Counselling in West Bendigo, VIC

Photo of Mark Horsman, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Mark Horsman
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Often in today's world, we get caught up in so many distractions on the outside that we are not always aware of our internal experiences. We walk around anxious and depressed, with critical thoughts of ourselves and others, and often live a reality that is separate from our own personal wishes and desires. I believe that therapy provides a safe space to step away from all the external distractions and focus on identifying and responding to our emotional world in the most open and connected way, which may have been too painful to do in the past.
Often in today's world, we get caught up in so many distractions on the outside that we are not always aware of our internal experiences. We walk around anxious and depressed, with critical thoughts of ourselves and others, and often live a reality that is separate from our own personal wishes and desires. I believe that therapy provides a safe space to step away from all the external distractions and focus on identifying and responding to our emotional world in the most open and connected way, which may have been too painful to do in the past.
(03) 7003 2065 View (03) 7003 2065
Photo of Carolyn Jardine, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Carolyn Jardine
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I assist clients who may be feeling a range of confusing and overwhelming thoughts and emotions in their life and, want to regain some sense of peace and hope for the future. You may be feeling stress, anxiety, sadness, depression, grief, anger and all the emotions that accompany a time when there is a loss of some kind. It may be the death of a loved one, but it can also be the loss of a relationship, friendship, independence, home, job, dreams and hopes or moving from one life stage to another.
I assist clients who may be feeling a range of confusing and overwhelming thoughts and emotions in their life and, want to regain some sense of peace and hope for the future. You may be feeling stress, anxiety, sadness, depression, grief, anger and all the emotions that accompany a time when there is a loss of some kind. It may be the death of a loved one, but it can also be the loss of a relationship, friendship, independence, home, job, dreams and hopes or moving from one life stage to another.
(03) 4422 2235 View (03) 4422 2235
Photo of Katie Varallo, MA, AThR, Counsellor
Katie Varallo
Counsellor, MA, AThR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Play, create, move and more, to inquire into your inner worlds, develop a deeper sense of self, and build stronger connections to self, others, and the world around. Trauma limits our capacity to see ourselves as we truly are. Playful and creative therapies can strengthen our sense of self, and support healing for both children who have experienced trauma, and adults who have experienced childhood trauma.
Play, create, move and more, to inquire into your inner worlds, develop a deeper sense of self, and build stronger connections to self, others, and the world around. Trauma limits our capacity to see ourselves as we truly are. Playful and creative therapies can strengthen our sense of self, and support healing for both children who have experienced trauma, and adults who have experienced childhood trauma.
(03) 4420 3903 View (03) 4420 3903
Photo of Louise Jansz - Fourfold Therapy, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Louise Jansz - Fourfold Therapy
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Louise is a PACFA registered psychotherapist and holistic counsellor. Using targeted interventions, including somatic experiencing and brainspotting, I guide you through life's transitions, fostering self-discovery and growth. I support both lifelong questing and short term crisis. You may be facing uncertainty, anxiety, depression, addiction or an identity crisis. We will work on strategies to manage emotions and adapt to changing circumstances. I create a safe haven to foster self-compassion, self-understanding as you learn to self-regulate, build resilience and communicate your needs as you gain momentum back in your life.
Louise is a PACFA registered psychotherapist and holistic counsellor. Using targeted interventions, including somatic experiencing and brainspotting, I guide you through life's transitions, fostering self-discovery and growth. I support both lifelong questing and short term crisis. You may be facing uncertainty, anxiety, depression, addiction or an identity crisis. We will work on strategies to manage emotions and adapt to changing circumstances. I create a safe haven to foster self-compassion, self-understanding as you learn to self-regulate, build resilience and communicate your needs as you gain momentum back in your life.
(03) 4240 3277 View (03) 4240 3277

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sylvia Charlton, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sylvia Charlton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bendigo, VIC 3550
Do you experience the impact of past trauma in your day to day life? Do you experience flashbacks, nightmares, or are triggered by certain things associated with memories from events that happened in the past? I can help you to understand your autonomic nervous system and why you experience defensive reactions such as fight, flight and freeze in certain situations long after the traumatic event happened. I can help you to recognise when the triggers impact your nervous system and your reaction to them. We can work towards returning the trauma to the past where it belongs, and restore your felt sense of safety.
Do you experience the impact of past trauma in your day to day life? Do you experience flashbacks, nightmares, or are triggered by certain things associated with memories from events that happened in the past? I can help you to understand your autonomic nervous system and why you experience defensive reactions such as fight, flight and freeze in certain situations long after the traumatic event happened. I can help you to recognise when the triggers impact your nervous system and your reaction to them. We can work towards returning the trauma to the past where it belongs, and restore your felt sense of safety.
(03) 4427 9997 View (03) 4427 9997
Photo of Venessa Nadolnik, MA, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Venessa Nadolnik
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Epsom, VIC 3551
If I imagine clients who would really benefit of reaching out to me, I see individuals who struggle with intense emotions, challenging relationships (with self and others), overwhelming cycles of anxiety, self-doubt and unhelpful coping behaviours, which are influence by complex mental health issues like eating disorders, personality disorders or past trauma. They seek a safe, supportive space to gain clarity and control. Their goals include building self-understanding, inner peace, and healthier habits. They’re ready to invest in therapy for sustainable growth, seeking guidance, tools, and genuine connection to make lasting change.
If I imagine clients who would really benefit of reaching out to me, I see individuals who struggle with intense emotions, challenging relationships (with self and others), overwhelming cycles of anxiety, self-doubt and unhelpful coping behaviours, which are influence by complex mental health issues like eating disorders, personality disorders or past trauma. They seek a safe, supportive space to gain clarity and control. Their goals include building self-understanding, inner peace, and healthier habits. They’re ready to invest in therapy for sustainable growth, seeking guidance, tools, and genuine connection to make lasting change.
(03) 4421 6732 View (03) 4421 6732
Photo of Harrison Carter - Get Psych'd Youth Psychology, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Get Psych'd Youth Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Bendigo, VIC 3550
At Get Psych'd we're all about reaching and enriching the lives of young people. Get Psych'd is a youth and young adults psychology practice in Bendigo supporting young people to overcome challenges and build a healthy mindset.
At Get Psych'd we're all about reaching and enriching the lives of young people. Get Psych'd is a youth and young adults psychology practice in Bendigo supporting young people to overcome challenges and build a healthy mindset.
(03) 4422 2104 View (03) 4422 2104
Photo of Jordan Shane Springer - Boundless Minds Therapy, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Boundless Minds Therapy
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Jordan and I am a registered Psychologist located in Ballarat, Victoria. I work with people over the age of 16 in enhancing the quality of their life, from boosting their confidence, building healthier relationships to finding more meaning and purpose in their lives. Supporting people to achieve their mental health goals by empowering them to overcome personal challenges and build resilience is something I'm passionate about.
Hi, I'm Jordan and I am a registered Psychologist located in Ballarat, Victoria. I work with people over the age of 16 in enhancing the quality of their life, from boosting their confidence, building healthier relationships to finding more meaning and purpose in their lives. Supporting people to achieve their mental health goals by empowering them to overcome personal challenges and build resilience is something I'm passionate about.
(03) 4327 9375 View (03) 4327 9375
Photo of Alexandra M Crocker - MyTimeWithAlex, MC, ACA-L4, Counsellor
MyTimeWithAlex
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Castlemaine, VIC 3450
Waitlist for new clients
While I have 20 years’ experience working therapeutically with adults, children, adolescents & their families who have experienced trauma, this is more than just a job for me. I am a deeply philosophical & spiritual person, & am not afraid to contemplate the big questions or to go to dark places with you, so you don’t feel alone. I am deeply empathic, warm & kind and have this way of just being with you - no matter how, or where you are. I am deeply respectful, practical & expressive (I will laugh a lot!) & hold a strong vision for my clients, so we can work towards your goals & dreams, even if it feels dangerous to hope for more.
While I have 20 years’ experience working therapeutically with adults, children, adolescents & their families who have experienced trauma, this is more than just a job for me. I am a deeply philosophical & spiritual person, & am not afraid to contemplate the big questions or to go to dark places with you, so you don’t feel alone. I am deeply empathic, warm & kind and have this way of just being with you - no matter how, or where you are. I am deeply respectful, practical & expressive (I will laugh a lot!) & hold a strong vision for my clients, so we can work towards your goals & dreams, even if it feels dangerous to hope for more.
0493 458 334 View 0493 458 334
Photo of Genevieve Thornton, MA, AThR, Counsellor
Genevieve Thornton
Counsellor, MA, AThR
Verified Verified
Kennington, VIC 3550
My approach is warm, person-centred and collaborative. I am a Counsellor and Art Therapist specialising in working with children, adolescents, and adults. I offer professional support and guidance to individuals.
My approach is warm, person-centred and collaborative. I am a Counsellor and Art Therapist specialising in working with children, adolescents, and adults. I offer professional support and guidance to individuals.
(03) 4422 2080 View (03) 4422 2080
Photo of Melanie Brae Young - Melanie Brae Young - Less Travelled Counselling, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Melanie Brae Young - Less Travelled Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, I’m Melanie. You can call me Mel. I’m a counsellor, artist, educator and traverser of life paths less travelled. I work with people who feel out of step with the norm, who are not following the expected ‘life script’, and who want to embrace their uniqueness and craft an authentic and meaningful life - but feel stuck in making this happen. You don’t have to do this alone.
Hi, I’m Melanie. You can call me Mel. I’m a counsellor, artist, educator and traverser of life paths less travelled. I work with people who feel out of step with the norm, who are not following the expected ‘life script’, and who want to embrace their uniqueness and craft an authentic and meaningful life - but feel stuck in making this happen. You don’t have to do this alone.
(03) 4422 4297 View (03) 4422 4297
Photo of Coralie Ponsinet, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Coralie Ponsinet
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am an authentic and bubbly French-Australian human who made the decision to become a counsellor after my own lived experiences of mental and physical health struggles. Born in rural France, where none ever talked about mental health, I began my adult life as a high-achieving corporate professional who believed the only approach to life’s problems was to “get on with it” and just find a way to keep going. Until I realised this didn’t actually work effectively or wholeheartedly and discovered that mental health is a real, normal, valid part of being a human. I now walk the talk and value my physical, mental, emotional health.
I am an authentic and bubbly French-Australian human who made the decision to become a counsellor after my own lived experiences of mental and physical health struggles. Born in rural France, where none ever talked about mental health, I began my adult life as a high-achieving corporate professional who believed the only approach to life’s problems was to “get on with it” and just find a way to keep going. Until I realised this didn’t actually work effectively or wholeheartedly and discovered that mental health is a real, normal, valid part of being a human. I now walk the talk and value my physical, mental, emotional health.
(03) 7003 2464 View (03) 7003 2464
Photo of Ali Burley, Counsellor
Ali Burley
Counsellor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Golden Square, VIC 3555
Life can be exhilarating and scary at the same time. Figuring out what’s important to us and how to get it can be tricky. I particularly love working with 15-25 year olds and anyone who still feels like a big kid..so let’s talk...0402437406. Want to clarify how you got to be who you are? Need help to accept your likeable and not so likeable self? Want to explore your identity and establish your independence? Relationships not going the way you would like?
Life can be exhilarating and scary at the same time. Figuring out what’s important to us and how to get it can be tricky. I particularly love working with 15-25 year olds and anyone who still feels like a big kid..so let’s talk...0402437406. Want to clarify how you got to be who you are? Need help to accept your likeable and not so likeable self? Want to explore your identity and establish your independence? Relationships not going the way you would like?
(03) 8771 5947 View (03) 8771 5947
Photo of Tracey O'DONNELL, AASW, Counsellor
Tracey O'DONNELL
Counsellor, AASW
Verified Verified
Online Only
With an eclectic approach to the therapeutic space, I draw from integrated approaches in recognition that we are all unique and there is no one model that suits us all. In the therapeutic relationship, you are the expert in your own life – you bring yourself, your experiences and your wisdom, and I bring my training, experience and compassion. I am a social worker and counsellor with 20 years of experience providing individual counselling to people from many different communities, particularly people who have experienced abuse and trauma.
With an eclectic approach to the therapeutic space, I draw from integrated approaches in recognition that we are all unique and there is no one model that suits us all. In the therapeutic relationship, you are the expert in your own life – you bring yourself, your experiences and your wisdom, and I bring my training, experience and compassion. I am a social worker and counsellor with 20 years of experience providing individual counselling to people from many different communities, particularly people who have experienced abuse and trauma.
(08) 6017 3292 View (08) 6017 3292
Photo of Caralyn Collins - Guiding Steps, PsychD, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Guiding Steps
Counsellor, PsychD, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Bendigo, VIC 3550
Hi, I am Caralyn, a Bendigo-based therapeutic counsellor and coach. I truly believe everyone has their own unique capabilities and, with the right level of support, can achieve whatever is important to them through counselling. Guiding Steps is unique in approach incorporating coaching into the counselling plan to ensure the person has the right level of support to learn, implement and build skills they identify during their therapy sessions. I am passionate about tailoring the counselling support to the person’s needs and preferences. My motto is “support is person-first, person-directed and meaningful to them”.
Hi, I am Caralyn, a Bendigo-based therapeutic counsellor and coach. I truly believe everyone has their own unique capabilities and, with the right level of support, can achieve whatever is important to them through counselling. Guiding Steps is unique in approach incorporating coaching into the counselling plan to ensure the person has the right level of support to learn, implement and build skills they identify during their therapy sessions. I am passionate about tailoring the counselling support to the person’s needs and preferences. My motto is “support is person-first, person-directed and meaningful to them”.
(03) 4422 2440 View (03) 4422 2440
Photo of Loz Craig - Trafmor Group , PACFA, Counsellor
Trafmor Group
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Heathcote, VIC 3523
Do you feel depressed? overwhelmed? like there is too much going on or your losing control of your life? Are you an emotional wreck? Feeling sad, angry or just over it all...Not concentrating at work, around others? Are you getting frustrated or angry with other people...sounds like your mental or emotional health is a little out of balance - that's where we can help. We all need either a minor or a major tune up every now and then.
Do you feel depressed? overwhelmed? like there is too much going on or your losing control of your life? Are you an emotional wreck? Feeling sad, angry or just over it all...Not concentrating at work, around others? Are you getting frustrated or angry with other people...sounds like your mental or emotional health is a little out of balance - that's where we can help. We all need either a minor or a major tune up every now and then.
(03) 4160 2522 View (03) 4160 2522
Photo of Pip (Hannah) Fell, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Pip (Hannah) Fell
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Pip (Hannah) Fell and I am a registered counselling psychologist. I have worked extensively in private practice, community health, trauma rehabilitation services and fertility services around Melbourne since 2015. I have experience working with people who encounter a broad range of mental health issues, including but not limited to; anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationship difficulties, trauma, identity matters, fertility concerns, and personality disorders.
My name is Pip (Hannah) Fell and I am a registered counselling psychologist. I have worked extensively in private practice, community health, trauma rehabilitation services and fertility services around Melbourne since 2015. I have experience working with people who encounter a broad range of mental health issues, including but not limited to; anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationship difficulties, trauma, identity matters, fertility concerns, and personality disorders.
(03) 7003 2442 View (03) 7003 2442
Photo of Adam Sadd - Adam Sadd, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Adam Sadd
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Is your mental health impacting you at home or at work? I am here to help. In my therapy work, I hear that my clients are seeking: practical tools and techniques; improvement in their mood; techniques to manage stress and anxiety; freedom from negative mindsets; and a Psychologist who can support them to manage their mental health challenges both at home and at work. In short, they are seeking to return to good mental health, and to thrive in both their personal and professional lives. My experience working as a Psychologist, HR professional, and a Leader enables me to support people to be their best both at home and at work.
Is your mental health impacting you at home or at work? I am here to help. In my therapy work, I hear that my clients are seeking: practical tools and techniques; improvement in their mood; techniques to manage stress and anxiety; freedom from negative mindsets; and a Psychologist who can support them to manage their mental health challenges both at home and at work. In short, they are seeking to return to good mental health, and to thrive in both their personal and professional lives. My experience working as a Psychologist, HR professional, and a Leader enables me to support people to be their best both at home and at work.
(07) 3132 0789 View (07) 3132 0789
Photo of Jemma Mathers - Bloom Well-being, AASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bloom Well-being
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you struggling to connect with yourself or others? Maybe you’re feeling disconnected from your emotions or body, or carrying the weight of past trauma? At Bloom Well-being, we specialise in helping those who’ve faced difficult childhoods, abusive relationships, or life-altering experiences. Our compassionate team is dedicated to creating a space where you feel seen, heard, and valued. We believe you are the expert of your own story, and we’re here to support you on your healing journey with warmth, respect, and professional care.
Are you struggling to connect with yourself or others? Maybe you’re feeling disconnected from your emotions or body, or carrying the weight of past trauma? At Bloom Well-being, we specialise in helping those who’ve faced difficult childhoods, abusive relationships, or life-altering experiences. Our compassionate team is dedicated to creating a space where you feel seen, heard, and valued. We believe you are the expert of your own story, and we’re here to support you on your healing journey with warmth, respect, and professional care.
(03) 5316 7205 View (03) 5316 7205
Photo of Wayne Featherstone, PhD, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wayne Featherstone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am a Mental Health Social Worker, Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist, and Counsellor with more than 40 years’ experience. I now work exclusively in private practice as a Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist, and as a registered Mental Health Provider through the Better Access to Mental Health Programme. Previously, I spent many years working in a wide variety of psychiatric settings including Adult Inpatient Services, Mental Health Outpatient Clinics and, more recently, Primary Mental Health contexts.I have a strong interest in literary and artistic modes of expressing and working through emotional conflicts.
I am a Mental Health Social Worker, Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist, and Counsellor with more than 40 years’ experience. I now work exclusively in private practice as a Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist, and as a registered Mental Health Provider through the Better Access to Mental Health Programme. Previously, I spent many years working in a wide variety of psychiatric settings including Adult Inpatient Services, Mental Health Outpatient Clinics and, more recently, Primary Mental Health contexts.I have a strong interest in literary and artistic modes of expressing and working through emotional conflicts.
(03) 8372 0433 View (03) 8372 0433

See more therapy options for West Bendigo

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in West Bendigo, VIC

< 10

Counsellors in West Bendigo, VIC who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
75% Bereavement
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Substance Use
75% Coping Skills
75% Stress

Average years in practice

1 Year

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male

How Counsellors in West Bendigo, VIC see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in West Bendigo?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.