Counselling in South Fremantle, WA

Photo of Merieke Verbaten - Cashmere Psychology, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Cashmere Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
Hi, I offer support in a warm, welcoming environment to explore whatever is going on for you, provide meaning and find ways forward in a way that works for you. I enjoy working with a diverse range of clients and am not afraid to talk about taboo topics. I have worked in a range of settings and in collaboration with the Department of Justice and Child protection. I am in particular interested in sensations of feeling out of control, not happy within yourself or in relation to others.
Hi, I offer support in a warm, welcoming environment to explore whatever is going on for you, provide meaning and find ways forward in a way that works for you. I enjoy working with a diverse range of clients and am not afraid to talk about taboo topics. I have worked in a range of settings and in collaboration with the Department of Justice and Child protection. I am in particular interested in sensations of feeling out of control, not happy within yourself or in relation to others.
(08) 9468 3361 View (08) 9468 3361
Photo of Nadia Rasheed, PACFA, Counsellor
Nadia Rasheed
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Online Only
As a Clinical Counsellor, I am specialised in areas of mental health, and I am dedicated to providing a quality online counselling service. Using a trauma-informed model of care, I recognise the profound impact stress, anxiety and trauma can have on your well-being and your connection to yourself and family. Together, in your sessions, I will support you in setting goals for your wellness journey, empowering you to regain control, find relief and feel connected again.
As a Clinical Counsellor, I am specialised in areas of mental health, and I am dedicated to providing a quality online counselling service. Using a trauma-informed model of care, I recognise the profound impact stress, anxiety and trauma can have on your well-being and your connection to yourself and family. Together, in your sessions, I will support you in setting goals for your wellness journey, empowering you to regain control, find relief and feel connected again.
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Photo of Jo Berryman - Jo Berryman Beam Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Jo Berryman Beam Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
Jo is a registered psychologist with a Masters of Psychology degree in Counselling Psychology. She has a background and a passion with working with adolescents as well as experience with adults, couples and families across the lifespan. Jo is experienced in assessment and treatment of a range of psychological issues including depression, anxiety, personality disorders, self-injury and addiction with particular experience and research interests in 'at risk' behaviour, psychological trauma, abuse, panic disorder and perfectionism.
Jo is a registered psychologist with a Masters of Psychology degree in Counselling Psychology. She has a background and a passion with working with adolescents as well as experience with adults, couples and families across the lifespan. Jo is experienced in assessment and treatment of a range of psychological issues including depression, anxiety, personality disorders, self-injury and addiction with particular experience and research interests in 'at risk' behaviour, psychological trauma, abuse, panic disorder and perfectionism.
(08) 6206 8788 View (08) 6206 8788
Photo of Marie-Helene Marsolais, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Marie-Helene Marsolais
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
My clients often question their relationship with alcohol, even if they don't identify as alcoholics. Usually binge drinking and high functioning drinking is the main presenting issue. I provide a safe, non-judgmental, confidential space to discuss their concerns, free from shame and stigma. Their goals vary: quitting, taking a break, or addressing current challenges. Many face depression, anxiety, or difficult life events. Some clients are French speakers - not always coming because of alcohol addiction. Regardless, understanding and empathy are central to my approach.
My clients often question their relationship with alcohol, even if they don't identify as alcoholics. Usually binge drinking and high functioning drinking is the main presenting issue. I provide a safe, non-judgmental, confidential space to discuss their concerns, free from shame and stigma. Their goals vary: quitting, taking a break, or addressing current challenges. Many face depression, anxiety, or difficult life events. Some clients are French speakers - not always coming because of alcohol addiction. Regardless, understanding and empathy are central to my approach.
(08) 9468 7260 View (08) 9468 7260
Photo of Diana McGrath, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Diana McGrath
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
At points in their lives many people struggle with difficulties that cause them distress, interrupt day-to-day functioning, and impact their sense of well-being. I provide a safe place to discuss personal challenges through a therapy relationship based on warmth, compassion, non-judgement, understanding, respect and empathy. Together we define goals for therapy and work towards them in a collaborative and personally meaningful way, guided by evidence-based assessment and treatment techniques. With enhanced understanding and skills, my aim is to empower those I work with to live richer and more satisfying lives.
At points in their lives many people struggle with difficulties that cause them distress, interrupt day-to-day functioning, and impact their sense of well-being. I provide a safe place to discuss personal challenges through a therapy relationship based on warmth, compassion, non-judgement, understanding, respect and empathy. Together we define goals for therapy and work towards them in a collaborative and personally meaningful way, guided by evidence-based assessment and treatment techniques. With enhanced understanding and skills, my aim is to empower those I work with to live richer and more satisfying lives.
(08) 6206 8697 View (08) 6206 8697
Photo of Gigi Kami, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Gigi Kami
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
Located in Fremantle, I recognise the uniqueness of every client's journey, tailoring interventions to meet their specific needs. The therapeutic space I create is one of empathy, understanding, and collaboration, where clients feel heard and valued. In addition to my commitment to providing quality care, I prioritise accessibility through telehealth services. This allows clients to engage in therapy from the comfort of their chosen environment, facilitating a more convenient and flexible approach to mental health support.
Located in Fremantle, I recognise the uniqueness of every client's journey, tailoring interventions to meet their specific needs. The therapeutic space I create is one of empathy, understanding, and collaboration, where clients feel heard and valued. In addition to my commitment to providing quality care, I prioritise accessibility through telehealth services. This allows clients to engage in therapy from the comfort of their chosen environment, facilitating a more convenient and flexible approach to mental health support.
(08) 6206 8133 View (08) 6206 8133
Photo of Tracey Crouch, MC, PACFA, Counsellor
Tracey Crouch
Counsellor, MC, PACFA
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
Ever wondered what's next? or how to stay on top of life's rollercoaster? My practice is aimed at supporting you to get a handle on life's challenges. With experience ranging from burnout, grief, and stress management, my person-centered approach draws on a range of modalities.
Ever wondered what's next? or how to stay on top of life's rollercoaster? My practice is aimed at supporting you to get a handle on life's challenges. With experience ranging from burnout, grief, and stress management, my person-centered approach draws on a range of modalities.
(08) 9473 6352 View (08) 9473 6352
Photo of Caroline Winchester, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Caroline Winchester
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
Hello, I'm Caroline, a clinical psychologist and psychoanalytic psychotherapist (candidate) who has many years of experience working with adults, in both community and government mental health settings, who are experiencing a range of difficulties in living and relating. I have a special interest in perinatal mental health which has been borne from an understanding of the developmental significance of the early years and have a keen passion in supporting both infants and their caregivers find their way together, with all the challenges that being human brings.
Hello, I'm Caroline, a clinical psychologist and psychoanalytic psychotherapist (candidate) who has many years of experience working with adults, in both community and government mental health settings, who are experiencing a range of difficulties in living and relating. I have a special interest in perinatal mental health which has been borne from an understanding of the developmental significance of the early years and have a keen passion in supporting both infants and their caregivers find their way together, with all the challenges that being human brings.
(08) 6219 3070 View (08) 6219 3070
Photo of Joanne Thorpe, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joanne Thorpe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
If you are dealing with anxiety and feelings of unworthiness or unhappiness that prevent you from focussing on the things that really matter to you, you may wish to spend time with someone who will help you to gain some understanding. of these feeling and most importantly find a way to change them. It is possible. If you have relationship problems, we can find a way to find resolution to repair the relationship or find a way to move forward in a constructive way. I also work with retirees who want to make their retirement creative and fulfilling. I do this for individuals and also for groups.
If you are dealing with anxiety and feelings of unworthiness or unhappiness that prevent you from focussing on the things that really matter to you, you may wish to spend time with someone who will help you to gain some understanding. of these feeling and most importantly find a way to change them. It is possible. If you have relationship problems, we can find a way to find resolution to repair the relationship or find a way to move forward in a constructive way. I also work with retirees who want to make their retirement creative and fulfilling. I do this for individuals and also for groups.
(08) 6206 8840 View (08) 6206 8840
Photo of Chloé Thornton-Hick, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Chloé Thornton-Hick
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
Life as a human is not always easy! In fact sometimes it's really hard. I absolutely understand that at times life can feel complex, complicated, painful and overwhelming...and while that's not fun, it's ok...I am here to help you develop new perspectives on your situation, increase your self-awareness and make effective choices towards improving your wellbeing and enjoyment in life generally...after all, the more we can enjoy our lives in healthy and sustainable ways...the better!
Life as a human is not always easy! In fact sometimes it's really hard. I absolutely understand that at times life can feel complex, complicated, painful and overwhelming...and while that's not fun, it's ok...I am here to help you develop new perspectives on your situation, increase your self-awareness and make effective choices towards improving your wellbeing and enjoyment in life generally...after all, the more we can enjoy our lives in healthy and sustainable ways...the better!
(08) 9468 6071 x61 View (08) 9468 6071 x61
Photo of Mim Kempson - Sex and Relationship Therapist | Mim Kempson, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Sex and Relationship Therapist | Mim Kempson
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
As a Sexologist and Registered Counsellor, I support individuals and couples facing challenges in sex, communication, dating, libido, FIFO relationships, neurodiversity (ADHD/autism), family stresses, sexual difficulties/pain, codependency, healing from betrayal, ENM/polyamory, and more. I work with LGBTQ+ people and anyone feeling constrained or exhausted by the pressures to have a certain kind of marriage/relationship, income, family, career, appearance, to behave in a certain way, and be a certain person.
As a Sexologist and Registered Counsellor, I support individuals and couples facing challenges in sex, communication, dating, libido, FIFO relationships, neurodiversity (ADHD/autism), family stresses, sexual difficulties/pain, codependency, healing from betrayal, ENM/polyamory, and more. I work with LGBTQ+ people and anyone feeling constrained or exhausted by the pressures to have a certain kind of marriage/relationship, income, family, career, appearance, to behave in a certain way, and be a certain person.
(08) 7079 5667 View (08) 7079 5667
Photo of Samantha Fitt - Flourish Clinical Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Flourish Clinical Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
Waitlist for new clients
Life is so busy and demanding, it can leave us drained and overwhelmed. You may have no time or energy for yourself. Sometimes you overreact to small things, other times you just feel shut down. You’re not living the life you want to live - but you just “keep on keeping on”, and you feel stuck. You want to feel more energised and in love with life. You want to live a life that is true to yourself, and to give your best - to yourself and to the people you care about. You want to be free to grow, to evolve, and to flourish!
Life is so busy and demanding, it can leave us drained and overwhelmed. You may have no time or energy for yourself. Sometimes you overreact to small things, other times you just feel shut down. You’re not living the life you want to live - but you just “keep on keeping on”, and you feel stuck. You want to feel more energised and in love with life. You want to live a life that is true to yourself, and to give your best - to yourself and to the people you care about. You want to be free to grow, to evolve, and to flourish!
(08) 6206 8332 View (08) 6206 8332
Photo of Suzannah Stanford, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Suzannah Stanford
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
I'm a holistic counsellor & psychotherapist, and my work centres around helping clients make sense and meaning of their life story, and to integrate the many parts of ourselves. I work with people who may be feeling lost, stuck or out of alignment in their lives and relationships. You may be feeling overwhelmed by world issues as well as personal ones, perhaps feeling a deep sense of grief, loss or fear about the environmental crisis or around social injustice issues. I also work with people looking to do shadow work or to process and integrate psychedelic experiences.
I'm a holistic counsellor & psychotherapist, and my work centres around helping clients make sense and meaning of their life story, and to integrate the many parts of ourselves. I work with people who may be feeling lost, stuck or out of alignment in their lives and relationships. You may be feeling overwhelmed by world issues as well as personal ones, perhaps feeling a deep sense of grief, loss or fear about the environmental crisis or around social injustice issues. I also work with people looking to do shadow work or to process and integrate psychedelic experiences.
(08) 9473 6343 View (08) 9473 6343
Photo of Tara Reale - South Beach Psychology, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
South Beach Psychology
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
South Beach Psychology, established in 2021, responds to evolving client needs by offering convenient telehealth services (psychological therapy, assessments, and capacity building). This allows individuals to access psychological support from the comfort and safety of their own homes, accommodating their busy schedules. Our flexible operating hours span from 7am to 9pm daily, ensuring accessibility for all. Contact us today to explore how our services can be customised to suit your specific needs.
South Beach Psychology, established in 2021, responds to evolving client needs by offering convenient telehealth services (psychological therapy, assessments, and capacity building). This allows individuals to access psychological support from the comfort and safety of their own homes, accommodating their busy schedules. Our flexible operating hours span from 7am to 9pm daily, ensuring accessibility for all. Contact us today to explore how our services can be customised to suit your specific needs.
(08) 6219 3760 View (08) 6219 3760
Photo of Melanie Ward, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Melanie Ward
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Fremantle, WA 6162
Are you struggling to deal with an unexpected life event such as the end of an important relationship, the death of someone you love or a life transition that came out of nowhere? Are you feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed or stuck? Do you have a general sense of unease in your life? Grief and loss is a challenging emotional experience that can create immense feelings of sadness and confusion about how to cope. Counselling provides a confidential space to explore what has been going on for you and allows you to feel heard and understood.
Are you struggling to deal with an unexpected life event such as the end of an important relationship, the death of someone you love or a life transition that came out of nowhere? Are you feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed or stuck? Do you have a general sense of unease in your life? Grief and loss is a challenging emotional experience that can create immense feelings of sadness and confusion about how to cope. Counselling provides a confidential space to explore what has been going on for you and allows you to feel heard and understood.
(08) 9468 7247 View (08) 9468 7247
Photo of Alicia Viforj, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Alicia Viforj
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
I help adults individually with depression, anxiety, low self-worth, difficulty coping, stress, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, adjustment difficulty, ADHD, insecurity, perfectionism, fear or failure, fear of abandonment, phobias, trauma and PTSD I also help with Family of origin issues – As a child did you experience feeling different to others growing up, family domestic violence, emotional abuse? Were you criticised or bullied? Did you experience low self-worth? Were you always to blame? Were your emotions dismissed or ignored by those around you or maybe you experienced a traumatic event of some kind
I help adults individually with depression, anxiety, low self-worth, difficulty coping, stress, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, adjustment difficulty, ADHD, insecurity, perfectionism, fear or failure, fear of abandonment, phobias, trauma and PTSD I also help with Family of origin issues – As a child did you experience feeling different to others growing up, family domestic violence, emotional abuse? Were you criticised or bullied? Did you experience low self-worth? Were you always to blame? Were your emotions dismissed or ignored by those around you or maybe you experienced a traumatic event of some kind
(08) 6206 8536 View (08) 6206 8536
Photo of Katie Woodley-Smith, MA, PACFA, Counsellor
Katie Woodley-Smith
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
I am a practiced counsellor, with a specialised interest in attachment trauma. The way our early life experiences create a blueprint for our relationships that may no longer be serving us in our adult circumstance. Unresolved attachment trauma can cause us to repeat the same painful relationship patterns until we go back to the source and heal the original wounding. My job is to build a comfortable and safe space for you to explore any issues that may be holding you back from creating the life and connections you long for in all your relationships, especially the one with yourself.
I am a practiced counsellor, with a specialised interest in attachment trauma. The way our early life experiences create a blueprint for our relationships that may no longer be serving us in our adult circumstance. Unresolved attachment trauma can cause us to repeat the same painful relationship patterns until we go back to the source and heal the original wounding. My job is to build a comfortable and safe space for you to explore any issues that may be holding you back from creating the life and connections you long for in all your relationships, especially the one with yourself.
(08) 6333 0717 View (08) 6333 0717
Photo of Dr Jonathan D Redmond - Psychology Clinic WA, PhD, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Psychology Clinic WA
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Fremantle, WA 6162
I am a psychoanalyst and clinical psychologist in Fremantle consulting with adults, adolescents and children presenting with a wide range of mental health issues. I teach at the Lacan Circle of Australia and have postgraduate training in clinical psychology and psychoanalytic studies. For over a decade I have worked in outpatient clinics, the community mental health sector and in private practice both in the USA and Australia. Additionally, I have an extensive research portfolio in psychoanalysis and clinical psychology.
I am a psychoanalyst and clinical psychologist in Fremantle consulting with adults, adolescents and children presenting with a wide range of mental health issues. I teach at the Lacan Circle of Australia and have postgraduate training in clinical psychology and psychoanalytic studies. For over a decade I have worked in outpatient clinics, the community mental health sector and in private practice both in the USA and Australia. Additionally, I have an extensive research portfolio in psychoanalysis and clinical psychology.
(08) 7079 4405 View (08) 7079 4405
Photo of Michelle Allinson, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Michelle Allinson
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
My focus is client centred, and over the years I have learned a great deal about human behaviour with particular regards to depression and trauma. I focus heavily on self compassion and the defences that can stop us from moving forward. Expect a down to earth, empathic and humanistic approach when you work with me.
My focus is client centred, and over the years I have learned a great deal about human behaviour with particular regards to depression and trauma. I focus heavily on self compassion and the defences that can stop us from moving forward. Expect a down to earth, empathic and humanistic approach when you work with me.
(08) 9468 6011 View (08) 9468 6011
Photo of Meg Waters, MPsych, MAPS, Psychologist
Meg Waters
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
South Fremantle, WA 6162
I am an experienced, compassionate, and genuine Clinical Psychologist who offers a wide range of assessment, report writing and counselling services for those over 16 years. I have worked in private practice, forensic settings and as a school psychologist over the years. My approach is warm and friendly and I endeavour to make you feel safe and at ease from the initial session.
I am an experienced, compassionate, and genuine Clinical Psychologist who offers a wide range of assessment, report writing and counselling services for those over 16 years. I have worked in private practice, forensic settings and as a school psychologist over the years. My approach is warm and friendly and I endeavour to make you feel safe and at ease from the initial session.
(08) 9470 5597 View (08) 9470 5597
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See more therapy options for South Fremantle

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in South Fremantle, WA

20+

Average cost per session

$202

Counsellors in South Fremantle, WA who prioritize treating:

92% Depression
88% Anxiety
84% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
80% Trauma and PTSD
76% Stress
64% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Medicare Rebates
58% Bupa
58% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in South Fremantle, WA see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in South Fremantle?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.