Counselling in Scarborough, WA

Photo of Indijah Bullman, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Indijah Bullman
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
I am a registered psychologist who is committed to supporting people to enrich their relationship with their inner and outer world. At the core of my practice is a drive towards synergising self-compassion with an awareness for helpful change processes. I am well versed at helping people to move through experiences of depression, anxiety, and change processes- be it in the workplace, in relationships, or in other life domains.
I am a registered psychologist who is committed to supporting people to enrich their relationship with their inner and outer world. At the core of my practice is a drive towards synergising self-compassion with an awareness for helpful change processes. I am well versed at helping people to move through experiences of depression, anxiety, and change processes- be it in the workplace, in relationships, or in other life domains.
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Photo of Renae Buckley, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Renae Buckley
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scarborough, WA 6019
I love helping people to empower themselves; to set boundaries, express their needs and to build self-love and kindness. I'm open-minded and flexible in my approach and offer a safe place to share and express without judgement :) I encourage self awareness and radical self responsibility and love to help people see things in a new way. I help you to see your strengths and to build new skills to move forward. Update: I will no longer be offering in-person sessions from April 2025 as I am due to have a baby! I am happy to see you as often as needed until then then:) Video sessions may still be available until May pending availability.
I love helping people to empower themselves; to set boundaries, express their needs and to build self-love and kindness. I'm open-minded and flexible in my approach and offer a safe place to share and express without judgement :) I encourage self awareness and radical self responsibility and love to help people see things in a new way. I help you to see your strengths and to build new skills to move forward. Update: I will no longer be offering in-person sessions from April 2025 as I am due to have a baby! I am happy to see you as often as needed until then then:) Video sessions may still be available until May pending availability.
(08) 6206 8146 View (08) 6206 8146
Photo of Alana Shapiro, Psychotherapist
Alana Shapiro
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
Alana is a psychosexual therapist specialising in holistic, trauma informed care to support both individuals and partnerships with their sexological needs. Some of these needs may include issues with sexual difficulties, gender or sexual identity, intimacy, pleasure, mismatched libido, desire discrepancies, intimate pain and other relationship struggles just to name a few. Down to earth and non-judgemental, she helps her clients break down barriers and find the language to communicate their lived experiences with more clarity. All gendered, sexual, racial and cultural identities are welcome and will be respected here.
Alana is a psychosexual therapist specialising in holistic, trauma informed care to support both individuals and partnerships with their sexological needs. Some of these needs may include issues with sexual difficulties, gender or sexual identity, intimacy, pleasure, mismatched libido, desire discrepancies, intimate pain and other relationship struggles just to name a few. Down to earth and non-judgemental, she helps her clients break down barriers and find the language to communicate their lived experiences with more clarity. All gendered, sexual, racial and cultural identities are welcome and will be respected here.
(03) 4517 6946 View (03) 4517 6946
Photo of Rez Akbarian, MPsych, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Rez Akbarian
Psychotherapist, MPsych, PACFA
Verified Verified
Online Only
My work is dedicated to helping people navigate a variety of concerns, including (but not limited to): Substance Use Disorders and co-occurring mental health challenges, Anxiety and Depression, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Sleep Issues Motivation, Self-Esteem, and Confidence. Additionally, I have completed an accredited Certificate in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy, which allows me to support clients in integrating their psychedelic experiences into their healing process. This innovative approach can be a powerful tool for growth and transformation.
My work is dedicated to helping people navigate a variety of concerns, including (but not limited to): Substance Use Disorders and co-occurring mental health challenges, Anxiety and Depression, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Sleep Issues Motivation, Self-Esteem, and Confidence. Additionally, I have completed an accredited Certificate in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy, which allows me to support clients in integrating their psychedelic experiences into their healing process. This innovative approach can be a powerful tool for growth and transformation.
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Photo of Yalda Cassidy, MA, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Yalda Cassidy
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
My role in therapy is to provide a space that is transparent, free of judgement and free of criticism to safely explore where you are, where you want to be, and whom you want to become. It is this sense of safety and trust that allows us to see ourselves clearly and allows us to break free from old subconscious habits and patterns making space to make conscious choices about our responses to triggers and situations. Many clients have described this experience as liberating and empowering, freeing them to grow and find meaning, purpose and fulfilment in life.
My role in therapy is to provide a space that is transparent, free of judgement and free of criticism to safely explore where you are, where you want to be, and whom you want to become. It is this sense of safety and trust that allows us to see ourselves clearly and allows us to break free from old subconscious habits and patterns making space to make conscious choices about our responses to triggers and situations. Many clients have described this experience as liberating and empowering, freeing them to grow and find meaning, purpose and fulfilment in life.
(08) 6493 7848 View (08) 6493 7848
Photo of Maggie Rose, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Maggie Rose
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
When working with adults I strive to provide a safe and secure environment where clients can explore their childhood and how it continues to affect their adult lives and relationships. When working with children I value a collaborative approach with parents, that is non-judgemental and respectful. I strive to provide parents with a treatment plan for their children and assist them to support the child in the longer term.
When working with adults I strive to provide a safe and secure environment where clients can explore their childhood and how it continues to affect their adult lives and relationships. When working with children I value a collaborative approach with parents, that is non-judgemental and respectful. I strive to provide parents with a treatment plan for their children and assist them to support the child in the longer term.
(08) 6493 7965 View (08) 6493 7965
Photo of Katie Larkin - Vision Counselling, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Vision Counselling
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Not Verified Not Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
We help individuals and couples across Perth who are struggling with anxiety, depression, or relationship issues to find clarity, emotional support, and strategies to overcome life’s challenges. Whether you're seeking individual therapy, couples therapy, or marriage counselling, our professional team at Vision Counselling provides confidential and compassionate counselling services in Perth. We offer a safe space where you can be heard and supported as you work towards improving communication, reducing stress, and regaining control of your mental health. Our goal is to guide you towards peace, happiness, and personal growth.
We help individuals and couples across Perth who are struggling with anxiety, depression, or relationship issues to find clarity, emotional support, and strategies to overcome life’s challenges. Whether you're seeking individual therapy, couples therapy, or marriage counselling, our professional team at Vision Counselling provides confidential and compassionate counselling services in Perth. We offer a safe space where you can be heard and supported as you work towards improving communication, reducing stress, and regaining control of your mental health. Our goal is to guide you towards peace, happiness, and personal growth.
1300 184 746 View 1300 184 746
Photo of Ronelle Olivier, MPsych, Psychologist
Ronelle Olivier
Psychologist, MPsych
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
"Choose courage over comfort. Choose whole hearts over armor. Choose the great adventure of being brave and afraid at the exact same time" - Brene Brown. My clients presents with the desire to be treated respectfully and as individuals. They want to improve their skill set in managing difficult emotions and become better at assessing information to make informed decisions about their life.
"Choose courage over comfort. Choose whole hearts over armor. Choose the great adventure of being brave and afraid at the exact same time" - Brene Brown. My clients presents with the desire to be treated respectfully and as individuals. They want to improve their skill set in managing difficult emotions and become better at assessing information to make informed decisions about their life.
(08) 7078 9514 View (08) 7078 9514
Photo of Cheryl Tan-Bell - Couples - Emdr, PACFA, Counsellor
Cheryl Tan-Bell - Couples - Emdr
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
Relationships are tough! Add in each other's trauma and you are bouncing off everyone like you're in a jumping castle. The old adage of 'individual stuff' and 'couple/s stuff' is true. Conversations can feel like they are going around in circles or rehashing old stuff. You feel stuck. Your partner/s feels stuck. No one is moving forward. This wasn't the life you imagined when you got together. It was meant to be rainbows and fairytales, not discussions around housework, money and sex - or friends and inlaws! What if I told you that 'your stuff' is affecting the relationship? It's a big possibility. It does not have to be that way!
Relationships are tough! Add in each other's trauma and you are bouncing off everyone like you're in a jumping castle. The old adage of 'individual stuff' and 'couple/s stuff' is true. Conversations can feel like they are going around in circles or rehashing old stuff. You feel stuck. Your partner/s feels stuck. No one is moving forward. This wasn't the life you imagined when you got together. It was meant to be rainbows and fairytales, not discussions around housework, money and sex - or friends and inlaws! What if I told you that 'your stuff' is affecting the relationship? It's a big possibility. It does not have to be that way!
(08) 6171 2914 View (08) 6171 2914
Photo of Dianne Kerridge - Crossway Counselling, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Crossway Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
My ideal client is someone struggling with life. The struggle could be with marriage/relationship difficulties, anxiety, depression, working through trauma, grief and loss, self-esteem issues, or maybe they just need to talk through a concern, or a major life decision. Whatever the issue they are seeking a good and caring listener who will help them to set clear goals in order to move forward with their life. They are ready for change and the work that’s required to bring it about.
My ideal client is someone struggling with life. The struggle could be with marriage/relationship difficulties, anxiety, depression, working through trauma, grief and loss, self-esteem issues, or maybe they just need to talk through a concern, or a major life decision. Whatever the issue they are seeking a good and caring listener who will help them to set clear goals in order to move forward with their life. They are ready for change and the work that’s required to bring it about.
(08) 6206 8849 View (08) 6206 8849
Photo of Teresa Goddard, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Teresa Goddard
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
As a Clinical Psychologist I have experience working with a range of mental health issues, like depression and anxiety disorders, personality disorders, anger and stress management, difficulties with self-esteem and self-compassion, disordered eating habits, adjustment difficulties, chronic illness, sleep difficulties, trauma and work-related issues. I pride myself on establishing a strong therapeutic alliance with clients of all ages and enjoy working from a person-centred and psychodynamic approach.
As a Clinical Psychologist I have experience working with a range of mental health issues, like depression and anxiety disorders, personality disorders, anger and stress management, difficulties with self-esteem and self-compassion, disordered eating habits, adjustment difficulties, chronic illness, sleep difficulties, trauma and work-related issues. I pride myself on establishing a strong therapeutic alliance with clients of all ages and enjoy working from a person-centred and psychodynamic approach.
(08) 6219 3860 View (08) 6219 3860
Photo of Ruth Christiansen, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ruth Christiansen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
Therapeutic counselling including focused psychological strategies, trauma therapy and EMDR therapy for anxiety and depression, PTSD, relationship and social issues, perinatal and parenting support, traumatic experiences, grief and loss, peri-menopause, migration, relocation and life transitions.
Therapeutic counselling including focused psychological strategies, trauma therapy and EMDR therapy for anxiety and depression, PTSD, relationship and social issues, perinatal and parenting support, traumatic experiences, grief and loss, peri-menopause, migration, relocation and life transitions.
(08) 6493 7461 View (08) 6493 7461
Photo of Anne-Marie Roelandt-Hodgskin - Mieke's Counselling, MC, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Mieke's Counselling
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
I am passionate about providing culturally sensitive counselling to help individuals and couples navigate life's complexities with empathy and understanding. As a registered counsellor with the Australian Counselling Association and a member of their College of Supervisors, I take a person-centred approach tailored to the unique needs, personalities, and life experiences of each client. I am honoured to walk alongside my clients in their journeys, helping them build resilience, restore connections, and find clarity and purpose in life’s challenges.
I am passionate about providing culturally sensitive counselling to help individuals and couples navigate life's complexities with empathy and understanding. As a registered counsellor with the Australian Counselling Association and a member of their College of Supervisors, I take a person-centred approach tailored to the unique needs, personalities, and life experiences of each client. I am honoured to walk alongside my clients in their journeys, helping them build resilience, restore connections, and find clarity and purpose in life’s challenges.
(08) 6206 8499 View (08) 6206 8499
Photo of Tristan Stein - Tristan Stein Therapy & Wellbeing , MA, PACFA, Counsellor
Tristan Stein Therapy & Wellbeing
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
Painful events and transitions can make us feel like the ground has been pulled out from under us. Moving forwards can feel daunting. We can feel stuck, overwhelmed and fearful. It takes courage to reach out to find a supportive therapist who can help you recover (or uncover) your self-trust and confidence. I am committed to creating a collaborative space that honours your uniqueness. I will bring me – my presence, compassion, experience and perspective – and I invite you to bring you – wherever you are at. Together, we will meet your challenges, finding a way forward that reflects who you truly are and what you want from life.
Painful events and transitions can make us feel like the ground has been pulled out from under us. Moving forwards can feel daunting. We can feel stuck, overwhelmed and fearful. It takes courage to reach out to find a supportive therapist who can help you recover (or uncover) your self-trust and confidence. I am committed to creating a collaborative space that honours your uniqueness. I will bring me – my presence, compassion, experience and perspective – and I invite you to bring you – wherever you are at. Together, we will meet your challenges, finding a way forward that reflects who you truly are and what you want from life.
(08) 6219 3667 View (08) 6219 3667
Photo of Deborah Wright - Perth Counselling & Psychotherapy Services, Psychotherapist
Perth Counselling & Psychotherapy Services
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
I work with heterosexual, multiracial, same sex couples and individuals who are in a place of questioning or are seeking help with a specific situation or event. Couples may be wanting some "fine tuning" in specific areas of their relationship or they may be experiencing a crisis due to an infidelity or breakdown in communication and may be unsure if they can or even want to, stay together. Individuals may be ready to explore childhood issues, dealing with trauma or having an existential crisis. I teach Circle of Security an attachment based parent program for caregivers wanting to parent differently to their parents.
I work with heterosexual, multiracial, same sex couples and individuals who are in a place of questioning or are seeking help with a specific situation or event. Couples may be wanting some "fine tuning" in specific areas of their relationship or they may be experiencing a crisis due to an infidelity or breakdown in communication and may be unsure if they can or even want to, stay together. Individuals may be ready to explore childhood issues, dealing with trauma or having an existential crisis. I teach Circle of Security an attachment based parent program for caregivers wanting to parent differently to their parents.
(08) 7078 8285 View (08) 7078 8285
Photo of Dr Lisa Harris, PhD, MACPA, Psychologist
Dr Lisa Harris
Psychologist, PhD, MACPA
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
Hi, I’m Dr Lisa Harris, Clinical Psychologist with over 16 years’ experience helping people from all walks of life. I love my job and wholeheartedly believe in the role that psychology has to play in helping people live happier and more meaningful lives.
Hi, I’m Dr Lisa Harris, Clinical Psychologist with over 16 years’ experience helping people from all walks of life. I love my job and wholeheartedly believe in the role that psychology has to play in helping people live happier and more meaningful lives.
(08) 7079 4374 View (08) 7079 4374
Photo of Dr Pia Kavanagh - Dr Pia Kavanagh - Clinical Psychologist/Supervisor, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Pia Kavanagh - Clinical Psychologist/Supervisor
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Board-Approved Supervisor working in private practice. I work predominantly from a psychodynamic approach, helping patients develop a greater understanding of themselves and others, including relational dynamics and defence mechanisms. Through this deep exploration of themselves, patients can learn more about what holds them back and develop more helpful ways of responding. In addition to individual psychotherapy, I am also a Board-Approved Supervisor and have current availability for new supervisees.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Board-Approved Supervisor working in private practice. I work predominantly from a psychodynamic approach, helping patients develop a greater understanding of themselves and others, including relational dynamics and defence mechanisms. Through this deep exploration of themselves, patients can learn more about what holds them back and develop more helpful ways of responding. In addition to individual psychotherapy, I am also a Board-Approved Supervisor and have current availability for new supervisees.
(08) 6490 9893 View (08) 6490 9893
Photo of Nadia Truong - Nadia Truong CARE Psychology Services , PsyBA General, Psychologist
Nadia Truong CARE Psychology Services
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
Nadia is a registered psychologist who places great emphasis on developing a therapeutic relationship with her clients and applies an individualised, client-centred approach to therapy. Her strengths-based approach helps clients to feel centred, affirmed, resilient and empowered so they can achieve potential personal growth. She is committed to a holistic approach to comprehensively address the various factors that may undermine a person’s resilience and sense of wellbeing. Nadia is also a Board Approved Supervisor with over 20 years of experience in the mental health sector.
Nadia is a registered psychologist who places great emphasis on developing a therapeutic relationship with her clients and applies an individualised, client-centred approach to therapy. Her strengths-based approach helps clients to feel centred, affirmed, resilient and empowered so they can achieve potential personal growth. She is committed to a holistic approach to comprehensively address the various factors that may undermine a person’s resilience and sense of wellbeing. Nadia is also a Board Approved Supervisor with over 20 years of experience in the mental health sector.
(08) 6219 3897 View (08) 6219 3897
Photo of Claire Hoarau - Aster Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Claire Hoarau - Aster Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scarborough, WA 6019
Not accepting new clients
Are you a young woman having difficulty with navigating big life transitions such as a career move, parenthood, study/schooling, a recent diagnosis, or a relationship breakdown? Perhaps you have identified anxiety, burnout, or ADHD symptoms as impacting your well-being and you need some perspective, compassion, and an original approach. I have a particularly keen interest in engaging with women over 18 to help them better manage the unique issues they face in an ever-changing world and assist them in living a life in line with their identified goals and values.
Are you a young woman having difficulty with navigating big life transitions such as a career move, parenthood, study/schooling, a recent diagnosis, or a relationship breakdown? Perhaps you have identified anxiety, burnout, or ADHD symptoms as impacting your well-being and you need some perspective, compassion, and an original approach. I have a particularly keen interest in engaging with women over 18 to help them better manage the unique issues they face in an ever-changing world and assist them in living a life in line with their identified goals and values.
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Photo of Mary-Anne Wallace, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Mary-Anne Wallace
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Scarborough, WA 6019
I work with both individuals and couples. I enjoy assisting people to overcome the particular challenges they are facing and to achieve their goals. I aim to create an environment where my clients feel comfortable and safe to talk openly about what they want and where they feel understood and accepted. I listen to their unique story and respond in a warm empathic manner.
I work with both individuals and couples. I enjoy assisting people to overcome the particular challenges they are facing and to achieve their goals. I aim to create an environment where my clients feel comfortable and safe to talk openly about what they want and where they feel understood and accepted. I listen to their unique story and respond in a warm empathic manner.
(08) 6493 7906 View (08) 6493 7906
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See more therapy options for Scarborough

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Scarborough, WA

40+

Average cost per session

$170

Counsellors in Scarborough, WA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
83% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
73% Stress
68% Coping Skills
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Bupa
55% Medibank Private
50% Medicare Rebates

How Counsellors in Scarborough, WA see their clients

95% In Person and Online
5% Online Only

Gender breakdown

92% Female
8% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Scarborough?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.