Therapists in Edmonton, AB

Photo of Katherine Henderson, Psychologist, MACP, CHT
Katherine Henderson
Psychologist, MACP, CHT
Edmonton, AB T5N
Waitlist for new clients
Are you curious about psychedelic-assisted therapy? Perhaps you have tried other modalities with limited benefits. A paradigm shift in mental health is emerging, with psychedelic medicines positioned as a novel cutting-edge adjunct to psychotherapeutic treatment. Though this therapy is not for everyone, a resurgent wave of scientific research has indicated that psychedelics can be effective in treating a variety of clinical conditions. By accessing expanded states of consciousness, psychedelic medicines can allow us to tap into the internal healing wisdom within and transgress previously embedded limitations.
Are you curious about psychedelic-assisted therapy? Perhaps you have tried other modalities with limited benefits. A paradigm shift in mental health is emerging, with psychedelic medicines positioned as a novel cutting-edge adjunct to psychotherapeutic treatment. Though this therapy is not for everyone, a resurgent wave of scientific research has indicated that psychedelics can be effective in treating a variety of clinical conditions. By accessing expanded states of consciousness, psychedelic medicines can allow us to tap into the internal healing wisdom within and transgress previously embedded limitations.
(587) 600-8993 View (587) 600-8993
Photo of Rupa Ray, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Rupa Ray
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
Rupa has extensive experience supporting some of Edmonton's most diverse and vulnerable communities, including recent immigrants, refugees and survivors of domestic violence. She worked as a family counsellor at Catholic Social Services and as a mental health therapist for Alberta Health Services (Recovery Alberta). She has also been working with dialysis patients at the Nursing School of University of Alberta. She has advanced training in CBT. She is certified to perform Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) for clients with complex trauma and PTSD. She is authorized to perform restricted psycho-social intervention.
Rupa has extensive experience supporting some of Edmonton's most diverse and vulnerable communities, including recent immigrants, refugees and survivors of domestic violence. She worked as a family counsellor at Catholic Social Services and as a mental health therapist for Alberta Health Services (Recovery Alberta). She has also been working with dialysis patients at the Nursing School of University of Alberta. She has advanced training in CBT. She is certified to perform Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) for clients with complex trauma and PTSD. She is authorized to perform restricted psycho-social intervention.
(825) 435-7662 View (825) 435-7662
Photo of Victoria Busetto, Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
Victoria Busetto
Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
4 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
If life feels overwhelming and you don’t know where to start, if you’re struggling with mood, anxiety, self-esteem, difficult past memories, or challenging relationships, I’m here to help. As a Registered Psychologist, I aim to create a warm, welcoming, empathic, and safe environment for you to get what you need out of therapy. I have a direct but playful and gentle approach to my work and strive to tailor my method and pace to each individual. I provide trauma-informed care, incorporating attachment and anti-oppressive perspectives.
If life feels overwhelming and you don’t know where to start, if you’re struggling with mood, anxiety, self-esteem, difficult past memories, or challenging relationships, I’m here to help. As a Registered Psychologist, I aim to create a warm, welcoming, empathic, and safe environment for you to get what you need out of therapy. I have a direct but playful and gentle approach to my work and strive to tailor my method and pace to each individual. I provide trauma-informed care, incorporating attachment and anti-oppressive perspectives.
(587) 209-5667 View (587) 209-5667
Photo of Kimberley Sesink, Psychologist, MSc
Kimberley Sesink
Psychologist, MSc
Edmonton, AB T5M
The heart of my work as a psychologist is to hold space for children, individuals, couples, and families and walk with them towards a thriving life. As a Certified Play Therapist, a practicing Christian, and a Couples and Family Therapist trained in CBT, Emotional Focused Therapies, and Family Systems, I am passionate about creating a safe place where you can explore the difficulties you are experiencing and build a vision of a thriving future.
The heart of my work as a psychologist is to hold space for children, individuals, couples, and families and walk with them towards a thriving life. As a Certified Play Therapist, a practicing Christian, and a Couples and Family Therapist trained in CBT, Emotional Focused Therapies, and Family Systems, I am passionate about creating a safe place where you can explore the difficulties you are experiencing and build a vision of a thriving future.
(825) 904-4016 View (825) 904-4016
Photo of Dawn Israel-Compton, Counsellor, MA, CCC
Dawn Israel-Compton
Counsellor, MA, CCC
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6G
I am committed to supporting you in reaching your goals and will work together with you. I hope that we will create a positive relationship with one another and I commit to listening to you, respecting you, and giving you the space you need to explore your thoughts and move towards discovering new skills and solutions. Change takes courage and first steps are the hardest but I believe that "happiness is an inside job" and I commit to taking this journey together.
I am committed to supporting you in reaching your goals and will work together with you. I hope that we will create a positive relationship with one another and I commit to listening to you, respecting you, and giving you the space you need to explore your thoughts and move towards discovering new skills and solutions. Change takes courage and first steps are the hardest but I believe that "happiness is an inside job" and I commit to taking this journey together.
(866) 398-4475 View (866) 398-4475
Photo of Kelly Erickson, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kelly Erickson
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I approach counselling from a collaborative and client-centered perspective, and employ various modalities, including Emotion Focused Therapy, to aid you in your counselling journey. I am committed to providing all clients with a judgement free, supportive, and compassionate space to explore and navigate thoughts, feelings, and challenges. Together we can work towards change and healing and uncover your personal strengths and inner resilience, which will help you in times of uncertainty.
I approach counselling from a collaborative and client-centered perspective, and employ various modalities, including Emotion Focused Therapy, to aid you in your counselling journey. I am committed to providing all clients with a judgement free, supportive, and compassionate space to explore and navigate thoughts, feelings, and challenges. Together we can work towards change and healing and uncover your personal strengths and inner resilience, which will help you in times of uncertainty.
(825) 824-0236 View (825) 824-0236
Photo of Barna Heer, Psychologist, MC, RPsych
Barna Heer
Psychologist, MC, RPsych
4 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5N
Life can be challenging; we may experience trauma, relationship issues, grief/loss, or significant life changes. I believe the ways we learn to manage or cope with these challenges are important, as they help us survive difficult moments. However, if you find these coping tools are no longer working for you and would like to learn alternative tools, therapy may be an option. I believe that a strong relationship with your therapist is the most important tool to create a foundation for therapy. I will meet you in our sessions with warmth, humour, and empathy in order to build a safe and trusting connection.
Life can be challenging; we may experience trauma, relationship issues, grief/loss, or significant life changes. I believe the ways we learn to manage or cope with these challenges are important, as they help us survive difficult moments. However, if you find these coping tools are no longer working for you and would like to learn alternative tools, therapy may be an option. I believe that a strong relationship with your therapist is the most important tool to create a foundation for therapy. I will meet you in our sessions with warmth, humour, and empathy in order to build a safe and trusting connection.
(780) 306-1604 View (780) 306-1604
Photo of Alysia Elliott, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Alysia Elliott
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6H
Welcome! Reaching out for help is not always an easy thing and it takes a lot of courage to take this first step. If you are here, it means you are already moving towards change and healing. I endeavor to walk alongside you, offering a supportive space where you can feel comfortable and not alone in what you are going through. I am passionate about helping individuals find or rediscover a sense of self-compassion and belonging within themselves. I believe that when we begin to feel more at home within ourselves, we create the foundation for true mental well-being and increase our resilience and connection to others.
Welcome! Reaching out for help is not always an easy thing and it takes a lot of courage to take this first step. If you are here, it means you are already moving towards change and healing. I endeavor to walk alongside you, offering a supportive space where you can feel comfortable and not alone in what you are going through. I am passionate about helping individuals find or rediscover a sense of self-compassion and belonging within themselves. I believe that when we begin to feel more at home within ourselves, we create the foundation for true mental well-being and increase our resilience and connection to others.
(587) 209-5574 View (587) 209-5574
Photo of Melanie Samaroden, Psychologist, MC
Melanie Samaroden
Psychologist, MC
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
Life experiences can hinder our emotional, mental, or spiritual growth, making it difficult to move forward in an effective way. My experience has been working with teens, men, and women and their issues with trauma, addictions, OCD, eating disorders, and anxiety. I am passionate about helping my clients understand how the brain works and taking a strength-based approach to developing skills. The research focus of my thesis was on resiliency in Indigenous adults with FASD. Together, we can find the power within you.
Life experiences can hinder our emotional, mental, or spiritual growth, making it difficult to move forward in an effective way. My experience has been working with teens, men, and women and their issues with trauma, addictions, OCD, eating disorders, and anxiety. I am passionate about helping my clients understand how the brain works and taking a strength-based approach to developing skills. The research focus of my thesis was on resiliency in Indigenous adults with FASD. Together, we can find the power within you.
(825) 602-5188 View (825) 602-5188
Photo of Kip Hildebrand, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Kip Hildebrand
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
I help individuals, youth, and families navigate life’s challenges with compassion, skill, and evidence-based care. I specialize in trauma-informed, attachment-based, and harm reduction approaches. My work is grounded in building strong, trusting relationships where you feel seen, heard, and supported in your growth. In sessions, you can expect a collaborative, non-judgmental space where we identify your goals, build on your strengths, and develop practical tools for change. I integrate psychoeducation, skill development, and emotional processing to help you move toward greater resilience, connection, and well-being.
I help individuals, youth, and families navigate life’s challenges with compassion, skill, and evidence-based care. I specialize in trauma-informed, attachment-based, and harm reduction approaches. My work is grounded in building strong, trusting relationships where you feel seen, heard, and supported in your growth. In sessions, you can expect a collaborative, non-judgmental space where we identify your goals, build on your strengths, and develop practical tools for change. I integrate psychoeducation, skill development, and emotional processing to help you move toward greater resilience, connection, and well-being.
(825) 460-9294 View (825) 460-9294
Photo of Seraphim Mork, Psychologist, PhD
Seraphim Mork
Psychologist, PhD
Edmonton, AB T5M
Assessments and Therapy: I understand and support neurodiversity. I also understand that facing challenges like trauma, anxiety, depression, or learning problems can be overwhelming. It’s okay to seek support, and you don’t have to face it alone. As a doctoral-level psychologist, I provide psychological, neuropsychological, and psychoeducational assessments to help understand your or your child’s unique needs and find the right path forward. I also offer therapy in a safe space where we can work together to address emotions, build resilience, and promote healing. If you're ready to take the next step, I invite you to reach out.
Assessments and Therapy: I understand and support neurodiversity. I also understand that facing challenges like trauma, anxiety, depression, or learning problems can be overwhelming. It’s okay to seek support, and you don’t have to face it alone. As a doctoral-level psychologist, I provide psychological, neuropsychological, and psychoeducational assessments to help understand your or your child’s unique needs and find the right path forward. I also offer therapy in a safe space where we can work together to address emotions, build resilience, and promote healing. If you're ready to take the next step, I invite you to reach out.
(587) 417-6494 View (587) 417-6494
Photo of Lacey Peters, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Lacey Peters
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5T
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or heavy with stress and emotions? Do you find yourself reacting or showing up in a way that does not fit with your goals or what you want for your life? You may be putting others’ needs before your own, which can leave you feeling drained and disconnected. If so, you’re not alone. Many of my clients are experiencing these feelings, and seeking support can be the first step toward finding relief. Together, we can build your capacity, nurture self-compassion, and find a path forward.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or heavy with stress and emotions? Do you find yourself reacting or showing up in a way that does not fit with your goals or what you want for your life? You may be putting others’ needs before your own, which can leave you feeling drained and disconnected. If so, you’re not alone. Many of my clients are experiencing these feelings, and seeking support can be the first step toward finding relief. Together, we can build your capacity, nurture self-compassion, and find a path forward.
(587) 705-0961 View (587) 705-0961
Photo of Bea M.clair, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW
Bea M.clair
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW
4 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
Not accepting new clients
I have a passion to empower others and share a wealth of skills and tools I have learned throughout my own life and education. I want to help each client create a positive, hopeful and fulfilling life. As a registered Social Worker, I have over 10 years of professional experience working with all age groups. My work includes providing different therapies including CBT, DBT, Solution-focused and Client-centered therapy in a Trauma Focused environment. I have also helped clients work through grief and loss, and I believe I am a provider of hope and comfort.
I have a passion to empower others and share a wealth of skills and tools I have learned throughout my own life and education. I want to help each client create a positive, hopeful and fulfilling life. As a registered Social Worker, I have over 10 years of professional experience working with all age groups. My work includes providing different therapies including CBT, DBT, Solution-focused and Client-centered therapy in a Trauma Focused environment. I have also helped clients work through grief and loss, and I believe I am a provider of hope and comfort.
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Photo of Sherri Billey, Counsellor, CT, MPCC
Sherri Billey
Counsellor, CT, MPCC
Edmonton, AB T5P
There is always hope and all parts of you are welcome here! Hi I'm Sherri Billey, a Counseling Therapist and Master Practitioner in Clinical Counselling. My practice is grounded in a person-centered, trauma-informed and neuro-affirming approaches. My lens is non-pathologizing, inclusive, empathetic, and committed to holding space for people from all walks of life. I work from a place of deep respect for your unique story, values and lived experience, and strive to create a space where all parts of you are welcome — especially the ones that have felt silenced or misunderstood.
There is always hope and all parts of you are welcome here! Hi I'm Sherri Billey, a Counseling Therapist and Master Practitioner in Clinical Counselling. My practice is grounded in a person-centered, trauma-informed and neuro-affirming approaches. My lens is non-pathologizing, inclusive, empathetic, and committed to holding space for people from all walks of life. I work from a place of deep respect for your unique story, values and lived experience, and strive to create a space where all parts of you are welcome — especially the ones that have felt silenced or misunderstood.
(587) 741-0007 View (587) 741-0007
Photo of Ellen Robertson - Tandem Psychology, Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
Tandem Psychology
Psychologist, MEd, RPsych
Online Only
We offer a range of psychology services to support children, parents, and families as a whole. Our approach supports the family and empowers parents as agents of change. We provide quality, evidence-based assessments and intervention informed by our background and experience in child development. We work together, with your family, to find solutions that fit and lead to long-lasting impact. We specialize in Autism assessment for children ages 2 and older.
We offer a range of psychology services to support children, parents, and families as a whole. Our approach supports the family and empowers parents as agents of change. We provide quality, evidence-based assessments and intervention informed by our background and experience in child development. We work together, with your family, to find solutions that fit and lead to long-lasting impact. We specialize in Autism assessment for children ages 2 and older.
(825) 608-5412 View (825) 608-5412
Photo of Mirna Malak, Pre-Licensed Professional, BEd, MACP
Mirna Malak
Pre-Licensed Professional, BEd, MACP
Edmonton, AB T6X
Supporting my clients in their healing journey is deeply rewarding, and I am passionate about helping individuals cope with anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem challenges, grief and loss, stress management, effective communication, and setting healthy boundaries. I also guide parents in navigating counselling for their children, providing practical strategies they can implement at home to foster emotional well-being and resilience.
Supporting my clients in their healing journey is deeply rewarding, and I am passionate about helping individuals cope with anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem challenges, grief and loss, stress management, effective communication, and setting healthy boundaries. I also guide parents in navigating counselling for their children, providing practical strategies they can implement at home to foster emotional well-being and resilience.
(825) 251-5447 View (825) 251-5447
Photo of Kiray Forest (Jones-Mollerup), Psychologist, MC, RPsych
Kiray Forest (Jones-Mollerup)
Psychologist, MC, RPsych
Edmonton, AB T5N
Welcome! I’m so glad you’re here. Maybe you’re feeling stuck, as if there aren't enough words to describe everything you’re feeling. Perhaps you’ve noticed that your capacity for day-to-day life just isn’t what it once was. Or maybe you’ve been reflecting on your life experiences and want a place to safely examine the collection of joyful and difficult things you’ve been through. I work with individuals who are seeking to connect more deeply to themselves and others. This often includes helping people to navigate shame, anxiety, negative views of self, relationship challenges, and the impacts of sexual violence and other traumas.
Welcome! I’m so glad you’re here. Maybe you’re feeling stuck, as if there aren't enough words to describe everything you’re feeling. Perhaps you’ve noticed that your capacity for day-to-day life just isn’t what it once was. Or maybe you’ve been reflecting on your life experiences and want a place to safely examine the collection of joyful and difficult things you’ve been through. I work with individuals who are seeking to connect more deeply to themselves and others. This often includes helping people to navigate shame, anxiety, negative views of self, relationship challenges, and the impacts of sexual violence and other traumas.
(587) 809-6814 View (587) 809-6814
Canniff and Associates
Psychologist
Edmonton, AB T5M
Canniff & Associates provides a wide range of services to men, women, children & adolescents, through individual, couples, family, and group counselling in areas such as depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, abuse, addictions, grief & loss, family systems, & school/educational settings. We also provide intervention & assessment services for schools, professional associations, & EFAP plans. we offer an array of assessment services, including Psycho-Educational, Learning Disability, Personality, & Parenting matters.
Canniff & Associates provides a wide range of services to men, women, children & adolescents, through individual, couples, family, and group counselling in areas such as depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, abuse, addictions, grief & loss, family systems, & school/educational settings. We also provide intervention & assessment services for schools, professional associations, & EFAP plans. we offer an array of assessment services, including Psycho-Educational, Learning Disability, Personality, & Parenting matters.
(587) 812-8374 View (587) 812-8374
Photo of Carla Kruger, Counsellor, MA, CCC
Carla Kruger
Counsellor, MA, CCC
Edmonton, AB T5N
Hello, I'm Carla, and I'm here to remind you that you are not alone. If you are feeling overwhelmed and isolated in your emotional pain. Please know that support is available.
Hello, I'm Carla, and I'm here to remind you that you are not alone. If you are feeling overwhelmed and isolated in your emotional pain. Please know that support is available.
(825) 445-7583 View (825) 445-7583
Photo of Billie-Jo Guidi (Stewart), Psychologist, RPsych, MA
Billie-Jo Guidi (Stewart)
Psychologist, RPsych, MA
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6B
Not accepting new clients
I value working with adult individuals from all walks of life. I have 17 plus years working in the Addiction and Mental Health field. Whether you are feeling stuck, ambivalent or confused we can explore ways together to achieve your own hopes and dreams. I provide a safe and collaborative environment that fosters exploring change and growth. My style is warm, supportive and nurturing. I strive to treat all of my clients with unconditional acceptance and compassion. I hope we as a team together will be active in pursuing your personal goals for therapy.
I value working with adult individuals from all walks of life. I have 17 plus years working in the Addiction and Mental Health field. Whether you are feeling stuck, ambivalent or confused we can explore ways together to achieve your own hopes and dreams. I provide a safe and collaborative environment that fosters exploring change and growth. My style is warm, supportive and nurturing. I strive to treat all of my clients with unconditional acceptance and compassion. I hope we as a team together will be active in pursuing your personal goals for therapy.
(587) 742-0551 x2 View (587) 742-0551 x2

See more therapy options for Edmonton

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Edmonton, AB

1,000+

Average cost per session

$220

Counsellors in Edmonton, AB who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
79% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
77% Stress
74% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Alberta Blue Cross
67% Green Shield Canada
65% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Edmonton, AB see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Edmonton?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.