Therapists in Edmonton, AB

Photo of Aneta Stojneva Cicovska, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RCSW
Aneta Stojneva Cicovska
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RCSW
Online Only
I specialize in facilitating the journey towards post - traumatic growth following trauma, PTSD, attachment injuries and similar adversities. Are you experiencing prolonged periods of distressing thoughts, memories, dreams or physical reactions? Do you feel detached and avoiding certain people, places, situations? Do you feel chronically tense, numb, sad, helpless, angry? Are you experiencing strong negative reactions to unexpected sounds or touch? These are some of the most frequent reactions reported by my clients after experiencing psychological trauma and attachment injuries. What is post - traumatic growth?
I specialize in facilitating the journey towards post - traumatic growth following trauma, PTSD, attachment injuries and similar adversities. Are you experiencing prolonged periods of distressing thoughts, memories, dreams or physical reactions? Do you feel detached and avoiding certain people, places, situations? Do you feel chronically tense, numb, sad, helpless, angry? Are you experiencing strong negative reactions to unexpected sounds or touch? These are some of the most frequent reactions reported by my clients after experiencing psychological trauma and attachment injuries. What is post - traumatic growth?
(587) 507-5175 View (587) 507-5175
Photo of Katherine Hannis - Hannis Psychology , Psychologist
Hannis Psychology
Psychologist
Edmonton, AB T6G
I work with adults and young adults who have experienced trauma(s), symptoms of anxiety, depression, grief, life changes, and/or just want support from someone while they navigate life's challenges.
I work with adults and young adults who have experienced trauma(s), symptoms of anxiety, depression, grief, life changes, and/or just want support from someone while they navigate life's challenges.
(587) 418-4571 View (587) 418-4571
Photo of Francess Tassone, Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
Francess Tassone
Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
Edmonton, AB T5G
Feeling anxious or depressed can get in the way of your work and personal life. You might have difficulty sleeping, trouble concentrating, low motivation, and suicidal thoughts. You might find yourself crying often, feeling on edge and easily frustrated. You may prefer to be alone and find it exhausting to respond to friends or family. It can feel like a chore to get up in the morning, and life can feel like more than you can manage. Daily tasks can become overwhelming to tackle, and you may feel shame and guilt about it all. Instead, imagine feeling confident, happy, and enjoying life. The right therapy can lead to these goals.
Feeling anxious or depressed can get in the way of your work and personal life. You might have difficulty sleeping, trouble concentrating, low motivation, and suicidal thoughts. You might find yourself crying often, feeling on edge and easily frustrated. You may prefer to be alone and find it exhausting to respond to friends or family. It can feel like a chore to get up in the morning, and life can feel like more than you can manage. Daily tasks can become overwhelming to tackle, and you may feel shame and guilt about it all. Instead, imagine feeling confident, happy, and enjoying life. The right therapy can lead to these goals.
(587) 507-8750 View (587) 507-8750
Photo of Stephen Bentz, Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC
Stephen Bentz
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5M
I use a client-centered approach to incorporate an individual's values and experiences to collaboratively build treatment goals and a path to success. I strive to provide an inclusive space that allows individuals to present their authentic self throughout the therapy process without fear of how they will be perceived. The therapeutic relationship is the most important part of any therapy work, and I work to build a deep and trusting relationship through empathy, curiosity, and humour. I work with adolescents as well as adults at all stages of life.
I use a client-centered approach to incorporate an individual's values and experiences to collaboratively build treatment goals and a path to success. I strive to provide an inclusive space that allows individuals to present their authentic self throughout the therapy process without fear of how they will be perceived. The therapeutic relationship is the most important part of any therapy work, and I work to build a deep and trusting relationship through empathy, curiosity, and humour. I work with adolescents as well as adults at all stages of life.
(825) 445-8786 View (825) 445-8786
Photo of Jin Seo Kim, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jin Seo Kim
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5N
Hi there! I am a Master of Counselling student, and my goal is to offer a non-judgmental and collaborative space where clients can explore their experiences. I aim to work with you to examine patterns that you find unhelpful, identify new approaches and coping strategies, and support you as you work towards your goals. I strive to incorporate cultural humility, anti-oppressive practice, and an appreciation for every client’s unique identity, experiences, and perspectives. I also have a special interest in the exploration of multiple cultural backgrounds.
Hi there! I am a Master of Counselling student, and my goal is to offer a non-judgmental and collaborative space where clients can explore their experiences. I aim to work with you to examine patterns that you find unhelpful, identify new approaches and coping strategies, and support you as you work towards your goals. I strive to incorporate cultural humility, anti-oppressive practice, and an appreciation for every client’s unique identity, experiences, and perspectives. I also have a special interest in the exploration of multiple cultural backgrounds.
(587) 742-8217 View (587) 742-8217
Photo of Susan Grinder, Psychologist
Susan Grinder
Psychologist
Edmonton, AB T5M
I rely on proven Cognitive Behavioral, Solution-Focused, Narrative, Family Systems, Depth/Jungian, and Clinical Hypnosis Therapy interventions to assist those who are dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, relationship concerns, and other stressful life events. My Client-Centered foundation believes in people's inherent strength and wisdom to recover from adversity.
I rely on proven Cognitive Behavioral, Solution-Focused, Narrative, Family Systems, Depth/Jungian, and Clinical Hypnosis Therapy interventions to assist those who are dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, relationship concerns, and other stressful life events. My Client-Centered foundation believes in people's inherent strength and wisdom to recover from adversity.
(587) 807-0097 View (587) 807-0097
Photo of Bo Cao, Counsellor, MEng, MPS, CCC
Bo Cao
Counsellor, MEng, MPS, CCC
3 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5N
If you're feeling weighed down by unresolved trauma, overwhelming emotions, or difficult relationships—and find it hard to break the patterns holding you back—I’m here to help. With a background in science and engineering, I bring a deep understanding of how the brain and body work together to support you in navigating emotional and behavioral challenges. I specialize in healing from trauma, managing intense emotions, changing maladaptive behavioral patterns, and working through relationship struggles. I also help with stress and anxiety that shows up in the body, including performance-related or movement difficulties.
If you're feeling weighed down by unresolved trauma, overwhelming emotions, or difficult relationships—and find it hard to break the patterns holding you back—I’m here to help. With a background in science and engineering, I bring a deep understanding of how the brain and body work together to support you in navigating emotional and behavioral challenges. I specialize in healing from trauma, managing intense emotions, changing maladaptive behavioral patterns, and working through relationship struggles. I also help with stress and anxiety that shows up in the body, including performance-related or movement difficulties.
(587) 816-6369 View (587) 816-6369
Photo of Mallik Dhadwal, Registered Provisional Psychologist, MACP
Mallik Dhadwal
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MACP
3 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6W
I believe that every individual has set of strengths, skills, beliefs, and values that are unique to them, but sometimes when we are dealing with certain things in our life, it’s hard for us to remember the tools we may have to at our disposal to help us through the challenging time. My hope is that we can work collaboratively to highlight these strengths and skills and furthermore come up with new strategies and skills to help you grow and move forward in life.
I believe that every individual has set of strengths, skills, beliefs, and values that are unique to them, but sometimes when we are dealing with certain things in our life, it’s hard for us to remember the tools we may have to at our disposal to help us through the challenging time. My hope is that we can work collaboratively to highlight these strengths and skills and furthermore come up with new strategies and skills to help you grow and move forward in life.
(825) 535-3758 View (825) 535-3758
Photo of Toni Ajayi, Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC
Toni Ajayi
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC
Edmonton, AB T5M
Are you struggling with constant worry, stress, or overwhelming emotions that make it hard to get through your day? Are you a parent who’s worried about your child’s emotional well-being, or watching your teen struggle with big feelings they don’t know how to manage? Life’s challenges can feel heavy, but with support, gradual shifts can occur as you begin making sense of what you’re going through and begin moving toward meaningful change at your own pace. My goal is to make therapy a place where you feel safe, supported, and truly heard so you can begin building the life you want, one step at a time.
Are you struggling with constant worry, stress, or overwhelming emotions that make it hard to get through your day? Are you a parent who’s worried about your child’s emotional well-being, or watching your teen struggle with big feelings they don’t know how to manage? Life’s challenges can feel heavy, but with support, gradual shifts can occur as you begin making sense of what you’re going through and begin moving toward meaningful change at your own pace. My goal is to make therapy a place where you feel safe, supported, and truly heard so you can begin building the life you want, one step at a time.
(825) 907-1754 View (825) 907-1754
Photo of Tessa Dimnik, Psychologist, MEd
Tessa Dimnik
Psychologist, MEd
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6C
Not accepting new clients
Finding the right therapist is hard. Therapy is hard. Being vulnerable with a stranger is hard! That is why one of my main focuses in therapy is to create an environment of authenticity and empathy - this means that you are going to see me for who I am and I hope this helps you to be comfortable being you! In therapy together, we will work to embrace the authentic you and learn how to be bold moving forward, in whatever that means for you. You are a valuable human being and I will accept you just as you are.
Finding the right therapist is hard. Therapy is hard. Being vulnerable with a stranger is hard! That is why one of my main focuses in therapy is to create an environment of authenticity and empathy - this means that you are going to see me for who I am and I hope this helps you to be comfortable being you! In therapy together, we will work to embrace the authentic you and learn how to be bold moving forward, in whatever that means for you. You are a valuable human being and I will accept you just as you are.
(587) 807-6115 View (587) 807-6115
Photo of Kassie Magyar, Psychologist, MA
Kassie Magyar
Psychologist, MA
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
Kassie comes with a wealth of knowledge from her extensive history of working with children and youth. From running summer camps to being a longstanding volunteer Girl Guide leader, Kassie has experienced supporting children and youth while building resiliency and confidence. Kassie has a passion for working with children, youth and their families to find ways to build on client’s personal strengths and to problem solve the twists and turns of life.
Kassie comes with a wealth of knowledge from her extensive history of working with children and youth. From running summer camps to being a longstanding volunteer Girl Guide leader, Kassie has experienced supporting children and youth while building resiliency and confidence. Kassie has a passion for working with children, youth and their families to find ways to build on client’s personal strengths and to problem solve the twists and turns of life.
(587) 602-2786 View (587) 602-2786
Photo of Alyson Howatt, Psychologist, RPsych
Alyson Howatt
Psychologist, RPsych
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5N
The thing I love most about being a psychologist is watching people make the changes they’re capable of. That’s why I do this work. My passion is simple: help you find and overcome the emotional hurdles that are holding you back. Once we do, you can move forward with confidence—because your emotions and logic are aligned and you don’t have to fight yourself anymore. I work best with people who are capable in many areas but feel stuck when dealing with managing feelings such as overwhelm and anxiety, setting healthy boundaries, believing in their own self-worth, and relationship patterns that won’t break even when you “know better.”
The thing I love most about being a psychologist is watching people make the changes they’re capable of. That’s why I do this work. My passion is simple: help you find and overcome the emotional hurdles that are holding you back. Once we do, you can move forward with confidence—because your emotions and logic are aligned and you don’t have to fight yourself anymore. I work best with people who are capable in many areas but feel stuck when dealing with managing feelings such as overwhelm and anxiety, setting healthy boundaries, believing in their own self-worth, and relationship patterns that won’t break even when you “know better.”
(587) 742-9355 View (587) 742-9355
Photo of Dina Curran, Counsellor, BA, MPCC-P, CT
Dina Curran
Counsellor, BA, MPCC-P, CT
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
In my practice, I support clients who are experiencing anxiety, depression, the effects of past trauma, eating disorders or relationship challenges. I provide a safe, welcoming space where all parts of a person are welcome. I invite you to explore thoughts, feelings, and memories with compassion and curiosity. Using a holistic, client-centred approach, I offer tools, psycho-education and strategies to manage challenges and support greater well-being.
In my practice, I support clients who are experiencing anxiety, depression, the effects of past trauma, eating disorders or relationship challenges. I provide a safe, welcoming space where all parts of a person are welcome. I invite you to explore thoughts, feelings, and memories with compassion and curiosity. Using a holistic, client-centred approach, I offer tools, psycho-education and strategies to manage challenges and support greater well-being.
(825) 254-6969 View (825) 254-6969
Photo of Lyndsay Long, Psychologist, MA Psy
Lyndsay Long
Psychologist, MA Psy
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6W
I have extensive experience working with various types of trauma, including those related to motor vehicle accidents, military service, childhood experiences, relationships, and injuries. I also work with clients navigating anxiety, depression, grief, self-esteem challenges, and anger. My strong background in sports and fitness allows me to connect with athletes and address sports or performance-related challenges that may arise in therapy. I find that people come to therapy because they feel stuck in their pain - they may not know how to move forward, break free from old patterns, or find a healthy way to cope on their own.
I have extensive experience working with various types of trauma, including those related to motor vehicle accidents, military service, childhood experiences, relationships, and injuries. I also work with clients navigating anxiety, depression, grief, self-esteem challenges, and anger. My strong background in sports and fitness allows me to connect with athletes and address sports or performance-related challenges that may arise in therapy. I find that people come to therapy because they feel stuck in their pain - they may not know how to move forward, break free from old patterns, or find a healthy way to cope on their own.
(825) 906-1395 View (825) 906-1395
Photo of Spenser Dion, Registered Provisional Psychologist, BA, MACP
Spenser Dion
Registered Provisional Psychologist, BA, MACP
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6X
Transforming challenges into opportunities for growth is a journey we can embark on together. As a Registered Provisional Psychologist, I strive to foster a collaborative relationship with my clients, valuing their unique perspectives, strengths, and values. I enjoy working with adults, children, adolescents, parents, and families who are facing a variety of challenges that may be impacting their ability to live a healthy and fulfilling life. Whether it’s navigating a major life event, feeling stuck in unhealthy patterns, or striving for personal growth, I’m here to support you on your journey.
Transforming challenges into opportunities for growth is a journey we can embark on together. As a Registered Provisional Psychologist, I strive to foster a collaborative relationship with my clients, valuing their unique perspectives, strengths, and values. I enjoy working with adults, children, adolescents, parents, and families who are facing a variety of challenges that may be impacting their ability to live a healthy and fulfilling life. Whether it’s navigating a major life event, feeling stuck in unhealthy patterns, or striving for personal growth, I’m here to support you on your journey.
(587) 405-9467 View (587) 405-9467
Photo of Tom Nakonechny, Psychologist, MA, RPsych
Tom Nakonechny
Psychologist, MA, RPsych
4 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5H
Many of my clients seek therapy for additional support when encountering unexpected challenges or problems without clear solutions. As a therapist, I focus on establishing a secure relationship with my clients, allowing us to speak candidly and get curious about current struggles. Because of their focus on personal development, many of my clients opt to receive ongoing support to process issues that arise over time.
Many of my clients seek therapy for additional support when encountering unexpected challenges or problems without clear solutions. As a therapist, I focus on establishing a secure relationship with my clients, allowing us to speak candidly and get curious about current struggles. Because of their focus on personal development, many of my clients opt to receive ongoing support to process issues that arise over time.
(587) 805-0307 View (587) 805-0307
Photo of Cory Seibel, Counsellor, MAC
Cory Seibel
Counsellor, MAC
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5W
I am committed to providing you with a safe space in which you can feel free to be honest about yourself, your struggles, and your questions. I believe you deserve to be understood holistically as a complex person and to be supported as you navigate the messy interplay between the various parts of your life. I find joy in helping clients see themselves and their circumstances in a new light, learn to recognize and trust the strength they already possess, and gain a greater sense of freedom and fulfillment in daily life. I am passionate about approaching therapy in a way that honours the spiritual dimension of my clients' lives.
I am committed to providing you with a safe space in which you can feel free to be honest about yourself, your struggles, and your questions. I believe you deserve to be understood holistically as a complex person and to be supported as you navigate the messy interplay between the various parts of your life. I find joy in helping clients see themselves and their circumstances in a new light, learn to recognize and trust the strength they already possess, and gain a greater sense of freedom and fulfillment in daily life. I am passionate about approaching therapy in a way that honours the spiritual dimension of my clients' lives.
(587) 507-4433 View (587) 507-4433
Photo of Roger Thiessen, Counsellor, Roger Thiessen, MPS, CCC
Roger Thiessen
Counsellor, Roger Thiessen, MPS, CCC
Edmonton, AB T6C
Irvin Yalom said, "It's the relationship that heals:" You bring your life experience and I bring a gentle, authentic and non-judgmental presence based in deep listening; together, we will build a relationship that fosters your healing & growth. At some point in our lives, we all go through struggles: trauma, grief, anxiety, depression, addictions, relationship breakdowns. Then there are today's world events. Eventually, we reach the point where we need to heal and grow - to answer the questions, "What does this all mean? Who am I? What is my purpose? How can I be happy? How can I live in harmony with others and with the planet?"
Irvin Yalom said, "It's the relationship that heals:" You bring your life experience and I bring a gentle, authentic and non-judgmental presence based in deep listening; together, we will build a relationship that fosters your healing & growth. At some point in our lives, we all go through struggles: trauma, grief, anxiety, depression, addictions, relationship breakdowns. Then there are today's world events. Eventually, we reach the point where we need to heal and grow - to answer the questions, "What does this all mean? Who am I? What is my purpose? How can I be happy? How can I live in harmony with others and with the planet?"
(825) 462-0140 View (825) 462-0140
Photo of Nicolette Sopcak, Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, MC, CCC, SEP
Nicolette Sopcak
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, MC, CCC, SEP
Online Only
Hi, I’m Nicolette. If you are looking for healing at a deeper level, I would love to connect with you. I work with clients who feel impacted by anxiety, depression, PTSD, relationship issues, stress, and childhood trauma. I enjoy working with adults from all walks of life, particularly with seniors and people who care for others (e.g., health professionals).
Hi, I’m Nicolette. If you are looking for healing at a deeper level, I would love to connect with you. I work with clients who feel impacted by anxiety, depression, PTSD, relationship issues, stress, and childhood trauma. I enjoy working with adults from all walks of life, particularly with seniors and people who care for others (e.g., health professionals).
(587) 409-5748 View (587) 409-5748
Photo of Jody Simpson, Registered Provisional Psychologist, MACP
Jody Simpson
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MACP
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5T
Trauma shapes how we navigate life, but processing it is a powerful step toward healing. Together, we’ll improve emotional regulation, uncover and understand feelings, and develop tailored coping tools that truly work for you. If you’re feeling stuck or unsure where to start, I’ll guide you with a direct, evidence-based approach infused with laughter. I help clients challenge negative thinking, build confidence, and reach meaningful goals. I know it can be scary and uncomfortable to “do the work” and reflect inward, but you don’t have to face it alone—healing is possible, and hope is within reach.
Trauma shapes how we navigate life, but processing it is a powerful step toward healing. Together, we’ll improve emotional regulation, uncover and understand feelings, and develop tailored coping tools that truly work for you. If you’re feeling stuck or unsure where to start, I’ll guide you with a direct, evidence-based approach infused with laughter. I help clients challenge negative thinking, build confidence, and reach meaningful goals. I know it can be scary and uncomfortable to “do the work” and reflect inward, but you don’t have to face it alone—healing is possible, and hope is within reach.
(587) 324-7528 View (587) 324-7528

See more therapy options for Edmonton

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Edmonton, AB

1,000+

Average cost per session

$220

Counsellors in Edmonton, AB who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
79% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
77% Stress
75% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Alberta Blue Cross
67% Green Shield Canada
65% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Edmonton, AB see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Edmonton?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.