Therapists in Edmonton, AB

Photo of Andrew Saliba, Counsellor, MAC, APC, CCC
Andrew Saliba
Counsellor, MAC, APC, CCC
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5W
If you’ve been feeling anxious, depressed, alone, angry, or overwhelmed, it may be affecting your personal or your professional life. Perhaps it feels like something is just off, or just you aren’t feeling as good as you’d like. Problems like these can be difficult to pin-point. Can you relate to any of these: feeling low, loss of interest, lack of energy, less self-confidence, a sense of guilt, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, trouble sleeping, or changes in appetite? Perhaps it would just be nice to get to the bottom of things so you can feel less disconnected, less alone, or less on edge.
If you’ve been feeling anxious, depressed, alone, angry, or overwhelmed, it may be affecting your personal or your professional life. Perhaps it feels like something is just off, or just you aren’t feeling as good as you’d like. Problems like these can be difficult to pin-point. Can you relate to any of these: feeling low, loss of interest, lack of energy, less self-confidence, a sense of guilt, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, trouble sleeping, or changes in appetite? Perhaps it would just be nice to get to the bottom of things so you can feel less disconnected, less alone, or less on edge.
(587) 921-1546 View (587) 921-1546
Photo of Whitney Ireland, Psychologist, MA
Whitney Ireland
Psychologist, MA
3 Endorsed
Online Only
H! I'm glad you're here. I'm Whitney, and I'm a Registered Psychologist. I work with adults on a range of concerns. In all my work, I am guided by the following values: honesty, curiosity, and fun. In therapy, this means that I aim to be transparent about what we're doing and why (if you're someone who needs to know the why before you engage in something, I see you); I seek feedback from clients to ensure therapy is meeting their needs and adapt the process when needed. I also take the opportunity to use creativity and humour to enhance therapy.
H! I'm glad you're here. I'm Whitney, and I'm a Registered Psychologist. I work with adults on a range of concerns. In all my work, I am guided by the following values: honesty, curiosity, and fun. In therapy, this means that I aim to be transparent about what we're doing and why (if you're someone who needs to know the why before you engage in something, I see you); I seek feedback from clients to ensure therapy is meeting their needs and adapt the process when needed. I also take the opportunity to use creativity and humour to enhance therapy.
(825) 250-3771 View (825) 250-3771
Photo of Noga Liron - Noga Liron Psychologist & Happiness Coach, Psychologist, BA, MEd, RPsych
Noga Liron Psychologist & Happiness Coach
Psychologist, BA, MEd, RPsych
Edmonton, AB T6H
Life is beautiful...but it can also be hard at times. You can feel proud that you have the self-caring courage to reach out for some help and guidance. It can feel so good to have someone in your corner, helping you to feel happier with yourself and how you are showing up in your life. That is my specialty! I love helping my clients shift negative self-beliefs; remove life blocks; get unstuck; feel more confident and esteemed; heal painful emotions and experiences; develop more effective living/coping skills; work through dreaded fear and anxiety; feel more connected in relationships... and enjoy life a lot more!
Life is beautiful...but it can also be hard at times. You can feel proud that you have the self-caring courage to reach out for some help and guidance. It can feel so good to have someone in your corner, helping you to feel happier with yourself and how you are showing up in your life. That is my specialty! I love helping my clients shift negative self-beliefs; remove life blocks; get unstuck; feel more confident and esteemed; heal painful emotions and experiences; develop more effective living/coping skills; work through dreaded fear and anxiety; feel more connected in relationships... and enjoy life a lot more!
(780) 455-1313 View (780) 455-1313
Photo of Felicia Tatuh, Registered Social Worker, MSW
Felicia Tatuh
Registered Social Worker, MSW
Online Only
Many individuals grappling with mental health challenges—such as depression, anxiety, and stress—often experience feelings of embarrassment and stigma. Those facing issues like domestic violence, relationship conflicts, addiction, suicidal thoughts, or anger management may feel alone and uncertain about where to turn for support.
Many individuals grappling with mental health challenges—such as depression, anxiety, and stress—often experience feelings of embarrassment and stigma. Those facing issues like domestic violence, relationship conflicts, addiction, suicidal thoughts, or anger management may feel alone and uncertain about where to turn for support.
(825) 255-8528 View (825) 255-8528
Photo of Kerry Bezzanno, Registered Provisional Psychologist, MACP, CCC, CCTP
Kerry Bezzanno
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MACP, CCC, CCTP
Edmonton, AB T6W
I’m a Registered Provisional Psychologist, as well as a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and EMDR-trained clinician, and have also trained with Dr. Gary Namie from the Workplace Bullying Institute. I take an eclectic approach from a person-centred theoretical perspective, and I attune my approach to clients' unique needs while drawing upon cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), compassion-focused therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and solution-focused therapy (SFT) interventions.
I’m a Registered Provisional Psychologist, as well as a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and EMDR-trained clinician, and have also trained with Dr. Gary Namie from the Workplace Bullying Institute. I take an eclectic approach from a person-centred theoretical perspective, and I attune my approach to clients' unique needs while drawing upon cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), compassion-focused therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and solution-focused therapy (SFT) interventions.
(587) 742-0150 View (587) 742-0150
Photo of Kaytlyn Morris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Kaytlyn Morris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Edmonton, AB T6C
I work to assist people with exploring their experiences regarding anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss. I practice from a strength-based, trauma-informed, and client-centred approach. I offer therapeutic space for challenging stories and emotions to be expressed, witnessed, released, and healed. I emphasize the connection between physical, mental, social, and cultural principles in an individual's overall wellbeing.
I work to assist people with exploring their experiences regarding anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss. I practice from a strength-based, trauma-informed, and client-centred approach. I offer therapeutic space for challenging stories and emotions to be expressed, witnessed, released, and healed. I emphasize the connection between physical, mental, social, and cultural principles in an individual's overall wellbeing.
(825) 804-4482 View (825) 804-4482
Photo of Amanda Robinson, Registered Provisional Psychologist, BA, MC
Amanda Robinson
Registered Provisional Psychologist, BA, MC
Edmonton, AB T5T
Welcome! Throughout my life, I have personally overcome poverty, complex trauma, and profound grief and loss. It is from these experiences that I developed the perspective that we all have the capacity to find purpose and meaning. I believe in the collaborative nature of the therapeutic relationship. I have experience working with clients from diverse backgrounds presenting with ADHD, CPTSD, intergenerational and historical trauma, childhood trauma, grief and loss, depression, anxiety, interpersonal relationship challenges, intimate partner violence, imposter syndrome, burnout, emotional dysregulation, and substance use disorder.
Welcome! Throughout my life, I have personally overcome poverty, complex trauma, and profound grief and loss. It is from these experiences that I developed the perspective that we all have the capacity to find purpose and meaning. I believe in the collaborative nature of the therapeutic relationship. I have experience working with clients from diverse backgrounds presenting with ADHD, CPTSD, intergenerational and historical trauma, childhood trauma, grief and loss, depression, anxiety, interpersonal relationship challenges, intimate partner violence, imposter syndrome, burnout, emotional dysregulation, and substance use disorder.
(825) 450-6485 View (825) 450-6485
Photo of Lily Le - DiveThru, Psychologist
DiveThru
Psychologist
3 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
Hi! We’re DiveThru, and we’re on a mission to ensure no one struggles alone. Through our in-person Studios (Whyte Ave, Windermere, Central and St. Albert) and online platforms (AB, BC and ON), we offer mental health support designed with you in mind. Whether you're looking for therapy or a psychological assessment, we're here to support you. Our matching tool connects you to a therapist who is the right fit for your needs.
Hi! We’re DiveThru, and we’re on a mission to ensure no one struggles alone. Through our in-person Studios (Whyte Ave, Windermere, Central and St. Albert) and online platforms (AB, BC and ON), we offer mental health support designed with you in mind. Whether you're looking for therapy or a psychological assessment, we're here to support you. Our matching tool connects you to a therapist who is the right fit for your needs.
(825) 250-3747 View (825) 250-3747
Photo of Claudia Maria Vasquez, Registered Provisional Psychologist, BA, MC
Claudia Maria Vasquez
Registered Provisional Psychologist, BA, MC
3 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5K
Claudia is dedicated to fostering a caring, trusting, and supportive environment where clients feel safe to explore their concerns and worries. Claudia recognizes that each individual is the expert in their own life and works collaboratively to provide the support and guidance needed to navigate challenges effectively. Within her practice, Claudia utilizes an integrative approach tailored to meet the unique needs of her clients while exploring their values, life experiences, and goals.
Claudia is dedicated to fostering a caring, trusting, and supportive environment where clients feel safe to explore their concerns and worries. Claudia recognizes that each individual is the expert in their own life and works collaboratively to provide the support and guidance needed to navigate challenges effectively. Within her practice, Claudia utilizes an integrative approach tailored to meet the unique needs of her clients while exploring their values, life experiences, and goals.
(825) 465-0295 View (825) 465-0295
Photo of Joseph Showole, Counsellor, Bsc, MA, CCC
Joseph Showole
Counsellor, Bsc, MA, CCC
4 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5K
Life’s journey can often present challenges that feel overwhelming to navigate alone. I recognize the bravery it takes to confront these hurdles and within the sanctuary of the therapeutic space I provide, your experiences will not only be acknowledged but deeply respected. You deserve a place where your voice is heard, your experiences validated and your journey supported. Together, let’s unravel the complexities, fortify your resilience, and chart a course toward healing and fulfillment.
Life’s journey can often present challenges that feel overwhelming to navigate alone. I recognize the bravery it takes to confront these hurdles and within the sanctuary of the therapeutic space I provide, your experiences will not only be acknowledged but deeply respected. You deserve a place where your voice is heard, your experiences validated and your journey supported. Together, let’s unravel the complexities, fortify your resilience, and chart a course toward healing and fulfillment.
(825) 525-1990 View (825) 525-1990
Photo of Megan Just-Mancini, Psychologist, PsyD, MA, BSc
Megan Just-Mancini
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, BSc
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6X
Not accepting new clients
I’m Dr. Just-Mancini and a registered psychologist in Alberta. I adopt a strengths-based, client-centered approach to empower you to reach your goals and flourish. Viewing the client as the expert, I believe in collaborating with important people in your life, such as parents, doctors, and schools. I work with children over 6 years-old, adolescents, families, and adults, as well as persons from all cultures, ethnicities, sexual orientations, and gender identities. My primary areas of expertise include anxiety, perfectionism, depression, and supporting families to address patterns that make it difficult to communicate and connect.
I’m Dr. Just-Mancini and a registered psychologist in Alberta. I adopt a strengths-based, client-centered approach to empower you to reach your goals and flourish. Viewing the client as the expert, I believe in collaborating with important people in your life, such as parents, doctors, and schools. I work with children over 6 years-old, adolescents, families, and adults, as well as persons from all cultures, ethnicities, sexual orientations, and gender identities. My primary areas of expertise include anxiety, perfectionism, depression, and supporting families to address patterns that make it difficult to communicate and connect.
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Photo of Rebecca Laarz, Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC
Rebecca Laarz
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5S
Would you like to feel more comfortable with who you are and your place in the world? Life is full of challenges that knock us down and cause us to lose our sense of self. I am here to help you through the challenging times. My approach is grounded in a deep understanding of human behavior, combined with a compassionate, client-centered perspective. I will meet you where you are at and together we will navigate the difficult road to healing. As a former educator with a background in trauma, I love working with teachers and I have lots of experience supporting kids and parents through difficult challenges in their lives.
Would you like to feel more comfortable with who you are and your place in the world? Life is full of challenges that knock us down and cause us to lose our sense of self. I am here to help you through the challenging times. My approach is grounded in a deep understanding of human behavior, combined with a compassionate, client-centered perspective. I will meet you where you are at and together we will navigate the difficult road to healing. As a former educator with a background in trauma, I love working with teachers and I have lots of experience supporting kids and parents through difficult challenges in their lives.
(587) 742-6252 View (587) 742-6252
Photo of Shirwa Ali, Registered Provisional Psychologist, MA
Shirwa Ali
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MA
Edmonton, AB T6V
I am committed to helping people navigate their mental and emotional challenges. I firmly believe that every person deserves a safe and supportive environment to explore their inner world and develop strategies for personal growth and healing. My goal is to walk with you on your journey with compassion, empathy and non-judgment.
I am committed to helping people navigate their mental and emotional challenges. I firmly believe that every person deserves a safe and supportive environment to explore their inner world and develop strategies for personal growth and healing. My goal is to walk with you on your journey with compassion, empathy and non-judgment.
(825) 305-1703 View (825) 305-1703
Photo of Lisa Curial, Psychologist, RPsych
Lisa Curial
Psychologist, RPsych
Edmonton, AB T6E
Services I currently offer individuals include: Psychoeducational Assessments, ADHD Assessment, Autism Diagnosis, Learning Disability Diagnosis. I have worked with children of a wide range of differences and ages and have extensive experience working with children of varying differences such as: ASD, learning disabilities, behavioural difficulties, ADHD, ODD, gifted students and those with social/emotional difficulties.
Services I currently offer individuals include: Psychoeducational Assessments, ADHD Assessment, Autism Diagnosis, Learning Disability Diagnosis. I have worked with children of a wide range of differences and ages and have extensive experience working with children of varying differences such as: ASD, learning disabilities, behavioural difficulties, ADHD, ODD, gifted students and those with social/emotional difficulties.
(825) 435-1417 View (825) 435-1417
Photo of Tracy Palmquist - Palmquist Psychology Services, Psychologist, MA
Palmquist Psychology Services
Psychologist, MA
Edmonton, AB T6C
Waitlist for new clients
I have a strong interest in working with adolescents and adults who are struggling with substance use issues. Working from a client-centered, harm reduction approach, I am committed to assisting you in achieving a better quality of life. I am also passionate about helping others deal with grief and loss, relationship issues, depression and anxiety, and I believe all individuals have the capacity and strength to change and achieve their goals.
I have a strong interest in working with adolescents and adults who are struggling with substance use issues. Working from a client-centered, harm reduction approach, I am committed to assisting you in achieving a better quality of life. I am also passionate about helping others deal with grief and loss, relationship issues, depression and anxiety, and I believe all individuals have the capacity and strength to change and achieve their goals.
(855) 829-5889 View (855) 829-5889
Photo of Jessica Blake, Psychologist, MEd , RPsych, CST
Jessica Blake
Psychologist, MEd , RPsych, CST
Edmonton, AB T6E
Customer service is not a term you may automatically think of when you hear psychological services, but to me, you cannot have one without the other. I pride myself on customer service, and work hard to deliver all of my psychological services in a customer focused and driven environment. Together we can work on solutions that are of value to you for any difficulties and dilemmas you are facing. I am team orientated, and believe in a collaborative process, especially when working with children & parents, and I understand how challenging this process can be. I want us to meet your counseling and life goals together.
Customer service is not a term you may automatically think of when you hear psychological services, but to me, you cannot have one without the other. I pride myself on customer service, and work hard to deliver all of my psychological services in a customer focused and driven environment. Together we can work on solutions that are of value to you for any difficulties and dilemmas you are facing. I am team orientated, and believe in a collaborative process, especially when working with children & parents, and I understand how challenging this process can be. I want us to meet your counseling and life goals together.
(587) 315-5539 View (587) 315-5539
Photo of Pina Martinovich, Psychologist, BSc, MEd, MA
Pina Martinovich
Psychologist, BSc, MEd, MA
Edmonton, AB T5K
I am a Registered Psychologist who is passionate about helping children, adolescents and young adults with emotional, academic and behavioral difficulties. I have been an educator and school counselor for the past 30 years and I am cognizant of the struggles that some children or youth experience in the regular school system. My experiences as a classroom teacher and school counselor have prompted a desire to work with students with learning, emotional and behavioral challenges in conjunction with their families.
I am a Registered Psychologist who is passionate about helping children, adolescents and young adults with emotional, academic and behavioral difficulties. I have been an educator and school counselor for the past 30 years and I am cognizant of the struggles that some children or youth experience in the regular school system. My experiences as a classroom teacher and school counselor have prompted a desire to work with students with learning, emotional and behavioral challenges in conjunction with their families.
(587) 806-3702 View (587) 806-3702
Photo of Eric Luther Krepstekies, Psychologist, MA
Eric Luther Krepstekies
Psychologist, MA
5 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T5M
I am a registered psychologist working in Edmonton. I work primarily with individual adults and couples, but I have experience with children, and families as well. I have over 6 years experience working with complex clients with intricate problems and I have provided mentorship and supervision to student therapists. My main areas of focus are relationships, anxiety, depression, and trauma, as well as men & women's issues, which covers a wide variety of topics, such as, but not limited to: sexual abuse & trauma, sexual identity & orientation, intimacy issues, infidelity, pornography addiction and sexual disorders.
I am a registered psychologist working in Edmonton. I work primarily with individual adults and couples, but I have experience with children, and families as well. I have over 6 years experience working with complex clients with intricate problems and I have provided mentorship and supervision to student therapists. My main areas of focus are relationships, anxiety, depression, and trauma, as well as men & women's issues, which covers a wide variety of topics, such as, but not limited to: sexual abuse & trauma, sexual identity & orientation, intimacy issues, infidelity, pornography addiction and sexual disorders.
(587) 210-2294 View (587) 210-2294
Photo of Celeste Sinclaire, Psychologist, MA , RPsych
Celeste Sinclaire
Psychologist, MA , RPsych
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6E
Often times in life we can experience personal challenges. These challenges can include losses and trauma. They can leave us feeling anxious or depressed. Counselling can help one make sense of what they have been through. Times of struggle and loss can force us to look inward to re evaluate what has meaning for us and perhaps find out what is our purpose. I have experience working with CAF, First Responders and Vets, as well as people who have experienced childhood trauma. Whatever the challenge we can work together to help you heal and come into wholeness.
Often times in life we can experience personal challenges. These challenges can include losses and trauma. They can leave us feeling anxious or depressed. Counselling can help one make sense of what they have been through. Times of struggle and loss can force us to look inward to re evaluate what has meaning for us and perhaps find out what is our purpose. I have experience working with CAF, First Responders and Vets, as well as people who have experienced childhood trauma. Whatever the challenge we can work together to help you heal and come into wholeness.
(587) 802-5551 View (587) 802-5551
Photo of Jaime Juister, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Jaime Juister
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Edmonton, AB T5Y
Are you feeling there are areas of your life that are not as fulfilling as they could be? Maybe your struggling with your sex life, or anxiety is making you feel overwhelmed and unmotivated? Unhappiness in one area of our lives can negatively affect all areas of our lives. My passion is providing therapy to clients in the following areas to help improve their overall wellbeing: healthy relationship connection, sex therapy, infidelity, unhealthy attachments styles, conflict resolution, anxiety, low motivation, addictions, fetishes, BDSM, Kink,pre-marital counseling, co-parenting, working through separations, and ethical non-monogamy.
Are you feeling there are areas of your life that are not as fulfilling as they could be? Maybe your struggling with your sex life, or anxiety is making you feel overwhelmed and unmotivated? Unhappiness in one area of our lives can negatively affect all areas of our lives. My passion is providing therapy to clients in the following areas to help improve their overall wellbeing: healthy relationship connection, sex therapy, infidelity, unhealthy attachments styles, conflict resolution, anxiety, low motivation, addictions, fetishes, BDSM, Kink,pre-marital counseling, co-parenting, working through separations, and ethical non-monogamy.
(587) 849-4428 View (587) 849-4428
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See more therapy options for Edmonton

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Edmonton, AB

1,000+

Average cost per session

$216

Counsellors in Edmonton, AB who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
80% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
77% Stress
73% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Alberta Blue Cross
65% Green Shield Canada
62% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Edmonton, AB see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Edmonton?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.