Counselling in Walliston, WA

Photo of Jo McGowan, Counsellor, MC, PACFA
Jo McGowan
Counsellor, MC, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Walliston, WA 6076
My clinical background includes experience working with trauma, managing critical risk issues, and developing safety plans and risk assessments for clients ranging from their teenage years to adulthood. I am particularly passionate about providing support for individuals navigating trauma, critical risk concerns, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and grief. My approach is centred around empathy, compassion, and a commitment to empowering clients across the lifespan to gain new perspectives and insights.
My clinical background includes experience working with trauma, managing critical risk issues, and developing safety plans and risk assessments for clients ranging from their teenage years to adulthood. I am particularly passionate about providing support for individuals navigating trauma, critical risk concerns, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and grief. My approach is centred around empathy, compassion, and a commitment to empowering clients across the lifespan to gain new perspectives and insights.
(08) 6171 3108 View (08) 6171 3108
Photo of Jessica Vivien, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Jessica Vivien
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Online Only
Most people come to me purely and simply because they heard of me and they are ready to get better, to get their relationships, and personal lives, back on track. They want a gentle, fast and effective process that will get into the guts of the problem. A breakthrough that will clear away the relationship conflict, disappointment and resentment. That will clear away the anxiety, depression, PTSD, etc and other symptoms of unresolved trauma currently blighting their lives. I am an internationally trained and experienced Emotionally Focussed Couple therapist, and trauma therapist and have been working in this area for many years.
Most people come to me purely and simply because they heard of me and they are ready to get better, to get their relationships, and personal lives, back on track. They want a gentle, fast and effective process that will get into the guts of the problem. A breakthrough that will clear away the relationship conflict, disappointment and resentment. That will clear away the anxiety, depression, PTSD, etc and other symptoms of unresolved trauma currently blighting their lives. I am an internationally trained and experienced Emotionally Focussed Couple therapist, and trauma therapist and have been working in this area for many years.
(08) 9521 4198 View (08) 9521 4198
Photo of Deb Blecha - Healing Links Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Healing Links Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Welcome to Healing Links Psychology! For adult and teen clients we are located in the Perth Hills, and provide a discrete and private psychology clinic with sessions that fit around your busy lifestyle. We offer flexible weekday, weekend and after-hours appointments, so you can prioritise your wellbeing without taking time away from work, school, or life. LGBTQI+ safe and sex-positive/kink affirming.
Welcome to Healing Links Psychology! For adult and teen clients we are located in the Perth Hills, and provide a discrete and private psychology clinic with sessions that fit around your busy lifestyle. We offer flexible weekday, weekend and after-hours appointments, so you can prioritise your wellbeing without taking time away from work, school, or life. LGBTQI+ safe and sex-positive/kink affirming.
(08) 6171 2760 View (08) 6171 2760

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Ruth Minkov, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Ruth Minkov
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I currently have immediate availability for both assessment and therapy. I offer neuroaffirming, trauma-informed neuropsychological, academic, autism and ADHD assessment, as well as psychological therapy, and ADHD coaching. I work with adolescents and adults, in Melbourne, VIC. My assessments take into consideration cultural differences and "masking". I am experienced in working with the NDIS and Centrelink, and am Medicare registered.
I currently have immediate availability for both assessment and therapy. I offer neuroaffirming, trauma-informed neuropsychological, academic, autism and ADHD assessment, as well as psychological therapy, and ADHD coaching. I work with adolescents and adults, in Melbourne, VIC. My assessments take into consideration cultural differences and "masking". I am experienced in working with the NDIS and Centrelink, and am Medicare registered.
(03) 7003 2743 View (03) 7003 2743
Photo of Yosi Regan, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Yosi Regan
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Karrinyup, WA 6018
Yosi has experience supporting individuals with: Trauma informed care, Depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Anxiety and panic, Emotion regulation, Alcohol and other drugs (AOD), adhd, Assertiveness training, LGBTQI+ issues, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander background, Stress, Behavioural problems, Personality disorders, Anger management, Grief and loss, Adoption issues, Personal development, Low self-esteem, Life Transition, and Adjustment Issues.
Yosi has experience supporting individuals with: Trauma informed care, Depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Anxiety and panic, Emotion regulation, Alcohol and other drugs (AOD), adhd, Assertiveness training, LGBTQI+ issues, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander background, Stress, Behavioural problems, Personality disorders, Anger management, Grief and loss, Adoption issues, Personal development, Low self-esteem, Life Transition, and Adjustment Issues.
(08) 6490 9103 View (08) 6490 9103
Photo of Ruth Christiansen, Social Worker, AMHSW
Ruth Christiansen
Social Worker, AMHSW
Wembley, WA 6014
Therapeutic counselling with expertise in trauma therapy, EMDR therapy, dissociation, anxiety and depression, PTSD, FDV, relationship and social issues, perinatal and parenting support, traumatic experiences, grief and loss, peri-menopause, migration, relocation and life transitions.
Therapeutic counselling with expertise in trauma therapy, EMDR therapy, dissociation, anxiety and depression, PTSD, FDV, relationship and social issues, perinatal and parenting support, traumatic experiences, grief and loss, peri-menopause, migration, relocation and life transitions.
(08) 6493 7461 View (08) 6493 7461
Photo of Kelly Prandl, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Kelly Prandl
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Como, WA 6152
Dr Kelly Prandl originally trained as a nurse, midwife, and child health nurse. It was working with families and children that led her to pursue further training as a Clinical Psychologist. Kelly has worked in a variety of settings over her 30-year career, including hospitals, schools, CAMHS, and more recently Curtin University and private practice. Kelly’s passion is in working with couples and families. Kelly is an affirmative psychologist and an ally and has a warm and non-judgemental manner.
Dr Kelly Prandl originally trained as a nurse, midwife, and child health nurse. It was working with families and children that led her to pursue further training as a Clinical Psychologist. Kelly has worked in a variety of settings over her 30-year career, including hospitals, schools, CAMHS, and more recently Curtin University and private practice. Kelly’s passion is in working with couples and families. Kelly is an affirmative psychologist and an ally and has a warm and non-judgemental manner.
(08) 6490 9126 View (08) 6490 9126
Photo of Dr Kelly Gough, Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Dr Kelly Gough
Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Northbridge, WA 6003
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Clinical Neuropsychologist. Having practised for almost 20 years across a wide range of settings I have developed skills in many forms of evidence-based assessment and intervention. I’m told that I have a warm, understanding and collaborative style. I aim to provide you with a secure and non-judgemental environment so that you can put aside the worries of the day and enjoy some peaceful focus on yourself. We will work together to decide the goals of therapy and collaborate on a plan to reach them.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Clinical Neuropsychologist. Having practised for almost 20 years across a wide range of settings I have developed skills in many forms of evidence-based assessment and intervention. I’m told that I have a warm, understanding and collaborative style. I aim to provide you with a secure and non-judgemental environment so that you can put aside the worries of the day and enjoy some peaceful focus on yourself. We will work together to decide the goals of therapy and collaborate on a plan to reach them.
(08) 9540 0708 View (08) 9540 0708
Photo of Dorte Dyrbye - Tap In Counselling Service, Counsellor, ACA-L3
Tap In Counselling Service
Counsellor, ACA-L3
South Perth, WA 6151
“Stress, losses, and trauma create changes you don’t choose. Healing creates change you do choose” (adapted from Rosenthal). Dorte (Dee) at Tap In Counselling Service is a compassionate counsellor, whose broad experience strengthens her ability to adapt evidence-based approaches according to individual support and recovery needs. Dorte (Dee) supports adults and couples to discover and tap into their resources, strengths, and supports that guide enhanced wellbeing, desired changes, and healing. Individuals with BUPA, AHM, MediBank, HCF and Australian Regional Health Group (ARHG) private health cover may be eligible to claim rebates.
“Stress, losses, and trauma create changes you don’t choose. Healing creates change you do choose” (adapted from Rosenthal). Dorte (Dee) at Tap In Counselling Service is a compassionate counsellor, whose broad experience strengthens her ability to adapt evidence-based approaches according to individual support and recovery needs. Dorte (Dee) supports adults and couples to discover and tap into their resources, strengths, and supports that guide enhanced wellbeing, desired changes, and healing. Individuals with BUPA, AHM, MediBank, HCF and Australian Regional Health Group (ARHG) private health cover may be eligible to claim rebates.
(08) 6493 7783 View (08) 6493 7783
Photo of Anna Pietrograzia - Anna at AP Counselling - Infertility + Childless, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Anna at AP Counselling - Infertility + Childless
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Online Only
Compassionate and specific counselling for women navigating Infertility, Childlessness, Miscarriage and other Pregnancy Loss. I'm a Lived Experience Counsellor who understands unexplained infertility and being Childless Not By Choice. I bring a unique and caring experience. The losses around fertility are heartbreaking and I can help you navigate this rocky terrain. Have you experienced Secondary Infertility? Have you suffered through unsuccessful IVF cycles? Are you experiencing grief since having an abortion? Exhausted, overwhelmed and grieving; come into a space that's safe for your grief.
Compassionate and specific counselling for women navigating Infertility, Childlessness, Miscarriage and other Pregnancy Loss. I'm a Lived Experience Counsellor who understands unexplained infertility and being Childless Not By Choice. I bring a unique and caring experience. The losses around fertility are heartbreaking and I can help you navigate this rocky terrain. Have you experienced Secondary Infertility? Have you suffered through unsuccessful IVF cycles? Are you experiencing grief since having an abortion? Exhausted, overwhelmed and grieving; come into a space that's safe for your grief.
(02) 3821 1512 View (02) 3821 1512
Photo of Dina H Shurti - Dina Shurti @ SALAM Holistic Psychology , Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Dina Shurti @ SALAM Holistic Psychology
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Online Only
At Salam Holistic Psychology we take into account the whole person- mind, body, soul, social context and the interconnectedness of these aspects. We also acknowledge and respect the spiritual dimension of an individuals life; encompassing values, beliefs, purpose, and meaning. Our approach is rooted in trauma-informed, decolonial and ethical practice. As the principal psychologist at Salam, I bring extensive experience supporting individuals through a wide range of personal and relational challenges. These include identity concerns, relationship challenges, work-related stress, and the impacts of trauma, including attachment wounds.
At Salam Holistic Psychology we take into account the whole person- mind, body, soul, social context and the interconnectedness of these aspects. We also acknowledge and respect the spiritual dimension of an individuals life; encompassing values, beliefs, purpose, and meaning. Our approach is rooted in trauma-informed, decolonial and ethical practice. As the principal psychologist at Salam, I bring extensive experience supporting individuals through a wide range of personal and relational challenges. These include identity concerns, relationship challenges, work-related stress, and the impacts of trauma, including attachment wounds.
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Photo of Martin Emery, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Martin Emery
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Osborne Park, WA 6017
Not accepting new clients
If you're struggling with some of the inevitable challenges in life, experiencing poor mental health, prior trauma, difficulties with your emotions or perhaps unsure exactly what you're feeling - I want to help. I am a registered psychologist with a warm, compassionate nature and more than 16 years of experience supporting children, adolescents and their families. I have a particular interest in supporting young people with anxiety or mood disorders but am open to all clients.
If you're struggling with some of the inevitable challenges in life, experiencing poor mental health, prior trauma, difficulties with your emotions or perhaps unsure exactly what you're feeling - I want to help. I am a registered psychologist with a warm, compassionate nature and more than 16 years of experience supporting children, adolescents and their families. I have a particular interest in supporting young people with anxiety or mood disorders but am open to all clients.
(08) 6490 9053 View (08) 6490 9053
Photo of Louise Knight, Counsellor, PACFA
Louise Knight
Counsellor, PACFA
Joondalup, WA 6027
Finding a counsellor that is a good fit for you is important, and not always easy. Sometimes we have a clear idea of what we need, we just don't know how to get there. Other times we have no sense of what we need to change, only that something needs to. I will provide a safe space for you to learn about yourself so that you can develop knowledge and skills that you can use in your everyday life.
Finding a counsellor that is a good fit for you is important, and not always easy. Sometimes we have a clear idea of what we need, we just don't know how to get there. Other times we have no sense of what we need to change, only that something needs to. I will provide a safe space for you to learn about yourself so that you can develop knowledge and skills that you can use in your everyday life.
(08) 6219 3603 View (08) 6219 3603
Photo of Emma Wylde, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Emma Wylde
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Mundaring, WA 6073
I offer a nonjudgmental, compassionate and kind space encouraging reflection, exploration and acceptance of all parts of the self. I work creatively integrating body, mind and emotion in ways that support each unique person. It is a collaborative journey, much like a pilgrimage. I walk alongside; but the path, the choices, the wisdom are ultimately yours.
I offer a nonjudgmental, compassionate and kind space encouraging reflection, exploration and acceptance of all parts of the self. I work creatively integrating body, mind and emotion in ways that support each unique person. It is a collaborative journey, much like a pilgrimage. I walk alongside; but the path, the choices, the wisdom are ultimately yours.
(08) 6171 3890 View (08) 6171 3890
Photo of Mary Gomez, Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Mary Gomez
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Bibra Lake, WA 6163
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or uncertain about your next steps? You're not alone—and you don’t have to go through it by yourself. A listening ear without judgements but with compassion and understanding. Relationship conflicts, parental stress, stress management, and depression are a few areas I focus on. I work with individuals to strengthen relationships, improve communication, and navigate life's transitions. My approach is integrative, using ACT, CBT, Person-centred Therapy, and Solution-focused therapy to help families improve communication, navigate stress, build stronger relationships and lead a better life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or uncertain about your next steps? You're not alone—and you don’t have to go through it by yourself. A listening ear without judgements but with compassion and understanding. Relationship conflicts, parental stress, stress management, and depression are a few areas I focus on. I work with individuals to strengthen relationships, improve communication, and navigate life's transitions. My approach is integrative, using ACT, CBT, Person-centred Therapy, and Solution-focused therapy to help families improve communication, navigate stress, build stronger relationships and lead a better life.
(08) 6171 2689 View (08) 6171 2689
Photo of Ruth Ruth Harris - Mind2sight, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Mind2sight
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Midland, WA 6056
I have been in private practice for over 5 years. I work with adults 20 years and over. I use EMDR to assist in recovery from trauma and other mental health concerrns. I am a low-cost psychological practice. I am happy with GP referrals and mental health care plans, as well as private clients.
I have been in private practice for over 5 years. I work with adults 20 years and over. I use EMDR to assist in recovery from trauma and other mental health concerrns. I am a low-cost psychological practice. I am happy with GP referrals and mental health care plans, as well as private clients.
(08) 6171 3961 View (08) 6171 3961
Photo of Sharna Giammichele, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Sharna Giammichele
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Sharna is a genuine, experienced therapist. She works with people aged from 16 years through to adults. She has a particular interest in work with complex trauma (in particular, childhood physical, psychological and sexual abuse). She is also experienced working with difficulties such as: grief, family conflict, relationship difficulties (including domestic and family violence), anxiety, and mood disorders.
Sharna is a genuine, experienced therapist. She works with people aged from 16 years through to adults. She has a particular interest in work with complex trauma (in particular, childhood physical, psychological and sexual abuse). She is also experienced working with difficulties such as: grief, family conflict, relationship difficulties (including domestic and family violence), anxiety, and mood disorders.
(07) 3608 1149 View (07) 3608 1149
Photo of Mariska Penny, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Mariska Penny
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I am dedicated to serving the community through supporting individuals navigating a variety of mental health and wellbeing concerns. I prioritises client centred approaches to meet the needs of individuals with various presentations including trauma, dissociation and different personality profiles. With a comprehensive background across community, forensic, and clinical settings, a unique blend of expertise and empathy is brought to practice. Through the use of evidence-based interventions and trauma-informed care, I offer compassionate support where individuals are encouraged to heal from past experiences and regain their power.
I am dedicated to serving the community through supporting individuals navigating a variety of mental health and wellbeing concerns. I prioritises client centred approaches to meet the needs of individuals with various presentations including trauma, dissociation and different personality profiles. With a comprehensive background across community, forensic, and clinical settings, a unique blend of expertise and empathy is brought to practice. Through the use of evidence-based interventions and trauma-informed care, I offer compassionate support where individuals are encouraged to heal from past experiences and regain their power.
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Photo of Samantha Strahan - Samantha Strahan, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Samantha Strahan
Counsellor, ACA-L2
3 Endorsed
Midland, WA 6056
Are you struggling with infertility, IVF, low self-esteem, or relationship challenges? You don’t have to navigate this journey alone. I am here to support you compassionately so that you can rediscover a sense of joy, balance, and fulfilment. As an experienced counsellor, I believe in a holistic, person-centered approach to well-being. I understand that every individual is unique, and I will work with you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences in a safe, non-judgmental space. We will develop practical, effective strategies that not only address the root causes of these issues but also empower you to heal and grow.
Are you struggling with infertility, IVF, low self-esteem, or relationship challenges? You don’t have to navigate this journey alone. I am here to support you compassionately so that you can rediscover a sense of joy, balance, and fulfilment. As an experienced counsellor, I believe in a holistic, person-centered approach to well-being. I understand that every individual is unique, and I will work with you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences in a safe, non-judgmental space. We will develop practical, effective strategies that not only address the root causes of these issues but also empower you to heal and grow.
(08) 9540 0872 View (08) 9540 0872
Photo of Mina Hattom, Psychologist, MPsych
Mina Hattom
Psychologist, MPsych
North Perth, WA 6006
Mina is a registered psychologist dedicated to helping individuals navigate life’s challenges and create fulfilling lives. Her practice combines empathy, evidence-based techniques, and a safe, supportive environment where clients feel seen, heard, and understood. Mina tailors her approach to each client, using modalities like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and mindfulness strategies. She helps clients explore their thoughts, gain new insights, and build coping skills to process and overcome life's obstacles.
Mina is a registered psychologist dedicated to helping individuals navigate life’s challenges and create fulfilling lives. Her practice combines empathy, evidence-based techniques, and a safe, supportive environment where clients feel seen, heard, and understood. Mina tailors her approach to each client, using modalities like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and mindfulness strategies. She helps clients explore their thoughts, gain new insights, and build coping skills to process and overcome life's obstacles.
(08) 6171 3666 View (08) 6171 3666

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Walliston, WA

< 10

Counsellors in Walliston, WA who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
67% ADHD
67% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)
67% Dissociative Disorders (DID)

Average years in practice

16 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Walliston, WA see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Walliston?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.