Psychologists and Therapists in Bullsbrook, WA

Nikkita Christabelle McNerney
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Bullsbrook, WA 6084
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming — whether you’re navigating loss, relationship challenges, major transitions, or simply feeling stuck. My role is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions at your own pace. I believe that healing begins when we feel truly seen and heard.
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming — whether you’re navigating loss, relationship challenges, major transitions, or simply feeling stuck. My role is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions at your own pace. I believe that healing begins when we feel truly seen and heard.
(08) 9515 8068 View (08) 9515 8068
Rachel Harvey Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Bullsbrook, WA 6084
Life can feel overwhelming, leaving you stuck or disconnected. You may be facing stress, loss, relationship issues, or low confidence. I offer a trauma-informed, holistic approach using CBT, ACT, and Solution-Focused Therapy to support emotional, physical, and relational wellbeing. Together, we’ll explore what's holding you back, build healthier patterns, and reconnect you with your true self. You deserve support. If you're ready, reach out to begin your healing journey. Contact me directly for a free 15 min consultation on 0478111191
Life can feel overwhelming, leaving you stuck or disconnected. You may be facing stress, loss, relationship issues, or low confidence. I offer a trauma-informed, holistic approach using CBT, ACT, and Solution-Focused Therapy to support emotional, physical, and relational wellbeing. Together, we’ll explore what's holding you back, build healthier patterns, and reconnect you with your true self. You deserve support. If you're ready, reach out to begin your healing journey. Contact me directly for a free 15 min consultation on 0478111191
(08) 9515 9009 View (08) 9515 9009
Anthony Hubeck
Counsellor, MC, PACFA
Bullsbrook, WA 6084
I believe that healing and personal growth are not only possible, but brings freedom! We all have issues we struggle with at times. I like being able to help people process their feelings enough to look within themselves, and their relationships, and to work towards a life they desire.
I believe that healing and personal growth are not only possible, but brings freedom! We all have issues we struggle with at times. I like being able to help people process their feelings enough to look within themselves, and their relationships, and to work towards a life they desire.
(08) 9515 7847 View (08) 9515 7847
Kerry Morrison - Empowerment2Be
Social Worker, AASW
Serves Area
Kerry, a proud Noongar counsellor, social worker and hypnotherapist, offers a practical, empathetic & neuroaffirming approach to support with depression, anxiety, grief, disability, ND, trauma, stress, relationships, parenting & perinatal wellbeing. She provides in-person and telehealth counselling, online and face-to-face workshops, NDIS and cultural consulting and professional supervision. Based in Australind, Kerry is available Tues, Wed & Fri in office, with telehealth options, free community walking groups, & workshops across WA for young adults approaching or leaving school, supporting smooth transitions and positive outcomes.
Kerry, a proud Noongar counsellor, social worker and hypnotherapist, offers a practical, empathetic & neuroaffirming approach to support with depression, anxiety, grief, disability, ND, trauma, stress, relationships, parenting & perinatal wellbeing. She provides in-person and telehealth counselling, online and face-to-face workshops, NDIS and cultural consulting and professional supervision. Based in Australind, Kerry is available Tues, Wed & Fri in office, with telehealth options, free community walking groups, & workshops across WA for young adults approaching or leaving school, supporting smooth transitions and positive outcomes.
(08) 6727 9881 View (08) 6727 9881
Felicitas Hilz
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with people who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or caught in patterns they can’t break—particularly around substance use, mental health, and emotional regulation. Many are dealing with stress, burnout, relationship strain, or past experiences that still impact their daily life. Some are in recovery and want to stay on track; others know something needs to change. I provide a structured, trauma-informed space where you’re supported and challenged, building insight, coping skills, and real-life strategies to help you regain control and move forward.
I work with people who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or caught in patterns they can’t break—particularly around substance use, mental health, and emotional regulation. Many are dealing with stress, burnout, relationship strain, or past experiences that still impact their daily life. Some are in recovery and want to stay on track; others know something needs to change. I provide a structured, trauma-informed space where you’re supported and challenged, building insight, coping skills, and real-life strategies to help you regain control and move forward.
(08) 6219 3237 View (08) 6219 3237
Healing Arts Psychotherapy and Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
Offering a safe, non-judgemental space where you can feel seen, supported & empowered. I provide trauma-informed counselling for children aged 6+, teens & adults, with a focus on FDV/DV, emotional abuse, coercive control, trauma recovery, CPTSD/PTSD, anxiety, ADHD, autism, emotional regulation difficulties incBPD. I also support grief, overwhelm, stress, low self-worth, relationship difficulties, life transitions & general mental health concerns. Sessions combine practical strategies for daily challenges with deeper therapeutic work to explore patterns, build insight, support healing & create longer-term change, in person or online.
Offering a safe, non-judgemental space where you can feel seen, supported & empowered. I provide trauma-informed counselling for children aged 6+, teens & adults, with a focus on FDV/DV, emotional abuse, coercive control, trauma recovery, CPTSD/PTSD, anxiety, ADHD, autism, emotional regulation difficulties incBPD. I also support grief, overwhelm, stress, low self-worth, relationship difficulties, life transitions & general mental health concerns. Sessions combine practical strategies for daily challenges with deeper therapeutic work to explore patterns, build insight, support healing & create longer-term change, in person or online.
(08) 9509 6007 View (08) 9509 6007
Serene Solutions Counselling Services
Psychotherapist, AMHSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
My ideal clients are individuals and couples navigating trauma, neurodiversity, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, chronic stress, emotional overwhelm, or major life transitions. Many come to therapy feeling unheard, exhausted, disconnected, or stuck in patterns that no longer serve them. At Serene Solutions, support is grounded in compassion, safety, and practical therapeutic strategies. Through trauma-informed psychotherapy, counselling, hypnotherapy, and reflective exploration, clients are supported to understand themselves better, strengthen coping skills, improve relationships, and find lasting emotional well-being
My ideal clients are individuals and couples navigating trauma, neurodiversity, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, chronic stress, emotional overwhelm, or major life transitions. Many come to therapy feeling unheard, exhausted, disconnected, or stuck in patterns that no longer serve them. At Serene Solutions, support is grounded in compassion, safety, and practical therapeutic strategies. Through trauma-informed psychotherapy, counselling, hypnotherapy, and reflective exploration, clients are supported to understand themselves better, strengthen coping skills, improve relationships, and find lasting emotional well-being
(08) 6361 7051 View (08) 6361 7051
Dhiya Patel
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Dhiya – Registered Psychologist with a special interest in working with people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds, as well as those who’ve experienced trauma. My passion for this work comes from a deep respect for the strength and resilience people show when navigating big life changes, identity, or healing from difficult experiences. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, adjustment factors, trauma, or just trying to make sense of where you’re at in life, I’m here to offer a space that feels safe, supportive, and judgment-free.
Hi, I'm Dhiya – Registered Psychologist with a special interest in working with people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds, as well as those who’ve experienced trauma. My passion for this work comes from a deep respect for the strength and resilience people show when navigating big life changes, identity, or healing from difficult experiences. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, adjustment factors, trauma, or just trying to make sense of where you’re at in life, I’m here to offer a space that feels safe, supportive, and judgment-free.
(08) 9516 2205 View (08) 9516 2205
Una Flood
Psychotherapist, ACA-L3
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life experiences, family dynamics and societal expectations can be challenging, if not overwhelming, for both children and adults. Una meets her clients with acceptance and compassion for how they show up in the world. Una's education and professional experience ensure she is equipped to provide therapy to children, adults, couples and families. Her work recognises that nobody exists in isolation, all clients are supported to resolve how they may have be impacted by the systems they exist within, whether that is their family, school, workplace or other. Una strives to assist her clients heal and foster resilience within themself.
Life experiences, family dynamics and societal expectations can be challenging, if not overwhelming, for both children and adults. Una meets her clients with acceptance and compassion for how they show up in the world. Una's education and professional experience ensure she is equipped to provide therapy to children, adults, couples and families. Her work recognises that nobody exists in isolation, all clients are supported to resolve how they may have be impacted by the systems they exist within, whether that is their family, school, workplace or other. Una strives to assist her clients heal and foster resilience within themself.
(07) 4803 2070 View (07) 4803 2070

More Therapists Nearby

Psychology in Como
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Como, WA 6152
Are you and your partner facing challenges in your relationship, or are you seeking a deeper understanding of each other? At the heart of my work is the belief that my role is to walk alongside clients as they discover the deeper parts of themselves. I provide a warm, caring, and supportive environment for individuals and couples, with a particular focus on helping clients understand how their past experiences.
Are you and your partner facing challenges in your relationship, or are you seeking a deeper understanding of each other? At the heart of my work is the belief that my role is to walk alongside clients as they discover the deeper parts of themselves. I provide a warm, caring, and supportive environment for individuals and couples, with a particular focus on helping clients understand how their past experiences.
0403 048 048 View 0403 048 048
Anna at AP Counselling - Infertility + Childless
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Online Only
Compassionate and specific counselling for women navigating Infertility, Childlessness, Miscarriage and other Pregnancy Loss. I'm a Lived Experience Counsellor who understands unexplained infertility and being Childless Not By Choice. I bring a unique and caring experience. The losses around fertility are heartbreaking and I can help you navigate this rocky terrain. Have you experienced Secondary Infertility? Have you suffered through unsuccessful IVF cycles? Are you experiencing grief since having an abortion? Exhausted, overwhelmed and grieving; come into a space that's safe for your grief.
Compassionate and specific counselling for women navigating Infertility, Childlessness, Miscarriage and other Pregnancy Loss. I'm a Lived Experience Counsellor who understands unexplained infertility and being Childless Not By Choice. I bring a unique and caring experience. The losses around fertility are heartbreaking and I can help you navigate this rocky terrain. Have you experienced Secondary Infertility? Have you suffered through unsuccessful IVF cycles? Are you experiencing grief since having an abortion? Exhausted, overwhelmed and grieving; come into a space that's safe for your grief.
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Jack Halse
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Wembley, WA 6014
At Precision Mind Psychology, I provide psychological services under Medicare, NDIS, Workers’ Compensation, ICWA, insurance and private funding. I work with adolescents, adults and families experiencing anxiety, ADHD, behavioural concerns, relationship difficulties, trauma and life transitions. Many of my clients come to therapy feeling overwhelmed, stuck or misunderstood, struggling to manage emotions, relationships, school or work. My approach is warm, collaborative and evidence-based, focusing on helping you better understand yourself, build practical coping strategies, and create meaningful, lasting change.
At Precision Mind Psychology, I provide psychological services under Medicare, NDIS, Workers’ Compensation, ICWA, insurance and private funding. I work with adolescents, adults and families experiencing anxiety, ADHD, behavioural concerns, relationship difficulties, trauma and life transitions. Many of my clients come to therapy feeling overwhelmed, stuck or misunderstood, struggling to manage emotions, relationships, school or work. My approach is warm, collaborative and evidence-based, focusing on helping you better understand yourself, build practical coping strategies, and create meaningful, lasting change.
(08) 6120 1714 View (08) 6120 1714
Philip Colin Roggio
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Subiaco, WA 6008
You may be carrying the impact of trauma, relationship hurt or long-term emotional strain. Perhaps you’ve pushed through life’s challenges but now feel stuck, overwhelmed or disconnected. I often work with women recovering from trauma and DV, business owners and tradesmen under pressure, men in their 30s–50s navigating identity or relationship stress, and young men 14–25 struggling with emotions, direction or self-worth.
You may be carrying the impact of trauma, relationship hurt or long-term emotional strain. Perhaps you’ve pushed through life’s challenges but now feel stuck, overwhelmed or disconnected. I often work with women recovering from trauma and DV, business owners and tradesmen under pressure, men in their 30s–50s navigating identity or relationship stress, and young men 14–25 struggling with emotions, direction or self-worth.
(08) 6490 9205 View (08) 6490 9205
My name is Johan Torsteinsrud, and my private practice is called Human Puzzles. I am a PACFA-certified professional counsellor who works mostly with international clients, with over ten years of experience in helping people from all walks of life find their way through life’s many challenges. My counselling sessions are conducted online. This provides a convenient and safe way for people to access support without the added stress of travelling to an office. I strive to create a safe space for all genders, races, cultures, bodies, sexual orientations, family constellations, and relationships.
My name is Johan Torsteinsrud, and my private practice is called Human Puzzles. I am a PACFA-certified professional counsellor who works mostly with international clients, with over ten years of experience in helping people from all walks of life find their way through life’s many challenges. My counselling sessions are conducted online. This provides a convenient and safe way for people to access support without the added stress of travelling to an office. I strive to create a safe space for all genders, races, cultures, bodies, sexual orientations, family constellations, and relationships.
(02) 9100 0570 View (02) 9100 0570
Dr Gabe Marranci
Counsellor, PhD, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
You can book a free 30-minute consultation with me from the start. I specialise in trauma, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders that cause ongoing pain and require real change. I also work with couples who want to reconnect, reduce conflict, and understand the patterns that keep them apart. I have specific experience in perinatal and postnatal depression. Many of my clients are insightful and self aware, yet still feel stuck inside their own responses. I offer 30 minutes rather than the usual 15, so you have enough time to gain clarity and decide whether working together feels right.
You can book a free 30-minute consultation with me from the start. I specialise in trauma, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders that cause ongoing pain and require real change. I also work with couples who want to reconnect, reduce conflict, and understand the patterns that keep them apart. I have specific experience in perinatal and postnatal depression. Many of my clients are insightful and self aware, yet still feel stuck inside their own responses. I offer 30 minutes rather than the usual 15, so you have enough time to gain clarity and decide whether working together feels right.
(02) 8403 0602 View (02) 8403 0602
Dragonfly Counselling and Consulting Services
Social Worker, AMHSW
Online Only
Hello! I’m Freya, an AASW Accredited Social Worker with over 10 years of experience in Mental Health and counselling. I provide compassionate, trauma-informed counselling by phone or video for people aged 16 and over. My approach is warm, non-judgmental, and centred on your pace and needs. If you are in NSW and have Victims of Crime funding, I’m an Approved Provider and can support you through this process too. You don’t have to face this alone- I’m here to help you feel heard, supported, and empowered to heal.
Hello! I’m Freya, an AASW Accredited Social Worker with over 10 years of experience in Mental Health and counselling. I provide compassionate, trauma-informed counselling by phone or video for people aged 16 and over. My approach is warm, non-judgmental, and centred on your pace and needs. If you are in NSW and have Victims of Crime funding, I’m an Approved Provider and can support you through this process too. You don’t have to face this alone- I’m here to help you feel heard, supported, and empowered to heal.
(02) 4012 6214 View (02) 4012 6214
Forward Thinking Psychology and Consulting
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Fremantle, WA 6160
Registered Psychologist helping motivated individuals create lasting wellbeing change. If you’re ready to feel more balanced, fulfilled and resilient long-term, I offer collaborative, evidence-based therapy tailored to you. Using CBT, ACT, Schema Therapy & mindfulness, we work together to understand patterns, build emotional strength, and align life with your deepest values. Perfect for those seeking sustainable growth — not just quick fixes — in a warm, non-judgmental space. Medicare rebates available. Let’s create real, lasting change — together.
Registered Psychologist helping motivated individuals create lasting wellbeing change. If you’re ready to feel more balanced, fulfilled and resilient long-term, I offer collaborative, evidence-based therapy tailored to you. Using CBT, ACT, Schema Therapy & mindfulness, we work together to understand patterns, build emotional strength, and align life with your deepest values. Perfect for those seeking sustainable growth — not just quick fixes — in a warm, non-judgmental space. Medicare rebates available. Let’s create real, lasting change — together.
(08) 6493 7830 View (08) 6493 7830
Perth Trauma and Relationship Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L4
2 Endorsed
Mindarie, WA 6030
My name is Elanie de Klerk and as a trauma-trained therapist, I support clients experiencing fthe effects of childhood trauma and PTSD using EMDR and Schema Therapy. Beyond trauma work, I am passionate about guiding couples through challenges like conflict, communication breakdowns, and infidelity. I support partners in rebuilding trust, deepening emotional bonds, and fulfilling each other’s needs. My approach fosters understanding, connection, and lasting relationship growth. With a compassionate, evidence-based focus, I empower individuals and couples to overcome past wounds and build healthier, more fulfilling lives together.
My name is Elanie de Klerk and as a trauma-trained therapist, I support clients experiencing fthe effects of childhood trauma and PTSD using EMDR and Schema Therapy. Beyond trauma work, I am passionate about guiding couples through challenges like conflict, communication breakdowns, and infidelity. I support partners in rebuilding trust, deepening emotional bonds, and fulfilling each other’s needs. My approach fosters understanding, connection, and lasting relationship growth. With a compassionate, evidence-based focus, I empower individuals and couples to overcome past wounds and build healthier, more fulfilling lives together.
(08) 7079 4212 View (08) 7079 4212
Phoebe Morwood
Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Serves Area
I work with adults who may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected, often living with anxiety, low mood, past trauma, or relationship struggles that don’t seem to shift. You might look like you’re coping, but inside feel exhausted or self-critical. Therapy with me is a space where you don’t have to hold it together. I integrate talk-based and body-aware (somatic) practices to help you understand your emotions, relate to yourself with compassion, and create meaningful, lasting change. So you can feel more at home in yourself, even in the midst of life’s challenges.
I work with adults who may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected, often living with anxiety, low mood, past trauma, or relationship struggles that don’t seem to shift. You might look like you’re coping, but inside feel exhausted or self-critical. Therapy with me is a space where you don’t have to hold it together. I integrate talk-based and body-aware (somatic) practices to help you understand your emotions, relate to yourself with compassion, and create meaningful, lasting change. So you can feel more at home in yourself, even in the midst of life’s challenges.
(02) 5605 3266 View (02) 5605 3266
Maria Crowley
Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Serves Area
An Accredited Mental Health Social Worker, with over 20yrs of experience as a therapist, currently working in private practice. Workcover registered, offering Medicare rebates and in the EAP space, for employees and their families. Previous experience includes working for government, with victims of domestic violence and with families on child protection orders. I also have experience working in the community, with refugees, homelessness, youth, families and couples. My practice actively includes working with LGBTQIA+ communities. This has included but is not limited to: bullying/ discrimination, relationship and identity issues.
An Accredited Mental Health Social Worker, with over 20yrs of experience as a therapist, currently working in private practice. Workcover registered, offering Medicare rebates and in the EAP space, for employees and their families. Previous experience includes working for government, with victims of domestic violence and with families on child protection orders. I also have experience working in the community, with refugees, homelessness, youth, families and couples. My practice actively includes working with LGBTQIA+ communities. This has included but is not limited to: bullying/ discrimination, relationship and identity issues.
(07) 2100 4863 View (07) 2100 4863

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Psychologists and Therapists in Bullsbrook, WA

< 10

Psychologists and Therapists in Bullsbrook, WA who prioritize treating:

89% Relationship Issues
89% Anxiety
78% Depression
67% Domestic Abuse
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Family Conflict
67% Stress

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Medicare Rebates
67% Medibank Private
67% NDIS

How Psychologists and Therapists in Bullsbrook, WA see their clients

89% In Person and Online
11% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bullsbrook?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.