Therapists in Edmonton, AB

Photo of Asha Yassin, Counsellor, MACP, CCC
Asha Yassin
Counsellor, MACP, CCC
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5E
I approach therapy with depth, intention, and genuine curiosity for the person sitting across from me. My work is eclectic and highly individualized, drawing from a broad range of evidence based approaches that I carefully tailor to meet each client where they are, not where a manual says they should be. I support individuals, couples, and families navigating anxiety, PTSD, depression, low self esteem, postpartum depression (PPD), stress, relationship challenges, and complex family dynamics!
I approach therapy with depth, intention, and genuine curiosity for the person sitting across from me. My work is eclectic and highly individualized, drawing from a broad range of evidence based approaches that I carefully tailor to meet each client where they are, not where a manual says they should be. I support individuals, couples, and families navigating anxiety, PTSD, depression, low self esteem, postpartum depression (PPD), stress, relationship challenges, and complex family dynamics!
(825) 450-6627 View (825) 450-6627
Photo of Natasha Swift, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RCSW
Natasha Swift
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RCSW
Edmonton, AB T5K
Hello and welcome. Are you struggling with loss of a sense of self, anxiety, depression, substance use, and or past trauma(s)? Do you feel exhausted and overwhelmed with just getting through the day? Are you curious if life could feel simpler somehow? Now more than before, people are feeling uncertain about how to juggle all the many demands of life, be it a medical event, career, family, and or challenging relationships. Attending to your own needs, with a kind curiosity, can provide a much needed boost to one's emotional and physical wellbeing.
Hello and welcome. Are you struggling with loss of a sense of self, anxiety, depression, substance use, and or past trauma(s)? Do you feel exhausted and overwhelmed with just getting through the day? Are you curious if life could feel simpler somehow? Now more than before, people are feeling uncertain about how to juggle all the many demands of life, be it a medical event, career, family, and or challenging relationships. Attending to your own needs, with a kind curiosity, can provide a much needed boost to one's emotional and physical wellbeing.
(587) 419-6785 View (587) 419-6785
Photo of Jason Bryon Murray, Psychologist, MEd., R.Psyc
Jason Bryon Murray
Psychologist, MEd., R.Psyc
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
You long to feel better and get more from life. Depression, anxiety, trauma, burn out, chronic pain/illness, and the desire for personal growth - these are all significant challenges that can have you suffering deeply and feeling disconnected from life and relationships. The journey to better health can be difficult at times, but by working with the right therapist you will find that you can do difficult things! To get the best results for you we need to work in partnership. We’ll use your strengths and personal values to guide the way. With empathy and compassion we’ll discover what you need to learn and where you need to grow.
You long to feel better and get more from life. Depression, anxiety, trauma, burn out, chronic pain/illness, and the desire for personal growth - these are all significant challenges that can have you suffering deeply and feeling disconnected from life and relationships. The journey to better health can be difficult at times, but by working with the right therapist you will find that you can do difficult things! To get the best results for you we need to work in partnership. We’ll use your strengths and personal values to guide the way. With empathy and compassion we’ll discover what you need to learn and where you need to grow.
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Photo of Lindsay Wolf-Owczarek, Psychologist, BA, MC, RPsych
Lindsay Wolf-Owczarek
Psychologist, BA, MC, RPsych
3 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
Not accepting new clients
As humans we do best when we feel connected and understood. Lindsay focuses on creating safety and comfort to build a relationship that allows you to thrive. Lindsay specializes in the individual treatment of children, adolescents and adults.
As humans we do best when we feel connected and understood. Lindsay focuses on creating safety and comfort to build a relationship that allows you to thrive. Lindsay specializes in the individual treatment of children, adolescents and adults.
(587) 989-5292 View (587) 989-5292
Photo of Maria Alconero, Registered Provisional Psychologist, MA, MACP, CDMP
Maria Alconero
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MA, MACP, CDMP
Edmonton, AB T6W
If you’re thinking of starting therapy something in your life may feel heavy, stuck or hard to make sense of. You may notice yourself falling into familiar patterns in relationships or feeling disconnected from others — and even from yourself — in ways that are hard to shift on your own, and find yourself wanting support and guidance to move forward. These experiences can feel overwhelming and isolating and you don’t have to navigate them alone. With 15 years of experience in workplace health, I also support people navigating burnout, workplace stress, medical leave, and the transition back into demanding work environments.
If you’re thinking of starting therapy something in your life may feel heavy, stuck or hard to make sense of. You may notice yourself falling into familiar patterns in relationships or feeling disconnected from others — and even from yourself — in ways that are hard to shift on your own, and find yourself wanting support and guidance to move forward. These experiences can feel overwhelming and isolating and you don’t have to navigate them alone. With 15 years of experience in workplace health, I also support people navigating burnout, workplace stress, medical leave, and the transition back into demanding work environments.
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Photo of Love Marie Veronneau, Pre-Licensed Professional, MCP
Love Marie Veronneau
Pre-Licensed Professional, MCP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
You are not alone. You may be feeling overwhelmed by life’s demands, exhaustion, difficult decisions, relationship challenges, or general uncertainty, but you don't have to navigate it alone. Many of my clients come to therapy seeking greater clarity, balance, confidence, and a deeper understanding of themselves. I offer a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental space where you can feel genuinely heard and understood. Together, at a pace that feels right for you, we will build insight, resilience, and practical tools to help you move forward with greater clarity, self-awareness, and confidence.
You are not alone. You may be feeling overwhelmed by life’s demands, exhaustion, difficult decisions, relationship challenges, or general uncertainty, but you don't have to navigate it alone. Many of my clients come to therapy seeking greater clarity, balance, confidence, and a deeper understanding of themselves. I offer a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental space where you can feel genuinely heard and understood. Together, at a pace that feels right for you, we will build insight, resilience, and practical tools to help you move forward with greater clarity, self-awareness, and confidence.
(587) 843-4668 View (587) 843-4668
Photo of Virginia Dowdell, Psychologist, MACP
Virginia Dowdell
Psychologist, MACP
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6W
Maybe you’re exhausted from dealing with circumstances beyond your control. Or maybe your brain never slows down—you bounce back and forth between fight and flight and can’t seem to settle. Maybe you know perfectly well why you're struggling, but feel stuck in the same patterns. That’s not a personal failure! It’s a nervous system doing its best to cope.
Maybe you’re exhausted from dealing with circumstances beyond your control. Or maybe your brain never slows down—you bounce back and forth between fight and flight and can’t seem to settle. Maybe you know perfectly well why you're struggling, but feel stuck in the same patterns. That’s not a personal failure! It’s a nervous system doing its best to cope.
(587) 870-5820 View (587) 870-5820
Photo of Nathanael Robertson, Registered Clinical Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RCSW
Nathanael Robertson
Registered Clinical Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RCSW
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5N
For many of us, at some point we look up and realize life has not gone as planned. Whether it's anxiety from relationships, pressure from work, or a disconnect between your values and decisions, we all can feel lost at times. I'm here support you! My role as your therapist is to work alongside you to create a space for you to engage in self-discovery, process life events, unlearn unhelpful beliefs and behaviours, build coping skills, and work towards inner peace that feels eluding. Together we can re-gain a sense of control as no matter what's led you here, I believe in the human capacity to adapt and grow with the right support.
For many of us, at some point we look up and realize life has not gone as planned. Whether it's anxiety from relationships, pressure from work, or a disconnect between your values and decisions, we all can feel lost at times. I'm here support you! My role as your therapist is to work alongside you to create a space for you to engage in self-discovery, process life events, unlearn unhelpful beliefs and behaviours, build coping skills, and work towards inner peace that feels eluding. Together we can re-gain a sense of control as no matter what's led you here, I believe in the human capacity to adapt and grow with the right support.
(825) 425-0054 View (825) 425-0054
Photo of Tierney Fitzgerald, Counsellor, MACP, CCC
Tierney Fitzgerald
Counsellor, MACP, CCC
Edmonton, AB T6E
Hi, I’m Tierney, and I’m glad you’re here. I’m a clinical counsellor who works with individuals, couples, and youth ages 6 and up. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck in unhelpful patterns, navigating relationship or friendship challenges, or exploring your identity, you don’t have to do it alone. I provide a safe, welcoming, and neurodivergent-friendly space where you can speak openly, feel understood, and explore what’s happening in your life—whether your concerns feel big or small. At its core, my work is about helping you reconnect with your sense of what truly matters—your values, your relationships, your sense of self.
Hi, I’m Tierney, and I’m glad you’re here. I’m a clinical counsellor who works with individuals, couples, and youth ages 6 and up. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck in unhelpful patterns, navigating relationship or friendship challenges, or exploring your identity, you don’t have to do it alone. I provide a safe, welcoming, and neurodivergent-friendly space where you can speak openly, feel understood, and explore what’s happening in your life—whether your concerns feel big or small. At its core, my work is about helping you reconnect with your sense of what truly matters—your values, your relationships, your sense of self.
(825) 479-0017 View (825) 479-0017
Photo of Alina Rydz, Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
Alina Rydz
Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6G
Life can be confusing, frustrating, lonely, and painful. You may find yourself struggling with shame, fearfulness, sadness, anger, or even numbness - maybe it all snuck up on you, or maybe it came crashing down after a traumatic or hurtful event. If you're feeling overwhelmed, stuck, and without direction, finding a supportive, knowledgeable and safe psychologist is a great first step. In your search for one, I am happy to answer any questions you have while looking for a good fit.
Life can be confusing, frustrating, lonely, and painful. You may find yourself struggling with shame, fearfulness, sadness, anger, or even numbness - maybe it all snuck up on you, or maybe it came crashing down after a traumatic or hurtful event. If you're feeling overwhelmed, stuck, and without direction, finding a supportive, knowledgeable and safe psychologist is a great first step. In your search for one, I am happy to answer any questions you have while looking for a good fit.
(587) 417-6717 View (587) 417-6717
Photo of Lynne M Kostiuk - Aspirations Inc., Psychologist, PhD
Aspirations Inc.
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
Aspirations Inc. is a private practice founded and operated by Dr. Lynne M. Kostiuk. We are located in the community of Old Strathcona, the heart of Edmonton. We are dedicated to provide professional therapeutic services to individuals (adults, adolescents, children and seniors) couples, and families in the communities of Edmonton and surrounding areas. Our values lead us to respect the uniqueness and dignity of each personality.
Aspirations Inc. is a private practice founded and operated by Dr. Lynne M. Kostiuk. We are located in the community of Old Strathcona, the heart of Edmonton. We are dedicated to provide professional therapeutic services to individuals (adults, adolescents, children and seniors) couples, and families in the communities of Edmonton and surrounding areas. Our values lead us to respect the uniqueness and dignity of each personality.
(587) 817-8318 View (587) 817-8318
Photo of Sonya Sehgal, Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
Sonya Sehgal
Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
4 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6X
Accepting clients in Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Is anxiety, stress, or self-doubt holding you back in life? Do you feel stopped when it comes to moving forward towards your goals and aspirations? I am passionate about working together to help you move towards living a life that is truly meaningful. I help you discover what may be getting in the way of making important shifts in the areas of your life in which you feel emotionally stuck, especially during challenging times. I am inclusive and culturally sensitive and create a welcoming space that is respectful of diversity and all walks of life.
Accepting clients in Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Is anxiety, stress, or self-doubt holding you back in life? Do you feel stopped when it comes to moving forward towards your goals and aspirations? I am passionate about working together to help you move towards living a life that is truly meaningful. I help you discover what may be getting in the way of making important shifts in the areas of your life in which you feel emotionally stuck, especially during challenging times. I am inclusive and culturally sensitive and create a welcoming space that is respectful of diversity and all walks of life.
(587) 412-1536 View (587) 412-1536
Photo of Leigh-Anne Marie Sheldon - Indigenous Psychological Services & Leighs Counsel, Psychologist, MC, , R Psyc
Leigh Sheldon is an Indigenous Registered Psychologist who embody's the Medicine Wheel into her practice. She has created an Integrated Service team to help provide additional supports at a sliding fee scale. Our team focuses training that is cultural and trauma informed. She is currently not accepting clients however, her team is taking on referrals. Indigenous Psychological Services is expanding and hiring Practitioners.
Leigh Sheldon is an Indigenous Registered Psychologist who embody's the Medicine Wheel into her practice. She has created an Integrated Service team to help provide additional supports at a sliding fee scale. Our team focuses training that is cultural and trauma informed. She is currently not accepting clients however, her team is taking on referrals. Indigenous Psychological Services is expanding and hiring Practitioners.
(587) 327-2819 View (587) 327-2819
Photo of Melissa Dawn Harris, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), Intern
Melissa Dawn Harris
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), Intern
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I value authenticity, collaboration, and the uniqueness of your story. In our work together, you’ll reconnect with your values, build meaningful self-compassion, strengthen emotional regulation, and reclaim your sense of empowerment. You’ll find a warm, curious space where you feel seen, supported, and understood as we move together toward purposeful, sustainable change.
I value authenticity, collaboration, and the uniqueness of your story. In our work together, you’ll reconnect with your values, build meaningful self-compassion, strengthen emotional regulation, and reclaim your sense of empowerment. You’ll find a warm, curious space where you feel seen, supported, and understood as we move together toward purposeful, sustainable change.
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Photo of Phillip Hau, Psychologist, MC
Phillip Hau
Psychologist, MC
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5X
I practice counselling from a strength-based, client-centre perspective. I honor clients' experiences and together we form collaborative relationships to identify healthy coping, and solution-oriented pathways towards clients' goals. I also utilize Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to identify maladaptive, intrusive thoughts to form adaptive self-concepts. Furthermore, I thoughtfully incorporate Eye Movement Desentization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to work with traumatic life events and emotionally freedom techniques to ground and process strong emotions. I am trained in Play Therapy to work with children and Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) to work with couples. I am also Pride certified to work with sexual and gender minority individuals.
I practice counselling from a strength-based, client-centre perspective. I honor clients' experiences and together we form collaborative relationships to identify healthy coping, and solution-oriented pathways towards clients' goals. I also utilize Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to identify maladaptive, intrusive thoughts to form adaptive self-concepts. Furthermore, I thoughtfully incorporate Eye Movement Desentization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to work with traumatic life events and emotionally freedom techniques to ground and process strong emotions. I am trained in Play Therapy to work with children and Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) to work with couples. I am also Pride certified to work with sexual and gender minority individuals.
(844) 492-9985 View (844) 492-9985
Photo of Lauren Terlecki, Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
Lauren Terlecki
Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
11 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5N
As a Registered Psychologist, I am committed to helping others live a life they deeply value, in spite of what suffering inevitably arises. I offer a respectful, confidential space where you will be supported in honest, non-judgmental self-exploration. Together, we can work on approaching your difficult thoughts, feelings, and experiences in new ways: with compassion, understanding, and the courage to be vulnerable. My goal is to help you build behavioural flexibility, so that you are increasingly able to act in ways that align with your values, rather than rigidly re-cycling old patterns of behaviour.
As a Registered Psychologist, I am committed to helping others live a life they deeply value, in spite of what suffering inevitably arises. I offer a respectful, confidential space where you will be supported in honest, non-judgmental self-exploration. Together, we can work on approaching your difficult thoughts, feelings, and experiences in new ways: with compassion, understanding, and the courage to be vulnerable. My goal is to help you build behavioural flexibility, so that you are increasingly able to act in ways that align with your values, rather than rigidly re-cycling old patterns of behaviour.
(587) 812-8565 x104 View (587) 812-8565 x104
Photo of Sabeen Haqqi - Sabr and Strength, Counsellor, M.D., MPCC-P
Sabr and Strength
Counsellor, M.D., MPCC-P
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I support women navigating the emotional complexities of expat life, major life transitions, and deeply personal challenges such as anxiety and depression and infertility. Clients come to me feeling overwhelmed by life transitions, adjusting to expat life, or struggling with anxiety, low mood, and emotional burnout. They look to feel heard, understood and seek clarity, stability and support.
I support women navigating the emotional complexities of expat life, major life transitions, and deeply personal challenges such as anxiety and depression and infertility. Clients come to me feeling overwhelmed by life transitions, adjusting to expat life, or struggling with anxiety, low mood, and emotional burnout. They look to feel heard, understood and seek clarity, stability and support.
(825) 902-2158 View (825) 902-2158
Photo of Aleksandra Gavric, Registered Provisional Psychologist, BA, MC, RPP
Aleksandra Gavric
Registered Provisional Psychologist, BA, MC, RPP
Edmonton, AB T5Y
Are you feeling stuck in patterns that leave you doubting yourself or walking on eggshells in relationships? Many of the teens and adults I work with struggle with low self-worth, people-pleasing, perfectionism, or an intense inner critic. Some are navigating conflict with parents, partners, or peers. Others are healing from experiences of gaslighting, emotional neglect, or relational trauma that continue to shape how they see themselves.
Are you feeling stuck in patterns that leave you doubting yourself or walking on eggshells in relationships? Many of the teens and adults I work with struggle with low self-worth, people-pleasing, perfectionism, or an intense inner critic. Some are navigating conflict with parents, partners, or peers. Others are healing from experiences of gaslighting, emotional neglect, or relational trauma that continue to shape how they see themselves.
(780) 898-2559 View (780) 898-2559
Photo of Justin Long, Psychologist, MCP, RPsych
Justin Long
Psychologist, MCP, RPsych
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
You may be navigating trauma, anxiety, depression, sensory overload, or recovery after a motor vehicle accident (MVA). You’re looking for balance, emotional regulation, and confidence in your daily life—wanting to reconnect with self-care, relationships, or meaningful routines. My ideal clients are open to growth and seeking a safe, affirming space to explore emotions, patterns, and strengths. Together, we aim to improve your well-being, independence, and quality of life. If we’re not the right fit, I’ll help guide you toward care that works for you.
You may be navigating trauma, anxiety, depression, sensory overload, or recovery after a motor vehicle accident (MVA). You’re looking for balance, emotional regulation, and confidence in your daily life—wanting to reconnect with self-care, relationships, or meaningful routines. My ideal clients are open to growth and seeking a safe, affirming space to explore emotions, patterns, and strengths. Together, we aim to improve your well-being, independence, and quality of life. If we’re not the right fit, I’ll help guide you toward care that works for you.
(825) 601-5950 View (825) 601-5950
Photo of Kristie Bennett, Psychologist
Kristie Bennett
Psychologist
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5J
You’ve hit midlife and something feels…off. You’re exhausted, anxious, disconnected — maybe blaming menopause, maybe wondering if you’re losing yourself. I’ve been there. As a psychologist who returned to school in my 50s, I know this season can feel overwhelming — and full of possibility. You want clarity, purpose, and to finally live for you. Together, we’ll untangle what’s no longer working and reclaim the parts of you that are ready to rise.
You’ve hit midlife and something feels…off. You’re exhausted, anxious, disconnected — maybe blaming menopause, maybe wondering if you’re losing yourself. I’ve been there. As a psychologist who returned to school in my 50s, I know this season can feel overwhelming — and full of possibility. You want clarity, purpose, and to finally live for you. Together, we’ll untangle what’s no longer working and reclaim the parts of you that are ready to rise.
(587) 847-5440 View (587) 847-5440

See more therapy options for Edmonton

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Edmonton, AB

1.000+

Average cost per session

$220

Counsellors in Edmonton, AB who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
92% Social Anxiety
92% Health Anxiety
92% Driving Anxiety
86% Depression
80% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Alberta Blue Cross
69% Green Shield Canada
67% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Edmonton, AB see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Edmonton?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.