and families, of all ages, in various capacities. I bring a range of experiences, therapeutic skills, and education to each relationship.
Catherine Dwyer
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
St John's, NL A1E
Being a human being is hard especially when we don’t quite understand how we’re hardwired and why we think, feel, and act the ways we do.
Are you feeling overwhelmed with stress, chronically exhausted and on the verge of burnout? Do you feel like you’re stuck in fight/flight or shutdown mode? Are you experiencing anger, anxiety, depression and/or relying too much on alcohol or other substances to cope? Are you struggling with centering your own needs and desires, or maintaining balance in your life? Are you a helping professional or caregiver? If so, you may benefit from speaking to a professional who specializes in treating stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, addiction, empathic strain/compassion fatigue, trauma exposure and secondary traumatic stress.
Being a human being is hard especially when we don’t quite understand how we’re hardwired and why we think, feel, and act the ways we do.
Are you feeling overwhelmed with stress, chronically exhausted and on the verge of burnout? Do you feel like you’re stuck in fight/flight or shutdown mode? Are you experiencing anger, anxiety, depression and/or relying too much on alcohol or other substances to cope? Are you struggling with centering your own needs and desires, or maintaining balance in your life? Are you a helping professional or caregiver? If so, you may benefit from speaking to a professional who specializes in treating stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, addiction, empathic strain/compassion fatigue, trauma exposure and secondary traumatic stress.
Brandon St Croix
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Paradise, NL A1L (Online Only)
I use evidence-based counselling techniques and treatment plans with my therapy consisting of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Narrative Therapy and Trauma Informed Care.
In developing a safe and respectful environment, I strive to help clients feel comfortable to start the journey of recovery from addiction, anxiety, depression, PTSD, and/or anger. I understand the journey of recovery from substance use disorders is not easy but I am here to support clients towards their goals. I also understand life transitions of individuals, especially athletes and how mental health is a large component of an athlete's identity.
I use evidence-based counselling techniques and treatment plans with my therapy consisting of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Narrative Therapy and Trauma Informed Care.
In developing a safe and respectful environment, I strive to help clients feel comfortable to start the journey of recovery from addiction, anxiety, depression, PTSD, and/or anger. I understand the journey of recovery from substance use disorders is not easy but I am here to support clients towards their goals. I also understand life transitions of individuals, especially athletes and how mental health is a large component of an athlete's identity.
Silver Linings Wellness
Counsellor, MEd, RCT, CCC
Verified Verified
St John's, NL A1A
Are you ready to make decisions that can be life changing? My name is Michelle and I bring a collaborative spirit to our counselling relationship applying an integrated treatment focus that is based on your needs. The treatment modalities I use are grounded in evidence-based methods such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy and Mindfulness practices. These approaches respect you, the client, and our therapeutic relationship while we work together toward your desired goals.
Are you ready to make decisions that can be life changing? My name is Michelle and I bring a collaborative spirit to our counselling relationship applying an integrated treatment focus that is based on your needs. The treatment modalities I use are grounded in evidence-based methods such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy and Mindfulness practices. These approaches respect you, the client, and our therapeutic relationship while we work together toward your desired goals.
Melanie Hickey
Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
St John's, NL A1A
Specialized Training: - Gottman Level One and Level Two (Level Two in progress) - Gottman Addiction and Recovery for Couples - Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) - Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) - Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) - Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) - Narrative Therapy - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Reaching out for help is not always easy and taking that first step can be life-changing. My name is Melanie Hickey. I’ve been a Registered Social Worker for over 18 years practicing in various roles. I adopt a compassionate, person-centered approach to therapy. I have extensive experience working with a diverse range of clients, including adults, youth, couples, and families. I am committed to helping my clients reach their full potential and live fulfilling lives. With a passion for helping others, I create a safe and supportive environment where my clients feel heard and understood.
Specialized Training: - Gottman Level One and Level Two (Level Two in progress) - Gottman Addiction and Recovery for Couples - Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) - Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) - Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) - Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) - Narrative Therapy - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Reaching out for help is not always easy and taking that first step can be life-changing. My name is Melanie Hickey. I’ve been a Registered Social Worker for over 18 years practicing in various roles. I adopt a compassionate, person-centered approach to therapy. I have extensive experience working with a diverse range of clients, including adults, youth, couples, and families. I am committed to helping my clients reach their full potential and live fulfilling lives. With a passion for helping others, I create a safe and supportive environment where my clients feel heard and understood.
Simon Sherry
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
St John's, NL A1C
Dr. Sherry is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Dalhousie University. He has published 160 journal articles, delivered 275 scientific presentations and earned $2.5 million in grant funds. In 2018, Dr. Sherry and his wife founded CRUX Psychology, a team of 16 Ph.D.-level psychologists. We provide high-quality individual therapy, couples therapy and assessment. We use scientifically tested therapies and assessments. And each service is tailored to your preferences, values and goals, and delivered with exceptional care and warmth. By merging compassion with science, we help you get the results you want.
Dr. Sherry is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Dalhousie University. He has published 160 journal articles, delivered 275 scientific presentations and earned $2.5 million in grant funds. In 2018, Dr. Sherry and his wife founded CRUX Psychology, a team of 16 Ph.D.-level psychologists. We provide high-quality individual therapy, couples therapy and assessment. We use scientifically tested therapies and assessments. And each service is tailored to your preferences, values and goals, and delivered with exceptional care and warmth. By merging compassion with science, we help you get the results you want.
Strength Counselling Services
Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Torbay, NL A1K
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
Kayla Baker
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
St John's, NL A1H
Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed? Do you spend your time dwelling on the past, or worrying about the future? Are you experiencing difficulties that keep you from living the life you want to live? We all face hurdles that prevent us from living a more meaningful life and, as your therapist, I can help.
Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed? Do you spend your time dwelling on the past, or worrying about the future? Are you experiencing difficulties that keep you from living the life you want to live? We all face hurdles that prevent us from living a more meaningful life and, as your therapist, I can help.
Power Counselling and Wellness
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
St John's, NL A1C
Sometimes navigating the complexities of life can get a little tricky to manage and we can get lost along the way. Therapy can assist you in finding the way back to yourself and can offer you a safe place to talk. Power Counselling and Wellness provides professional counselling and education to individuals and families of all ages. Through warm, confidential, and non-judgmental therapy, Power Counselling and Wellness provides services to people with a wide range of wellness and mental health concerns.
Sometimes navigating the complexities of life can get a little tricky to manage and we can get lost along the way. Therapy can assist you in finding the way back to yourself and can offer you a safe place to talk. Power Counselling and Wellness provides professional counselling and education to individuals and families of all ages. Through warm, confidential, and non-judgmental therapy, Power Counselling and Wellness provides services to people with a wide range of wellness and mental health concerns.
Strength Counselling Services
Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Portugal Cove-St Philips, NL A1M (Online Only)
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
Jennifer Hogan - Adhd Coach
BA, MScOT
Verified Verified
St John's, NL A1E (Online Only)
I’m an ADHD Coach with over 10 years of previous experience as an Occupational Therapist. I specialize in working with adults, children, and families with ADHD. As someone living with ADHD myself, I can appreciate the challenges that can be experienced throughout the various life stages. I have a highly specialized skillset and have worked in various areas of mental health, education, and pediatrics, including as a school-based Occupational Therapist.
I’m an ADHD Coach with over 10 years of previous experience as an Occupational Therapist. I specialize in working with adults, children, and families with ADHD. As someone living with ADHD myself, I can appreciate the challenges that can be experienced throughout the various life stages. I have a highly specialized skillset and have worked in various areas of mental health, education, and pediatrics, including as a school-based Occupational Therapist.
Antje Springmann
BA, PPCC, MACP, CCC, ND
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
St John's, NL A1A
Life has its ups and downs. Often we can find ways to cope, and even grow, riding out those waves. But most of us also have times when it all just seems too much; we cannot see a clear path ahead. That's when having the support of someone who listens without judgement and is fully present can be immensely helpful. That is the essence my counselling approach. My aim, in the time we spend together, is to help you discover and reconnect with your inner resources, as well as gain some new tools and create a viable plan to help you move from simply surviving to thriving.
Life has its ups and downs. Often we can find ways to cope, and even grow, riding out those waves. But most of us also have times when it all just seems too much; we cannot see a clear path ahead. That's when having the support of someone who listens without judgement and is fully present can be immensely helpful. That is the essence my counselling approach. My aim, in the time we spend together, is to help you discover and reconnect with your inner resources, as well as gain some new tools and create a viable plan to help you move from simply surviving to thriving.
See more therapy options for Mount Pearl
Nearby Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Counsellors Searches for Mount Pearl
See More Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) CounsellorsNearby Searches for Mount Pearl
See More CounsellorsAcceptance and Commitment (ACT) Counsellors
How does acceptance and commitment therapy work?
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy encourages a person to listen to their self-talk. A person’s inner dialog can be indicative of how they treat themselves. ACT also encourages self-compassion; this can lead to a better understanding of negative thought patterns and emotional states. This understanding can then lead the individual to needed behavior change.
What are the goals of acceptance and commitment therapy?
The goal of acceptance and commitment is to expand a person’s psychological flexibility, a trait that encourages an individual to live in the present moment and to accept all their thoughts, feelings, and emotions, even ones that are difficult such as sadness and anxiety. In ACT, this acceptance is congruent with the individual’s values and beliefs.
Does acceptance and commitment therapy work for depression?
Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective for depression because it allows the individual to view their discomfort and suffering differently. Depressive feelings about relationship heartaches, for example, are a part of life. A despondent person learns to let go of their struggles and instead view their painful thoughts and feelings with compassion. This will lead the individual toward positive change.
How long are people typically in acceptance and commitment therapy?
A typical acceptance and commitment therapy session is 50 minutes long with one session per week. Treatment for common problems such as anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties can last between eight weeks to four months. However, more severe cases may require more than one session a week and/or a longer time frame for treatment.