Support Groups in Glen Waverley, VIC

Our training program, acknowledged by renowned MNCs like Johnson & Johnson and healthcare sector training organizations like the HKSPT, empowers managers, healthcare professionals, teachers, and parents with theoretical and practical neuroscientific play therapy, social-emotional, and creativity training to understand better and meet the emotional and behavioural needs of their staff, clients, students, and children. The program covers neuroscience, Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, play therapy mechanisms, research, clinical cases, techniques, SEL, and creativity presented in the actionable BREAD model, i.e. Boundary Setting & Enforcement, Reflective Techniques, Emotion Expression & Exploration, Assertive Boundary Needs Communication, and Deriving Win-Win Solutions.
Photo of May Yeung - Metocha Play Therapy, MA
Hosted by Metocha Play Therapy
Verified Verified
Group meets in Glen Waverley, VIC 3150
Our training program, acknowledged by renowned MNCs like Johnson & Johnson and healthcare sector training organizations like the HKSPT, empowers managers, healthcare professionals, teachers, and parents with theoretical and practical neuroscientific play therapy, social-emotional, and creativity training to understand better and meet the emotional and behavioural needs of their staff, clients, students, and children. The program covers neuroscience, Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, play therapy mechanisms, research, clinical cases, techniques, SEL, and creativity presented in the actionable BREAD model, i.e. Boundary Setting & Enforcement, Reflective Techniques, Emotion Expression & Exploration, Assertive Boundary Needs Communication, and Deriving Win-Win Solutions.
(03) 7500 5930 View (03) 7500 5930

More Groups Nearby

The group starts in February 2025. Ones a week for 7 weeks. Contact me if you are interested.
Photo of Christa Doczy, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Hosted by Christa Doczy
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Group meets in Port Melbourne, VIC 3207
The group starts in February 2025. Ones a week for 7 weeks. Contact me if you are interested.
0478 673 422 View 0478 673 422
Anxiety can be a debilitating condition that affects many people. At Perpetual Wellness Counselling Service, we understand the challenges that come with anxiety, and that's why we offer a support group to help individuals overcome their anxiety and find a sense of calm in a safe and supportive environment. Our anxiety group is open to anyone over the age of 18 who is struggling with anxiety, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Group is confidential, members are encouraged to share as much or as little as they feel comfortable with.
Photo of Fiona Dickie - Perpetual Wellness Counselling Service , Social Worker, AMHSW
Hosted by Perpetual Wellness Counselling Service
Social Worker, AMHSW
Group meets in Carrum Downs, VIC 3201
Anxiety can be a debilitating condition that affects many people. At Perpetual Wellness Counselling Service, we understand the challenges that come with anxiety, and that's why we offer a support group to help individuals overcome their anxiety and find a sense of calm in a safe and supportive environment. Our anxiety group is open to anyone over the age of 18 who is struggling with anxiety, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Group is confidential, members are encouraged to share as much or as little as they feel comfortable with.
(03) 5905 7894 View (03) 5905 7894
Our 4-Week ADHD Group Coaching Program is designed to help you build practical skills for managing your diagnosis, daily life, and academic or professional challenges. Led by an experienced psychologist, these sessions provide evidence-based strategies in a supportive and interactive environment. Why Join a Group? Shared Experience – Connect with others who understand your struggles. Expert Guidance – Learn from a psychologist specialising in adult ADHD. Actionable Strategies – Gain tools that you can apply immediately. Cost-Effective – Benefit from professional coaching at a fraction of the cost of 1:1 sessions.
Photo of Brenda Taylor, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Hosted by Brenda Taylor
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Group meets in Wheelers Hill, VIC 3150
Our 4-Week ADHD Group Coaching Program is designed to help you build practical skills for managing your diagnosis, daily life, and academic or professional challenges. Led by an experienced psychologist, these sessions provide evidence-based strategies in a supportive and interactive environment. Why Join a Group? Shared Experience – Connect with others who understand your struggles. Expert Guidance – Learn from a psychologist specialising in adult ADHD. Actionable Strategies – Gain tools that you can apply immediately. Cost-Effective – Benefit from professional coaching at a fraction of the cost of 1:1 sessions.
(03) 5924 0088 View (03) 5924 0088
Do you feel threatened, frightened or controlled by your son/daughter? Do other family members, particularly younger siblings feel scared? Do you feel that you are walking on eggshells? Do you feel that you are no longer in charge? Do you feel isolated and alone? Would you like to find ways to help your son/daughter become more responsible and respectful? If any of these questions apply to you, this group may be for you. A group for mothers, fathers, partners, step-parents, carers whose adolescents are abusive and/or violent at home. Contact Halakhe on 0425 860 100
Photo of Halakhe Ganyu - Holistic Counselling Service., Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Hosted by Holistic Counselling Service.
Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Group meets in Truganina, VIC 3029
Do you feel threatened, frightened or controlled by your son/daughter? Do other family members, particularly younger siblings feel scared? Do you feel that you are walking on eggshells? Do you feel that you are no longer in charge? Do you feel isolated and alone? Would you like to find ways to help your son/daughter become more responsible and respectful? If any of these questions apply to you, this group may be for you. A group for mothers, fathers, partners, step-parents, carers whose adolescents are abusive and/or violent at home. Contact Halakhe on 0425 860 100
(03) 8595 5367 View (03) 8595 5367
Umeed Psychology is a Melbourne-based social enterprise founded by Educational & Developmental Psychologist Anushka Phal. "Umeed" means hope in Hindi/Urdu—reflecting our belief that hope transforms lives. We're proudly LGBTQIA+ friendly, culturally responsive, and neuroaffirming, offering telehealth across Australia and in-person services in East Melbourne. We focus on culturally informed ADHD/Autism assessments, trauma therapy, couples counselling, anxiety, depression, and identity work.
Photo of Anushka Phal, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Hosted by Anushka Phal
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Group meets in East Melbourne, VIC 3002
Umeed Psychology is a Melbourne-based social enterprise founded by Educational & Developmental Psychologist Anushka Phal. "Umeed" means hope in Hindi/Urdu—reflecting our belief that hope transforms lives. We're proudly LGBTQIA+ friendly, culturally responsive, and neuroaffirming, offering telehealth across Australia and in-person services in East Melbourne. We focus on culturally informed ADHD/Autism assessments, trauma therapy, couples counselling, anxiety, depression, and identity work.
0422 286 076 View 0422 286 076
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is an evidence-based, user-friendly program that brings the principles of mindfulness meditation into everyday life by teaching specific skills and practices to help break cycles of anxiety, stress, unhappiness and exhaustion.
Photo of Ingrid Jolley - Ingrid Jolley - IFS Therapist, Social Worker, AASW
Hosted by Ingrid Jolley - IFS Therapist
Social Worker, AASW
Group meets in Thornbury, VIC 3071
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is an evidence-based, user-friendly program that brings the principles of mindfulness meditation into everyday life by teaching specific skills and practices to help break cycles of anxiety, stress, unhappiness and exhaustion.
(03) 7037 8335 View (03) 7037 8335
I found my passion and deep interest to help people through my inbuilt therapeutic counselling ability, more than two decades ago. I am a qualified Counsellor and Family Therapist. I work with individuals who struggling living lives without fear and stress. My therapeutic sessions are based on various effective therapeutic tools and theories which help finding solutions together by removing the mental agony and sufferings, those may have due to PTSD or past trauma. The safe and nurturing atmosphere created here, helps individuals to be at ease that leads to organic solutions through quality coaching and counselling.
Photo of Shagufta Chaudhary, Counsellor, MC, AAFT
Hosted by Shagufta Chaudhary
Counsellor, MC, AAFT
Group meets in Templestowe Lower, VIC 3107
I found my passion and deep interest to help people through my inbuilt therapeutic counselling ability, more than two decades ago. I am a qualified Counsellor and Family Therapist. I work with individuals who struggling living lives without fear and stress. My therapeutic sessions are based on various effective therapeutic tools and theories which help finding solutions together by removing the mental agony and sufferings, those may have due to PTSD or past trauma. The safe and nurturing atmosphere created here, helps individuals to be at ease that leads to organic solutions through quality coaching and counselling.
(03) 8771 4686 View (03) 8771 4686
Sniff and stroll therapy group aims to increase people’s social and community connection, manage anxiety and stress and increase physical activity with the help of three certified therapy dogs! Sessions typically involve an interactive mental health workshop , a nature walk , followed by gentle stretching and meditation.
Photo of Jason Kozica, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Hosted by Jason Kozica
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Group meets in Prahran, VIC 3181
Sniff and stroll therapy group aims to increase people’s social and community connection, manage anxiety and stress and increase physical activity with the help of three certified therapy dogs! Sessions typically involve an interactive mental health workshop , a nature walk , followed by gentle stretching and meditation.
(03) 8771 4393 View (03) 8771 4393
This is an online group that runs for 6 weeks. Beginning February 2026. If you have ever experienced the “I’m not good enough” story and felt lack, self-doubt, insecurities or low confidence & self-esteem this is the place for you! These creative sessions will guide you thought art activities that explore: ?? Your self-worth, identity, the power of narrative/thoughts. ? Understanding the inner-critic vs our emergent self. ? Cultivating self-compassion, trust in your decisions, embracing courage. ? Clarifying what you value and want and celebrating your strengths ? Finding peace & grounding-through being present. ? Designing a self-worth toolkit.
Photo of Zeva Mirankar, Psychotherapist, MA, AThR
Hosted by Zeva Mirankar
Psychotherapist, MA, AThR
Group meets in Brunswick West, VIC 3055
This is an online group that runs for 6 weeks. Beginning February 2026. If you have ever experienced the “I’m not good enough” story and felt lack, self-doubt, insecurities or low confidence & self-esteem this is the place for you! These creative sessions will guide you thought art activities that explore: ?? Your self-worth, identity, the power of narrative/thoughts. ? Understanding the inner-critic vs our emergent self. ? Cultivating self-compassion, trust in your decisions, embracing courage. ? Clarifying what you value and want and celebrating your strengths ? Finding peace & grounding-through being present. ? Designing a self-worth toolkit.
(02) 3815 4718 View (02) 3815 4718
Widely regarded as a core foundational insight-based parenting program, the Circle of Security (COS) training helps parents deepen emotional awareness and strengthen their ability to respond to their children’s needs. Designed to nurture parents from within, it enables us to establish safe, strong and secure relationships in which children develop lasting emotional wellbeing, healthy relationships, and greater success later on. While targeting children between 0-6, the core COS principles extend well beyond early childhood, offering timeless guidance for all meaningful relationships in our lives. These concepts are often repeated and adapted in parenting programs targeting older children.
Photo of Dr Hana Guo, Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Hosted by Dr Hana Guo
Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Group meets in Moonee Ponds, VIC 3039
Widely regarded as a core foundational insight-based parenting program, the Circle of Security (COS) training helps parents deepen emotional awareness and strengthen their ability to respond to their children’s needs. Designed to nurture parents from within, it enables us to establish safe, strong and secure relationships in which children develop lasting emotional wellbeing, healthy relationships, and greater success later on. While targeting children between 0-6, the core COS principles extend well beyond early childhood, offering timeless guidance for all meaningful relationships in our lives. These concepts are often repeated and adapted in parenting programs targeting older children.
0401 649 365 View 0401 649 365
A six-session parenting program for parents of teens to help teens develop emotional intelligence Would you like to learn how to: be better at understanding and talking with your child through this important developmental phase help your teen learn to manage their emotions help to prevent behaviour problems in your teen teach your teen how to deal with conflict? TINT teaches parents how to help their teen develop emotional intelligence – a key skill that can help them better cope with their emotions, become more aware and assertive, and have more stable and satisfying relationships as adults.
Photo of Marie Vakakis, Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Hosted by Marie Vakakis
Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Group meets in Footscray, VIC 3011
A six-session parenting program for parents of teens to help teens develop emotional intelligence Would you like to learn how to: be better at understanding and talking with your child through this important developmental phase help your teen learn to manage their emotions help to prevent behaviour problems in your teen teach your teen how to deal with conflict? TINT teaches parents how to help their teen develop emotional intelligence – a key skill that can help them better cope with their emotions, become more aware and assertive, and have more stable and satisfying relationships as adults.
(03) 8613 3424 View (03) 8613 3424
People often baulk at the notion of meditation because they have had the experience that it's not so simple to be passive and stop the mind. That approach is all wrong. Our mind stops when we are in flow. Kelpies need to run to relax. We are no different. This group is to turn your notions of meditation on their heads and start again, playfully actively and effectively.
Photo of Sudhir Dean, Counsellor, ACA-L3
Hosted by Sudhir Dean
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Group meets in Northcote, VIC 3070
People often baulk at the notion of meditation because they have had the experience that it's not so simple to be passive and stop the mind. That approach is all wrong. Our mind stops when we are in flow. Kelpies need to run to relax. We are no different. This group is to turn your notions of meditation on their heads and start again, playfully actively and effectively.
(03) 7003 2419 View (03) 7003 2419
This 6-week program is for parents of adolescents aged 12+. This program aims to foster emotional intelligence in your and your teen. You will learn how to better communicate with and understand your teen, leading to a stronger healthier relationship. You will also learn how how manage your teen's big emotions and behaviours, as well as develop skills on how to help your teen manage conflict. Research shows teen's with greater emotional intelligence do better academically, socially, and emotionally. Would you like to begin improving your relationship with your teen? Program begins Monday 18th July. Join today!
Photo of Tonia Martin - Talking Sleep Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Hosted by Talking Sleep Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Group meets in Hawthorn East, VIC 3123
This 6-week program is for parents of adolescents aged 12+. This program aims to foster emotional intelligence in your and your teen. You will learn how to better communicate with and understand your teen, leading to a stronger healthier relationship. You will also learn how how manage your teen's big emotions and behaviours, as well as develop skills on how to help your teen manage conflict. Research shows teen's with greater emotional intelligence do better academically, socially, and emotionally. Would you like to begin improving your relationship with your teen? Program begins Monday 18th July. Join today!
1300 366 306 View 1300 366 306
Losing a loved one or experiencing a major life change can be overwhelming and challenging to cope with. At Perpetual Wellness Counselling Service, we understand the difficulties that come with grief and loss. That's why we offer a support a support group to help individuals process their emotions and find comfort in a safe supportive environment. Our grief and loss support group is open to anyone who has experienced a significant loss or life transition. This includes the death of a loved one, divorce, job loss, or a major illness. We offer a safe space to express your grief.
Photo of Fiona Dickie - Perpetual Wellness Counselling Service , Social Worker, AMHSW
Hosted by Perpetual Wellness Counselling Service
Social Worker, AMHSW
Group meets in Carrum Downs, VIC 3201
Losing a loved one or experiencing a major life change can be overwhelming and challenging to cope with. At Perpetual Wellness Counselling Service, we understand the difficulties that come with grief and loss. That's why we offer a support a support group to help individuals process their emotions and find comfort in a safe supportive environment. Our grief and loss support group is open to anyone who has experienced a significant loss or life transition. This includes the death of a loved one, divorce, job loss, or a major illness. We offer a safe space to express your grief.
(03) 5905 7894 View (03) 5905 7894
A fortnightly online support group. Group size: 8–10 women (closed group) Length: 1 hour per session Format: Strength-based approaches, psychoeducation, and topics guided by the group’s needs Extra support: I’ll be available for quick check-ins in the weeks we don’t meet Fee: Reduced fee - $20 per session/check-in (for a minimum of 7 women), knowing the emotional and financial challenges many of us face.
Photo of Vered Harel - Parenting & Beyond - Vered Harel, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Hosted by Parenting & Beyond - Vered Harel
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Group meets in Bentleigh East, VIC 3165
A fortnightly online support group. Group size: 8–10 women (closed group) Length: 1 hour per session Format: Strength-based approaches, psychoeducation, and topics guided by the group’s needs Extra support: I’ll be available for quick check-ins in the weeks we don’t meet Fee: Reduced fee - $20 per session/check-in (for a minimum of 7 women), knowing the emotional and financial challenges many of us face.
(03) 8771 5628 View (03) 8771 5628
Group Supervision available. Online via ZOOM. Suitable for both social workers and counsellors. 2 groups x 90 mins per school term. Group Supervision can offer a unique opportunity for support from peers and the wisdom of a range of views and experience, as well as providing a cost effective way of meeting your supervisory requirements. In particular, many practitioners feeling isolated in PP (or an isolated workplace) find it a supportive and rejuvenating space in which to connect with colleagues. Further details at my website or email me at rawortherapy@gmail.com
Photo of Claire Raworth - Claire Raworth Counselling & Supervision, Social Worker, AMHSW
Hosted by Claire Raworth Counselling & Supervision
Social Worker, AMHSW
Group meets in Coburg, VIC 3058
Group Supervision available. Online via ZOOM. Suitable for both social workers and counsellors. 2 groups x 90 mins per school term. Group Supervision can offer a unique opportunity for support from peers and the wisdom of a range of views and experience, as well as providing a cost effective way of meeting your supervisory requirements. In particular, many practitioners feeling isolated in PP (or an isolated workplace) find it a supportive and rejuvenating space in which to connect with colleagues. Further details at my website or email me at rawortherapy@gmail.com
(03) 8338 4975 View (03) 8338 4975
This support group is providing a non-judgmental space for its participant to practice mindfulness training based on relaxation techniques. The group is limited to six participants only.
Photo of Harshani Algiriya, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Hosted by Harshani Algiriya
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Group meets in Maribyrnong, VIC 3032
This support group is providing a non-judgmental space for its participant to practice mindfulness training based on relaxation techniques. The group is limited to six participants only.
(03) 8595 5442 View (03) 8595 5442
Understand what is keeping us awake and learn how to have a good night's sleep.
Photo of May Lai, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Hosted by May Lai
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Group meets in Kew, VIC 3101
Understand what is keeping us awake and learn how to have a good night's sleep.
(02) 5603 2903 View (02) 5603 2903
All group supervision and individual supervision are facilitated online and held two or three times per month at 6.30 pm for a duration of 2 hours. Group discussion covers varied applicable topics and clinical cases. Six participants in each group. Groups are open to all allied health practitioners, such as counsellors, psychotherapists, NDIS recovery coaches, and more. Call 0447262130 for more information. Book online.
Photo of Deborah Cameron, Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Hosted by Deborah Cameron
Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Group meets in Brighton, VIC 3186
All group supervision and individual supervision are facilitated online and held two or three times per month at 6.30 pm for a duration of 2 hours. Group discussion covers varied applicable topics and clinical cases. Six participants in each group. Groups are open to all allied health practitioners, such as counsellors, psychotherapists, NDIS recovery coaches, and more. Call 0447262130 for more information. Book online.
(03) 7003 2799 View (03) 7003 2799

See more therapy options for Glen Waverley

FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups

How can I find a support group in Glen Waverley?

To find a support group in your area, start by entering your suburb, postcode, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.

Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.

How does group therapy work?

Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.

It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.

What are the benefits of group therapy?

Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.

Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioural exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.

Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?

It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.

Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.

How much does group therapy cost?

Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $80 and $110 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $250 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or non-profit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.

Does insurance cover group therapy?

If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your group therapy sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for group therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

How long does group therapy last?

The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.

The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.

What are the limitations of support groups?

Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalised and specialised care.

The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.