Psychodynamic Psychologists and Therapists in Saint Kilda East, VIC

Photo of Zipporah Oliver O.a.m. - Headway Therapy Online, Psychologist, MAPS
Headway Therapy Online
Psychologist, MAPS
Online Only
I use a range of evidence-based therapies, including psychodynamic therapy, CBT, Solution-Focused Therapy, couples counselling, and mindfulness, tailored to your unique needs.
Welcome! My name is Zipporah, I am a passionate and dedicated psychologist and Founder and Director at Headway Therapy Online. I understand that life can be challenging, and seeking help is a brave and important step toward healing and growth. My approach to therapy stems from a genuine commitment to supporting individuals in navigating the complexities of life’s emotional and mental health struggles and situations. Whether you are dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship challenges; I am here to provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can develop skills to support you through your journey.
I use a range of evidence-based therapies, including psychodynamic therapy, CBT, Solution-Focused Therapy, couples counselling, and mindfulness, tailored to your unique needs.
Welcome! My name is Zipporah, I am a passionate and dedicated psychologist and Founder and Director at Headway Therapy Online. I understand that life can be challenging, and seeking help is a brave and important step toward healing and growth. My approach to therapy stems from a genuine commitment to supporting individuals in navigating the complexities of life’s emotional and mental health struggles and situations. Whether you are dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship challenges; I am here to provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can develop skills to support you through your journey.
(03) 9068 5216 View (03) 9068 5216
Photo of Dr Laura Ash, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Laura Ash
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Online Only
My therapeutic practice is informed by evidence based treatments including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Schema Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
As a clinical psychologist, I have 15 years of experience supporting adults as well as vulnerable young people and their families presenting with mental health concerns. A warm, caring and empathic approach is used to support clients. I am focused on developing a strong therapeutic relationship and collaborative understanding of my clients concerns. Sessions are informed by evidence-based treatment approaches that aim to achieve effective outcomes.
My therapeutic practice is informed by evidence based treatments including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Schema Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
As a clinical psychologist, I have 15 years of experience supporting adults as well as vulnerable young people and their families presenting with mental health concerns. A warm, caring and empathic approach is used to support clients. I am focused on developing a strong therapeutic relationship and collaborative understanding of my clients concerns. Sessions are informed by evidence-based treatment approaches that aim to achieve effective outcomes.
(03) 7003 2653 View (03) 7003 2653
Photo of Dr Christine Deftereos, Social Worker, PhD, AMHSW
Dr Christine Deftereos
Social Worker, PhD, AMHSW
1 Endorsed
Saint Kilda East, VIC 3183
I am a Lacanian Psychoanalyst, Accredited Metal Health Social Work and Psychotherapist who hold specialized accreditations in working with Complex Trauma, Acute Stress and Post Traumatic Stress Disorders and a range of mental health presentations. I am committed to providing best practice trauma informed care in a confidential, sensitive and validating therapeutic space, with an emphasis on ‘learning to live with our stories.’ My primary ethical commitment is to provide a safe non-judgmental space for ‘bearing witness,’ for truth telling,’ and in sharing your ‘lived experiences’ via free association. I am also an EMDR Practitioner.
I am a Lacanian Psychoanalyst, Accredited Metal Health Social Work and Psychotherapist who hold specialized accreditations in working with Complex Trauma, Acute Stress and Post Traumatic Stress Disorders and a range of mental health presentations. I am committed to providing best practice trauma informed care in a confidential, sensitive and validating therapeutic space, with an emphasis on ‘learning to live with our stories.’ My primary ethical commitment is to provide a safe non-judgmental space for ‘bearing witness,’ for truth telling,’ and in sharing your ‘lived experiences’ via free association. I am also an EMDR Practitioner.
(03) 7003 2924 View (03) 7003 2924
Photo of Chris Bolton, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Chris Bolton
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
My practice is informed by the psychodynamic model of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP), while also incorporating aspects of CBT and mindfulness.
I place an emphasis on a respectful relationship where thoughts and feelings are treated with sensitivity and honesty. I provide a supportive and relaxed environment, and believe that no thought or feeling deserves judgment in therapy. I enjoy helping people with anxiety, phobias, OCD, depression, trauma, problems with assertiveness, anger, behavioural problems, and relationship issues. I hope to offer people an opportunity to understand what is happening inside themselves that is causing their suffering, to build skills to regulate anxiety, to gain stability in relationships, and to heal and unlock potential.
My practice is informed by the psychodynamic model of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP), while also incorporating aspects of CBT and mindfulness.
I place an emphasis on a respectful relationship where thoughts and feelings are treated with sensitivity and honesty. I provide a supportive and relaxed environment, and believe that no thought or feeling deserves judgment in therapy. I enjoy helping people with anxiety, phobias, OCD, depression, trauma, problems with assertiveness, anger, behavioural problems, and relationship issues. I hope to offer people an opportunity to understand what is happening inside themselves that is causing their suffering, to build skills to regulate anxiety, to gain stability in relationships, and to heal and unlock potential.
(03) 7003 2703 View (03) 7003 2703
Photo of Dr Justin Olstein, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Dr Justin Olstein
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I draw upon psychodynamic and schema therapy approaches to help identify and repair problematic emotional and behavioural patterns.
I obtained a doctorate of psychology, and have experience working in public mental health settings and private practice. I have a special interest in working with LGBTQIA+ clients. I also work with anxiety, low mood, life transitions, substance use issues, family/relationship issues, grief/loss, self-esteem and trauma (including intergenerational trauma).
I draw upon psychodynamic and schema therapy approaches to help identify and repair problematic emotional and behavioural patterns.
I obtained a doctorate of psychology, and have experience working in public mental health settings and private practice. I have a special interest in working with LGBTQIA+ clients. I also work with anxiety, low mood, life transitions, substance use issues, family/relationship issues, grief/loss, self-esteem and trauma (including intergenerational trauma).
0411 742 636 View 0411 742 636
Photo of Christina Kioulafas, Counsellor, PACFA
Christina Kioulafas
Counsellor, PACFA
Serves Area
Are you feeling stuck? Do you feel like there are always challenges that stop you from a balanced life? Or maybe you are struggling with the same patterns and trauma that just won't go away? Modern life can be so complicated, there is so much happening in the world it can be hard to find our own place in it. People are struggling in this global climate. Counselling can help you to connect to yourself. So often we think about connection to others, but how can we do that when we feel a sense of unrest and disconnection to our true self?
Are you feeling stuck? Do you feel like there are always challenges that stop you from a balanced life? Or maybe you are struggling with the same patterns and trauma that just won't go away? Modern life can be so complicated, there is so much happening in the world it can be hard to find our own place in it. People are struggling in this global climate. Counselling can help you to connect to yourself. So often we think about connection to others, but how can we do that when we feel a sense of unrest and disconnection to our true self?
(03) 7003 2090 View (03) 7003 2090
Photo of Elizabeth Anile, Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L2
Elizabeth Anile
Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L2
Serves Area
I work with individuals who feel stuck in patterns of anxiety, self-doubt, or overwhelm and are ready to explore what’s beneath the surface. They may face unresolved trauma, emotional struggles, or relationship challenges. They seek a safe, supportive space to gain clarity and untangle their feelings. Their goal is to feel balanced, connected to their true self, and empowered to navigate life with confidence. They’re motivated by a desire for growth and a deeper sense of peace, authenticity, and fulfillment.
I work with individuals who feel stuck in patterns of anxiety, self-doubt, or overwhelm and are ready to explore what’s beneath the surface. They may face unresolved trauma, emotional struggles, or relationship challenges. They seek a safe, supportive space to gain clarity and untangle their feelings. Their goal is to feel balanced, connected to their true self, and empowered to navigate life with confidence. They’re motivated by a desire for growth and a deeper sense of peace, authenticity, and fulfillment.
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Photo of Dr Shalya Hirschson, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Dr Shalya Hirschson
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Serves Area
As a psychologist, I feel privileged, to observe & work with the difficult life experiences, which lead individuals to engage in therapy. I believe that therapy is a form of self-exploration & learning. In sessions, I use safe, containing ways to help clients process their thoughts and feelings, gaining insight and understanding, so that they can navigate the world around them, with a sense of confidence, purpose and hope. I help clients develop skills to manage their discomfort, pain, uncertainty and fear, to facilitate change in their lives and improve their overall sense of well-being.
As a psychologist, I feel privileged, to observe & work with the difficult life experiences, which lead individuals to engage in therapy. I believe that therapy is a form of self-exploration & learning. In sessions, I use safe, containing ways to help clients process their thoughts and feelings, gaining insight and understanding, so that they can navigate the world around them, with a sense of confidence, purpose and hope. I help clients develop skills to manage their discomfort, pain, uncertainty and fear, to facilitate change in their lives and improve their overall sense of well-being.
(03) 9988 1271 View (03) 9988 1271
Photo of Melissa Jane Freedman, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Melissa Jane Freedman
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Serves Area
A registered psychotherapist, Melissa has a Master’s Degree in Counselling and Psychotherapy and is registered with the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA), and the Australian Counselling Association (ACA). Melissa uses a range of evidenced based approaches, tailoring the therapy to best suit the individual needs of her clients.
A registered psychotherapist, Melissa has a Master’s Degree in Counselling and Psychotherapy and is registered with the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA), and the Australian Counselling Association (ACA). Melissa uses a range of evidenced based approaches, tailoring the therapy to best suit the individual needs of her clients.
(03) 9070 3508 View (03) 9070 3508
Photo of Dr Tanja Takala, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Tanja Takala
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
I specialise in trauma-focused therapy and integrate a range of modalities to meet my clients’ needs, including EMDR, IFS, parts-work, psychodynamic therapy, ACT and CBT.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and EMDR therapist working in Williamstown and the CBD (Flagstaff Gardens). I am passionate about working with individuals who are experiencing the effects of traumatic or stressful life events (current or historical) and hope to better understand their inner world, develop tools for regulating their emotions, and feel more confident in navigating life's challenges. I am committed to providing gender and neurodivergent affirming care and creating a safe space for those who wish to explore their identities, cultivate self-compassion and feel empowered to live life as their most authentic selves.
I specialise in trauma-focused therapy and integrate a range of modalities to meet my clients’ needs, including EMDR, IFS, parts-work, psychodynamic therapy, ACT and CBT.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and EMDR therapist working in Williamstown and the CBD (Flagstaff Gardens). I am passionate about working with individuals who are experiencing the effects of traumatic or stressful life events (current or historical) and hope to better understand their inner world, develop tools for regulating their emotions, and feel more confident in navigating life's challenges. I am committed to providing gender and neurodivergent affirming care and creating a safe space for those who wish to explore their identities, cultivate self-compassion and feel empowered to live life as their most authentic selves.
(03) 7003 2457 View (03) 7003 2457
Photo of Dr Cassie Roberts - Dr Cassie Roberts - Clinical Psychologist, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Cassie Roberts - Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Hello, my name is Cassie and I'm a clinical psychologist working with adolescents and adults. The main areas I work with are; Anxiety, Low Mood, Perfectionism, OCD, Low Self-Esteem and Trauma. Perhaps you are looking to better understand yourself and your relationships, to connect with your thoughts and feelings, to reduce stress and worry, improve your self-esteem, overcome trauma or work on something from the past that is holding you back? Therapy can provide an opportunity for change. I use a variety of evidence-based approaches, including: CBT, ACT, Compassion-Focused, Narrative, Exposure Therapy and Trauma-informed approaches.
Hello, my name is Cassie and I'm a clinical psychologist working with adolescents and adults. The main areas I work with are; Anxiety, Low Mood, Perfectionism, OCD, Low Self-Esteem and Trauma. Perhaps you are looking to better understand yourself and your relationships, to connect with your thoughts and feelings, to reduce stress and worry, improve your self-esteem, overcome trauma or work on something from the past that is holding you back? Therapy can provide an opportunity for change. I use a variety of evidence-based approaches, including: CBT, ACT, Compassion-Focused, Narrative, Exposure Therapy and Trauma-informed approaches.
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Photo of Lucianne Grixti, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Lucianne Grixti
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with people who may be feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain, and who are seeking more than a quick fix. Often, they are thoughtful, sensitive, and curious about themselves and their relationships, with a sense that there is something deeper to be understood. They may be struggling with recurring patterns, emotional pain, or difficulties that feel hard to explain. In our work together, I offer a steady, reflective space to explore these experiences, supporting greater self-understanding and the possibility of meaningful, lasting change.
I work with people who may be feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain, and who are seeking more than a quick fix. Often, they are thoughtful, sensitive, and curious about themselves and their relationships, with a sense that there is something deeper to be understood. They may be struggling with recurring patterns, emotional pain, or difficulties that feel hard to explain. In our work together, I offer a steady, reflective space to explore these experiences, supporting greater self-understanding and the possibility of meaningful, lasting change.
0434 142 295 View 0434 142 295
Photo of Ronnie Adamowicz, Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Ronnie Adamowicz
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Serves Area
Are you feeling stuck, like something important is missing from your life, but you can't quite put your finger on it? Do you find it challenging to have your emotional needs met in relationships? Are you trapped in repetitive patterns, struggling to define healthy boundaries? There is a reason behind these struggles, and together, we will uncover what is holding you back, providing you with the clarity and confidence needed to turn things around. I specialize in somatic therapy, an approach that dives deep into the core of unresolved trauma within the body, facilitating rapid healing.
Are you feeling stuck, like something important is missing from your life, but you can't quite put your finger on it? Do you find it challenging to have your emotional needs met in relationships? Are you trapped in repetitive patterns, struggling to define healthy boundaries? There is a reason behind these struggles, and together, we will uncover what is holding you back, providing you with the clarity and confidence needed to turn things around. I specialize in somatic therapy, an approach that dives deep into the core of unresolved trauma within the body, facilitating rapid healing.
(03) 7037 6993 View (03) 7037 6993
Photo of Lauren Ross, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Lauren Ross
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Serves Area
I'm trained in evidence-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioural, Psychodynamic Mindfulness therapies, DBT and ACT.
Do you have a wish to understand your mind, to become un-stuck, and to have healthier relationships with yourself and others? I launched Melbourne Psychology House to offer people an opportunity to understand what is happening inside themselves that is causing their suffering, to build skills to regulate anxiety, to gain stability in relationships, and to heal and unlock potential. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, relationship difficulties, women's health concerns, emotion regulation challenges, and more.
I'm trained in evidence-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioural, Psychodynamic Mindfulness therapies, DBT and ACT.
Do you have a wish to understand your mind, to become un-stuck, and to have healthier relationships with yourself and others? I launched Melbourne Psychology House to offer people an opportunity to understand what is happening inside themselves that is causing their suffering, to build skills to regulate anxiety, to gain stability in relationships, and to heal and unlock potential. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, relationship difficulties, women's health concerns, emotion regulation challenges, and more.
(03) 7003 2027 View (03) 7003 2027
Photo of Louise Jones, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Louise Jones
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Louise is an EMDR-accredited psychologist, providing trauma-focused and informed counselling and assessment services to people experiencing a wide range of mental health issues. She is committed to working with clients to move beyond symptom management to address the issues that are underlying their presenting concerns. Louise provides a safe and respectful space in which people can explore the challenges they are facing at a pace that is led by them and tailored to their specific needs.
Louise is an EMDR-accredited psychologist, providing trauma-focused and informed counselling and assessment services to people experiencing a wide range of mental health issues. She is committed to working with clients to move beyond symptom management to address the issues that are underlying their presenting concerns. Louise provides a safe and respectful space in which people can explore the challenges they are facing at a pace that is led by them and tailored to their specific needs.
(03) 8658 1285 View (03) 8658 1285

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sabrina M Brient, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Sabrina M Brient
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Brunswick East, VIC 3057
Waitlist for new clients
Her background in Clinical Psychology is enhanced by training in the following modalities: Psychodynamic Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Schema Therapy, Play-based therapy, Art-based therapy and Somatic based therapy.
Sabrina believes in the transformative power of authenticity and self-celebration for individuals of all ages. Her mission is to create a safe and affirming environment where clients of all ages feel able to unmask and focus on their goals without fear of judgment. She takes a person-led approach and firmly believes in combining her skills and training with a client’s expertise in their own experiences to empower them to thrive authentically as themselves. Sabrina’s approach to therapy is inclusive, neuro-divergent affirming, gender diversity affirming, and trauma-informed.
Her background in Clinical Psychology is enhanced by training in the following modalities: Psychodynamic Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Schema Therapy, Play-based therapy, Art-based therapy and Somatic based therapy.
Sabrina believes in the transformative power of authenticity and self-celebration for individuals of all ages. Her mission is to create a safe and affirming environment where clients of all ages feel able to unmask and focus on their goals without fear of judgment. She takes a person-led approach and firmly believes in combining her skills and training with a client’s expertise in their own experiences to empower them to thrive authentically as themselves. Sabrina’s approach to therapy is inclusive, neuro-divergent affirming, gender diversity affirming, and trauma-informed.
(03) 7303 3966 View (03) 7303 3966
Photo of Dr Tom Nguyen, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Tom Nguyen
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Tom is a clinical psychologist with many years of experience in the field. He has completed his Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Queensland (UQ) and has worked in a number of hospitals, non-profit organisations and private settings. Tom's main areas of interest include depression, treatment resistant depression, social anxiety, low self confidence, low self-esteem, motivational problems, relationship struggles, anger, self-harm behaviours, addictions, personality disorders, PTSD, FND and eating disorders. Tom is a full member of the Australian Clinical Psychology Association (ACPA).
Tom is a clinical psychologist with many years of experience in the field. He has completed his Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Queensland (UQ) and has worked in a number of hospitals, non-profit organisations and private settings. Tom's main areas of interest include depression, treatment resistant depression, social anxiety, low self confidence, low self-esteem, motivational problems, relationship struggles, anger, self-harm behaviours, addictions, personality disorders, PTSD, FND and eating disorders. Tom is a full member of the Australian Clinical Psychology Association (ACPA).
0403 920 429 View 0403 920 429
Photo of Brydan Xavier, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Brydan Xavier
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Prahran, VIC 3181
Brydan (he/him) works with adults of all backgrounds, and has a particular interest working with those within the LGBTI+ community. He supports his clients across various mental health challenges, and utilises an eclectic mix of therapy styles, including CBT, ACT, DBT, and EMDR. Brydan works with clients in Australia through his practice Brydan Xavier Psychology (www.brydanxavier.com.au) and travels internationally to work with clients abroad through his practice Global Minds Psychology (www.globalmindspsychology.com).
Brydan (he/him) works with adults of all backgrounds, and has a particular interest working with those within the LGBTI+ community. He supports his clients across various mental health challenges, and utilises an eclectic mix of therapy styles, including CBT, ACT, DBT, and EMDR. Brydan works with clients in Australia through his practice Brydan Xavier Psychology (www.brydanxavier.com.au) and travels internationally to work with clients abroad through his practice Global Minds Psychology (www.globalmindspsychology.com).
(03) 7003 2287 View (03) 7003 2287
Photo of Melissa O'Shea, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Melissa O'Shea
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Sunbury, VIC 3429
I offer psychodynamic psychotherapy to support individuals explore their internal worlds and developmental experiences in a bid to gaining insight into unhealthy patterns and root causes of mental health challenges.
I offer psychotherapy to individuals in a warm and compassionate environment. I work towards providing you a safe space where you can turn toward yourself, explore the complexities of your life, and work toward change and growth. I work with a range of mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship difficulties, grief and loss, and life transitions. I also work with couples to support them in exploring unresolved tensions and defeating patterns, and working through painful emotions toward rekindling connection and intimacy.
I offer psychodynamic psychotherapy to support individuals explore their internal worlds and developmental experiences in a bid to gaining insight into unhealthy patterns and root causes of mental health challenges.
I offer psychotherapy to individuals in a warm and compassionate environment. I work towards providing you a safe space where you can turn toward yourself, explore the complexities of your life, and work toward change and growth. I work with a range of mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship difficulties, grief and loss, and life transitions. I also work with couples to support them in exploring unresolved tensions and defeating patterns, and working through painful emotions toward rekindling connection and intimacy.
(03) 8007 2796 View (03) 8007 2796
Photo of Veronica Ojeda, MPsych
Veronica Ojeda
Verified Verified
Bonbeach, VIC 3196
For me is very important treat the person as an integral approach , looking after the inner world of the patients and how is the way can affect to their bodies, treating the psychosomatic illness. I try that the person be able to accomplish their projects, achieve their goals for physically and mentally wellness in the long term. For that I use all my knowledge and different learning techniques for more than 10 years of working with people in a confidentiallity ,respectful and trustful manners. My target is that the person achieve though the psychotherapy to be FREE, INDEPENDENT AND AUTONOMOUS.
For me is very important treat the person as an integral approach , looking after the inner world of the patients and how is the way can affect to their bodies, treating the psychosomatic illness. I try that the person be able to accomplish their projects, achieve their goals for physically and mentally wellness in the long term. For that I use all my knowledge and different learning techniques for more than 10 years of working with people in a confidentiallity ,respectful and trustful manners. My target is that the person achieve though the psychotherapy to be FREE, INDEPENDENT AND AUTONOMOUS.
(02) 4504 0125 View (02) 4504 0125
Psychodynamic Therapists
Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?
Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?
Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?
Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?
Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.