Support Groups in Warkworth, ON

I run virtual group sessions, where veterans connect with others who get it. These groups are structured, confidential, and built around issues that hit close to home, like identity after service, emotional regulation, or rebuilding relationships. Whether you're ready to speak or just need a place to listen, Redoubt is your space to decompress, reconnect, and rebuild.
Photo of Joe Ann Kortman, Registered Social Service Worker, BA, BEd , RSSW
Hosted by Joe Ann Kortman
Registered Social Service Worker, BA, BEd , RSSW
Group meets in Warkworth, ON K0K
I run virtual group sessions, where veterans connect with others who get it. These groups are structured, confidential, and built around issues that hit close to home, like identity after service, emotional regulation, or rebuilding relationships. Whether you're ready to speak or just need a place to listen, Redoubt is your space to decompress, reconnect, and rebuild.
(705) 996-6375 View (705) 996-6375

More Groups Nearby

Breaking the Cycle is an 8-week therapy group for men who want to overcome unhealthy habits and regain control of their lives. Whether you're struggling with pornography, alcohol, gambling, cannabis, gaming, or other compulsive behaviours, this group combines evidence-based strategies, practical skill-building, and peer support to help you understand the root causes of addiction, manage cravings, and create lasting change. You'll leave with a personalized recovery plan and practical tools to build a healthier, more intentional life.
Photo of Matthew Mascioli - First Step Men's Therapy - Get Started Today!, Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
Hosted by First Step Men's Therapy - Get Started Today!
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
Group meets in Belleville, ON K8N
Breaking the Cycle is an 8-week therapy group for men who want to overcome unhealthy habits and regain control of their lives. Whether you're struggling with pornography, alcohol, gambling, cannabis, gaming, or other compulsive behaviours, this group combines evidence-based strategies, practical skill-building, and peer support to help you understand the root causes of addiction, manage cravings, and create lasting change. You'll leave with a personalized recovery plan and practical tools to build a healthier, more intentional life.
(365) 364-0830 View (365) 364-0830
This is an open small group, max 5 ppl. If you find yourself feeling mentally exhausted, replaying conversations, anticipating worst-case scenarios, trying to “figure it out” but getting nowhere, or struggle in your relationships, group therapy might be a good fit. This group is for people who are ready to move beyond insight and begin doing things differently. Location: Belleville (in-person), Group size: 5–6 ppl. Duration: on-going. If interested, I invite you to reach out to schedule a brief 10–15 minute call to see if this group is a good fit for you.
Photo of Lynn Trauzzi, Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
Hosted by Lynn Trauzzi
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
Group meets in Belleville, ON K8N
This is an open small group, max 5 ppl. If you find yourself feeling mentally exhausted, replaying conversations, anticipating worst-case scenarios, trying to “figure it out” but getting nowhere, or struggle in your relationships, group therapy might be a good fit. This group is for people who are ready to move beyond insight and begin doing things differently. Location: Belleville (in-person), Group size: 5–6 ppl. Duration: on-going. If interested, I invite you to reach out to schedule a brief 10–15 minute call to see if this group is a good fit for you.
(289) 207-7655 View (289) 207-7655
4 Session Weight Loss Program...ONLINE $300 + HST. Retrain your mind and body to be satisfied on smaller portions! Address old beliefs that are keeping you stuck! Regain control of your eating in a safe way; no dieting, no pills, no surgery! You MUST call (613-394-0782 or 1-855-248-4544) or e-mail (abrown.rp@gmail.com) to schedule appointments in advance! *NOTE: This program is taken live Online from the comfort of your own home or office!
Photo of Anita Brown - Anita Brown - Counselling and Therapy, Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CH
Hosted by Anita Brown - Counselling and Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CH
Group meets in Belleville, ON K8N
4 Session Weight Loss Program...ONLINE $300 + HST. Retrain your mind and body to be satisfied on smaller portions! Address old beliefs that are keeping you stuck! Regain control of your eating in a safe way; no dieting, no pills, no surgery! You MUST call (613-394-0782 or 1-855-248-4544) or e-mail (abrown.rp@gmail.com) to schedule appointments in advance! *NOTE: This program is taken live Online from the comfort of your own home or office!
(855) 248-4544 View (855) 248-4544
LivingWorks Applied Suicide Intervention Training workshops can be arranged for your organization or group, tailored to the needs of your staff, volunteers or members. Our training team can support you with workshop logistics, promotion and a tailored training experience that fits with your existing suicide prevention initiatives or priorities. This 2-day training is designed to help people develop skills to support people with thoughts of suicide.
Photo of Lethicia Foadjo - LK Psychotherapy & Clinical Services, Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Hosted by LK Psychotherapy & Clinical Services
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Group meets in Belleville, ON K8N
LivingWorks Applied Suicide Intervention Training workshops can be arranged for your organization or group, tailored to the needs of your staff, volunteers or members. Our training team can support you with workshop logistics, promotion and a tailored training experience that fits with your existing suicide prevention initiatives or priorities. This 2-day training is designed to help people develop skills to support people with thoughts of suicide.
(289) 216-5064 View (289) 216-5064
Smart Recovery Group--Free Wednesdays from 1:30-3pm at the Picton Library
Photo of Matthew Harris, Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Hosted by Matthew Harris
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Group meets in Prince Edward, ON K0K
Smart Recovery Group--Free Wednesdays from 1:30-3pm at the Picton Library
(343) 500-8759 View (343) 500-8759
4 Session Alcohol Reduction Program...ONLINE $300 + HST. Retrain your mind and body to be satisfied with less alcohol! Address old beliefs that are keeping you stuck! Regain control of your drinking in safe, non-destructive ways! You MUST call (613-394-0782 or 1-855-248-4544) or e-mail (abrown.rp@gmail.com) to schedule appointments in advance! *NOTE: This program is taken live Online from the comfort of your own home or office! (Regular cost $510 + HST)
Photo of Anita Brown - Anita Brown - Counselling and Therapy, Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CH
Hosted by Anita Brown - Counselling and Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CH
Group meets in Belleville, ON K8N
4 Session Alcohol Reduction Program...ONLINE $300 + HST. Retrain your mind and body to be satisfied with less alcohol! Address old beliefs that are keeping you stuck! Regain control of your drinking in safe, non-destructive ways! You MUST call (613-394-0782 or 1-855-248-4544) or e-mail (abrown.rp@gmail.com) to schedule appointments in advance! *NOTE: This program is taken live Online from the comfort of your own home or office! (Regular cost $510 + HST)
(855) 248-4544 View (855) 248-4544

Online Groups

For children in grades 6-8 who may be feeling overwhelmed, stressed, or anxious. This workshop is designed to help youth understand: what anxiety really is, practical coping tools, build confidence in managing daily stress, feel seen, heard and supported.
Photo of Julia Evelyn Falzarano, Registered Social Worker, HBSW, MSW, RSW
Hosted by Julia Evelyn Falzarano
Registered Social Worker, HBSW, MSW, RSW
Group meets in Pickering, ON L1V
For children in grades 6-8 who may be feeling overwhelmed, stressed, or anxious. This workshop is designed to help youth understand: what anxiety really is, practical coping tools, build confidence in managing daily stress, feel seen, heard and supported.
(289) 724-1634 View (289) 724-1634
Using visualization, guided meditation and breathing techniques, connect with your inner self to understand the source of your obstacles and provide what you truly need. Share feedback and engage in community support to strengthen resilience, understanding and compassion for self and other. Heal The Source, Heal the World!
Photo of Vincent Cheng, Registered Psychotherapist
Hosted by Vincent Cheng
Registered Psychotherapist
Group meets in Ajax, ON L1T
Using visualization, guided meditation and breathing techniques, connect with your inner self to understand the source of your obstacles and provide what you truly need. Share feedback and engage in community support to strengthen resilience, understanding and compassion for self and other. Heal The Source, Heal the World!
(647) 691-0628 View (647) 691-0628
It's time to reconnect with yourself MAMA! Join us on at the sacred Howe Island Yurt for a well deserved day away to learn, reflect and reconnect through discussion, journaling, reiki and yoga. During our time together we will focus on the shifts in identity; managing expectations and "mom guilt"; navigating relationship dynamics; coping with loss/grief and reconnecting to who we were before we became "Mama".
Photo of Kyla Balderson - Kyla Balderson - Wellness Within , Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW, BSW, PMH-C
Hosted by Kyla Balderson - Wellness Within
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW, BSW, PMH-C
Group meets in Gananoque, ON K7G
It's time to reconnect with yourself MAMA! Join us on at the sacred Howe Island Yurt for a well deserved day away to learn, reflect and reconnect through discussion, journaling, reiki and yoga. During our time together we will focus on the shifts in identity; managing expectations and "mom guilt"; navigating relationship dynamics; coping with loss/grief and reconnecting to who we were before we became "Mama".
View
Breaking the Cycle is an 8-week therapy group for men who want to overcome unhealthy habits and regain control of their lives. Whether you're struggling with pornography, alcohol, gambling, cannabis, gaming, or other compulsive behaviours, this group combines evidence-based strategies, practical skill-building, and peer support to help you understand the root causes of addiction, manage cravings, and create lasting change. You'll leave with a personalized recovery plan and practical tools to build a healthier, more intentional life.
Photo of Adam Gelinas - First Step Men's Therapy, Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, ASAT, EMDR
Hosted by First Step Men's Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, ASAT, EMDR
Group meets in Uxbridge, ON L9P
Breaking the Cycle is an 8-week therapy group for men who want to overcome unhealthy habits and regain control of their lives. Whether you're struggling with pornography, alcohol, gambling, cannabis, gaming, or other compulsive behaviours, this group combines evidence-based strategies, practical skill-building, and peer support to help you understand the root causes of addiction, manage cravings, and create lasting change. You'll leave with a personalized recovery plan and practical tools to build a healthier, more intentional life.
(289) 301-8375 View (289) 301-8375
8 Week Group for Female Identified Youth Age 16 -18 By sharing in community we will learn to love ourselves through practicing self compassion, setting boundaries, exploring the roles of social media/patriarchy/capitalism on our self concept and body image, building our emotional awareness & resilience, tuning into and trusting our intuition, and empowering ourselves and our sisters
Photo of Terri Nickle, Registered Social Worker, BA hon, MSW, RSW
Hosted by Terri Nickle
Registered Social Worker, BA hon, MSW, RSW
Group meets in Peterborough, ON K9H
8 Week Group for Female Identified Youth Age 16 -18 By sharing in community we will learn to love ourselves through practicing self compassion, setting boundaries, exploring the roles of social media/patriarchy/capitalism on our self concept and body image, building our emotional awareness & resilience, tuning into and trusting our intuition, and empowering ourselves and our sisters
(249) 202-8488 View (249) 202-8488
This workshop will help you better understand your nervous system and how it responds to stress, safety, and connection. You’ll learn the basics of the different nervous system states: feeling safe and connected, activated or anxious (fight or flight), and shut down or frozen. We’ll also explore practical ways to support your nervous system using tools like humming, movement, breath-work, meditation, and self-massage.
Photo of Sarah Drost, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Hosted by Sarah Drost
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Group meets in Pickering, ON L1V
This workshop will help you better understand your nervous system and how it responds to stress, safety, and connection. You’ll learn the basics of the different nervous system states: feeling safe and connected, activated or anxious (fight or flight), and shut down or frozen. We’ll also explore practical ways to support your nervous system using tools like humming, movement, breath-work, meditation, and self-massage.
(289) 205-9568 View (289) 205-9568
This group is for neurodivergent women to have an opportunity to connect and interact with individuals who understand them. Each session will include a moment to reflect, learn, or ask questions about topics and issues brought up during the session, including building their confidence and self-esteem among peers who understand them, feel welcome and accepted with no judgement. There will be a focus during each session on building strategies to work with daily struggles. This is an 8-week online program starting bi-weekly. Starting WINTER 2024/25. Fee $65. Bi-Weekly Sessions. Tuesdays 7 - 8:30 pm. Limited Spots Available.
Photo of Avery Robb, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP (Q)
Hosted by Avery Robb
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP (Q)
Group meets in Georgina, ON L0E
This group is for neurodivergent women to have an opportunity to connect and interact with individuals who understand them. Each session will include a moment to reflect, learn, or ask questions about topics and issues brought up during the session, including building their confidence and self-esteem among peers who understand them, feel welcome and accepted with no judgement. There will be a focus during each session on building strategies to work with daily struggles. This is an 8-week online program starting bi-weekly. Starting WINTER 2024/25. Fee $65. Bi-Weekly Sessions. Tuesdays 7 - 8:30 pm. Limited Spots Available.
(289) 402-5619 View (289) 402-5619
A space for therapists who are single or newly dating to explore their own fears, longings, and impacts of past attachment histories and receive feedback and support. Though each group will ultimately shape its own discussion, topics to be explored may include: blocks to vulnerability and receiving love and care, authenticity and fears of losing self, jealousy, criticism of others and self, and impact of past trauma on trust. The group will run for 8 week, bi-weekly. Starting in early June. Reach out to do a brief screening and secure your spot. Open to ON residents.
Photo of Ekaterina Kapoustina - Ekaterina Kapoustina|Therapy for Therapists, Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, LMHC
Hosted by Ekaterina Kapoustina|Therapy for Therapists
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, LMHC
Group meets in Whitby, ON L1N
A space for therapists who are single or newly dating to explore their own fears, longings, and impacts of past attachment histories and receive feedback and support. Though each group will ultimately shape its own discussion, topics to be explored may include: blocks to vulnerability and receiving love and care, authenticity and fears of losing self, jealousy, criticism of others and self, and impact of past trauma on trust. The group will run for 8 week, bi-weekly. Starting in early June. Reach out to do a brief screening and secure your spot. Open to ON residents.
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Available to facilitate the Seeking Safety group (Phase 1 treatment group for PTSD and addictions) or for clinician training.
Photo of Paula J Bell - Paula Bell, Reg'd Psychotherapist/ social worker, Registered Social Worker, MACP, RP, RSW
Hosted by Paula Bell, Reg'd Psychotherapist/ social worker
Registered Social Worker, MACP, RP, RSW
Group meets in Kingston, ON K7L
Available to facilitate the Seeking Safety group (Phase 1 treatment group for PTSD and addictions) or for clinician training.
(343) 306-4499 View (343) 306-4499
Navigating the Ontario public school system when ADHD and co-morbidities are present can be challenging. This group aims to help you understand your child's rights and systemic challenges. We focus on fostering a community that understands and cares. Topics covered include: - Invisible disabilities - Language and communication - Roles of professionals - Individual Education Plans (IEP) - Identification, Placement, and Review Committee (IPRC) - Psychological assessments - Meeting preparation - Accommodations and advocacy skills - Maintaining and accessing records - Escalating concerns - Knowledge of the Ontario Human Rights Code (OHRC) and Education Act - Community resources - Professional oversight - Formal complaint processes. The cost to join is $875.00.
Photo of Lynn Galeazza - Lynn Galeazza - ADHD Groups for Youth & Caregivers, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Hosted by Lynn Galeazza - ADHD Groups for Youth & Caregivers
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Group meets in Peterborough, ON K9H
Navigating the Ontario public school system when ADHD and co-morbidities are present can be challenging. This group aims to help you understand your child's rights and systemic challenges. We focus on fostering a community that understands and cares. Topics covered include: - Invisible disabilities - Language and communication - Roles of professionals - Individual Education Plans (IEP) - Identification, Placement, and Review Committee (IPRC) - Psychological assessments - Meeting preparation - Accommodations and advocacy skills - Maintaining and accessing records - Escalating concerns - Knowledge of the Ontario Human Rights Code (OHRC) and Education Act - Community resources - Professional oversight - Formal complaint processes. The cost to join is $875.00.
(705) 702-5940 View (705) 702-5940
We provide a professional individual clinical supervision in an non-judgemental environment. The Clinical Individual supervision is 60 minutes in length. Individual supervision can be utilized as a hybrid model.
Photo of Parul Shah - Embracing Empowerment Psychotherapy Services, Registered Social Worker, MSP, RSW, DocCan
Hosted by Embracing Empowerment Psychotherapy Services
Registered Social Worker, MSP, RSW, DocCan
Group meets in Kanata, ON K2L
We provide a professional individual clinical supervision in an non-judgemental environment. The Clinical Individual supervision is 60 minutes in length. Individual supervision can be utilized as a hybrid model.
(613) 986-6737 View (613) 986-6737
Mastering Emotions is an 8-week therapy group for men who want to better understand and manage their emotions rather than feeling controlled by them. Through practical discussions, evidence-based strategies, and peer support, you'll learn how to recognize emotional triggers, regulate intense emotions, communicate more effectively, and respond with intention instead of reacting impulsively. Whether you struggle with anger, anxiety, overwhelm, or emotional shutdown, this group provides practical tools to help you build resilience, improve your relationships, and navigate life's challenges with greater confidence.
Photo of Jordon Iorio - First Step Men's Therapy -Direct Billing Available, Registered Social Worker, RSW, Hons BA, MACP
Hosted by First Step Men's Therapy -Direct Billing Available
Registered Social Worker, RSW, Hons BA, MACP
Group meets in Oshawa, ON L1G
Mastering Emotions is an 8-week therapy group for men who want to better understand and manage their emotions rather than feeling controlled by them. Through practical discussions, evidence-based strategies, and peer support, you'll learn how to recognize emotional triggers, regulate intense emotions, communicate more effectively, and respond with intention instead of reacting impulsively. Whether you struggle with anger, anxiety, overwhelm, or emotional shutdown, this group provides practical tools to help you build resilience, improve your relationships, and navigate life's challenges with greater confidence.
(289) 278-9425 View (289) 278-9425
Foundations: Intro to Skills for Teen Stress, Emotions, and Relationships • Acceptance: Mindfulness & Distress Tolerance Skills • Change: Emotion & Communication Skills • Balance: Parent and Teen Relationship Skills Teens Group Details • Dates: Saturdays, January 24 – February 28 • Time: 11:00 am – 12:30 pm • Location: In person at 1480 Bath Rd., Kingston • Ages: 12–19 • Cost: $75 per session or $400 if paid in full before the first session Note: To support learning and group cohesion, participants are encouraged to attend all sessions, as skills build week to week. To Register Email: rngassistance@gmail.com Phone: 647-702-8553
Photo of Christina Stronach - Root Nurture Grow Counselling, Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CCC, SW, RCC, ND
Hosted by Root Nurture Grow Counselling
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CCC, SW, RCC, ND
Group meets in Kingston, ON K7M
Foundations: Intro to Skills for Teen Stress, Emotions, and Relationships • Acceptance: Mindfulness & Distress Tolerance Skills • Change: Emotion & Communication Skills • Balance: Parent and Teen Relationship Skills Teens Group Details • Dates: Saturdays, January 24 – February 28 • Time: 11:00 am – 12:30 pm • Location: In person at 1480 Bath Rd., Kingston • Ages: 12–19 • Cost: $75 per session or $400 if paid in full before the first session Note: To support learning and group cohesion, participants are encouraged to attend all sessions, as skills build week to week. To Register Email: rngassistance@gmail.com Phone: 647-702-8553
(343) 312-7412 View (343) 312-7412

See more therapy options for Warkworth

FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups

How can I find a support group in Warkworth?

To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, postal code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.

Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.

How does group therapy work?

Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.

It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.

What are the benefits of group therapy?

Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.

Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioural exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.

Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?

It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.

Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.

How much does group therapy cost?

Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $90 and $100 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organisations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or non-profit organisations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.

Does insurance cover group therapy?

If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your group therapy sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for group therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

How long does group therapy last?

The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.

The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.

What are the limitations of support groups?

Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalised and specialised care.

The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.