Psychologists and Therapists in Preston, VIC

Photo of Ghada El Zohbi - Ghada El Zohbi, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Ghada El Zohbi
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Preston, VIC 3072
Many women seek support during times of transition, stress, or uncertainty. You may be navigating changes in identity, relationships, or life direction. Some women come to therapy feeling overwhelmed by anxiety or low mood, others are trying to understand patterns in their relationships, emotions, or past experiences. Women’s mental health is often connected to broader life circumstances such as fertility challenges, pregnancy, early parenthood, chronic pelvic pain, or sexual health concerns affecting intimacy and wellbeing. For many, therapy becomes a space to reflect, feel heard, and work through life’s complexities with support.
Many women seek support during times of transition, stress, or uncertainty. You may be navigating changes in identity, relationships, or life direction. Some women come to therapy feeling overwhelmed by anxiety or low mood, others are trying to understand patterns in their relationships, emotions, or past experiences. Women’s mental health is often connected to broader life circumstances such as fertility challenges, pregnancy, early parenthood, chronic pelvic pain, or sexual health concerns affecting intimacy and wellbeing. For many, therapy becomes a space to reflect, feel heard, and work through life’s complexities with support.
(03) 9021 2033 View (03) 9021 2033
Photo of Michael Gate, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Michael Gate
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Preston, VIC 3072
I currently have a particular focus on couples therapy and relationship counselling. I work with couples who feel stuck in recurring conflict, emotional distance, communication difficulties, trust issues, or parenting-related stress. Many couples I see care deeply about each other but find themselves caught in patterns that are hard to shift alone.
I currently have a particular focus on couples therapy and relationship counselling. I work with couples who feel stuck in recurring conflict, emotional distance, communication difficulties, trust issues, or parenting-related stress. Many couples I see care deeply about each other but find themselves caught in patterns that are hard to shift alone.
0430 208 079 View 0430 208 079
Photo of Madeline McKenzie - Sit with Self, Social Worker, AMHSW
Sit with Self
Social Worker, AMHSW
Preston, VIC 3072
Hi there, I’m Madeline McKenzie, an accredited mental health social worker and founder of Sit with Self Counselling. I’m the right therapist for you if you’re a millennial 'good girl' who’s spent your life suppressing your emotions, needs, and desires to meet others' expectations. If perfectionism, people-pleasing, and self-doubt have left you stuck in burnout and inauthenticity, I can help. Together, we’ll work to shed the 'good girl' conditioning so you can step into your power, feel seen, valued, and free to express your true self.
Hi there, I’m Madeline McKenzie, an accredited mental health social worker and founder of Sit with Self Counselling. I’m the right therapist for you if you’re a millennial 'good girl' who’s spent your life suppressing your emotions, needs, and desires to meet others' expectations. If perfectionism, people-pleasing, and self-doubt have left you stuck in burnout and inauthenticity, I can help. Together, we’ll work to shed the 'good girl' conditioning so you can step into your power, feel seen, valued, and free to express your true self.
(03) 8104 9927 x614 View (03) 8104 9927 x614
D & M Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Preston, VIC 3072
Stan is a registered clinical psychologist with a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology and membership of the Australian Psychological Society. He has 16 years of training and experience and can speak in both Greek and English languages. He also has experience in working with adolescents, adults, older adults, and couples
Stan is a registered clinical psychologist with a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology and membership of the Australian Psychological Society. He has 16 years of training and experience and can speak in both Greek and English languages. He also has experience in working with adolescents, adults, older adults, and couples
0459 620 148 View 0459 620 148
Photo of Jen . - A Meaningful Chat, Counsellor, PACFA
A Meaningful Chat
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
You are here because you feel like you (or someone you know) may need therapy and are reading through profiles of strangers, scrolling through their videos and photos. It's a pretty common part of being on the internet nowadays, along with scrolling through memes and videos of food and cats. You may be looking for connection. Someone who speaks to you and may get you and your life story. I know what’s like, because I’ve been on that side of the screen going through that same process. Today may not be the day you choose to call or email, but you are scoping what’s there and most of it may sound pretty similar profile to profile.
You are here because you feel like you (or someone you know) may need therapy and are reading through profiles of strangers, scrolling through their videos and photos. It's a pretty common part of being on the internet nowadays, along with scrolling through memes and videos of food and cats. You may be looking for connection. Someone who speaks to you and may get you and your life story. I know what’s like, because I’ve been on that side of the screen going through that same process. Today may not be the day you choose to call or email, but you are scoping what’s there and most of it may sound pretty similar profile to profile.
(02) 4504 0175 View (02) 4504 0175
Photo of Negin Sadeghian - Negin Sadeghian- Psychologist & Art Therapist, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Negin Sadeghian- Psychologist & Art Therapist
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Preston, VIC 3072
I am a psychologist and art therapist, with 10 years of clinical experience. I have worked with adults, young people, and couples in a variety of public and private health settings including community health, inpatient programs, and relationship support services such as Relationships Australia and SHIPS. My therapeutic work is informed by the following approaches: Internal Family Systems Model, Art Therapy, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, Schema Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Couples Therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
I am a psychologist and art therapist, with 10 years of clinical experience. I have worked with adults, young people, and couples in a variety of public and private health settings including community health, inpatient programs, and relationship support services such as Relationships Australia and SHIPS. My therapeutic work is informed by the following approaches: Internal Family Systems Model, Art Therapy, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, Schema Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Couples Therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
(03) 7003 2421 View (03) 7003 2421
Photo of Robert Leardi, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Robert Leardi
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Online Only
I understand that reaching out for help takes courage. Whether you're an adolescent or adult struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, OCD, trauma, grief, gambling, substance use, workplace stress, or something else - I'm here to support you through whatever you're facing.
I understand that reaching out for help takes courage. Whether you're an adolescent or adult struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, OCD, trauma, grief, gambling, substance use, workplace stress, or something else - I'm here to support you through whatever you're facing.
0401 848 585 View 0401 848 585
Photo of Raquel Tomaino, Counsellor, PACFA
Raquel Tomaino
Counsellor, PACFA
Preston, VIC 3072
Raquel is a registered counsellor working with individuals and couples, with a focus on helping people get to know the different parts of themselves. Much of her work centres on supporting adults with relational difficulties of all kinds - whether that's with a partner, family, coworkers, or within themselves. Some of the other common challenges she works with include people-pleasing, boundaries, self-worth, anxiety, grief, and the lingering impacts of past experiences. Whatever brings someone in, she finds that underneath most of it are parts of us that are just trying to help - even when they don't.
Raquel is a registered counsellor working with individuals and couples, with a focus on helping people get to know the different parts of themselves. Much of her work centres on supporting adults with relational difficulties of all kinds - whether that's with a partner, family, coworkers, or within themselves. Some of the other common challenges she works with include people-pleasing, boundaries, self-worth, anxiety, grief, and the lingering impacts of past experiences. Whatever brings someone in, she finds that underneath most of it are parts of us that are just trying to help - even when they don't.
0431 988 593 View 0431 988 593
Photo of Sally Tyrrell - Creative Healing counselling & art therapy, Social Worker, AMHSW
Creative Healing counselling & art therapy
Social Worker, AMHSW
2 Endorsed
Preston, VIC 3072
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure where to start? Maybe anxiety, depression, or ADHD is holding you back. Perhaps you’re a parent watching your child struggle with emotions or social challenges, or you’re juggling work and life and feeling burnt out. You’re here because you want something to change. You want clarity, balance, and tools that actually help. You want to feel confident, connected, and in control of your life. Whatever your goals—emotional regulation, better relationships, or finding calm in the chaos—I’m here to help you achieve them.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure where to start? Maybe anxiety, depression, or ADHD is holding you back. Perhaps you’re a parent watching your child struggle with emotions or social challenges, or you’re juggling work and life and feeling burnt out. You’re here because you want something to change. You want clarity, balance, and tools that actually help. You want to feel confident, connected, and in control of your life. Whatever your goals—emotional regulation, better relationships, or finding calm in the chaos—I’m here to help you achieve them.
(03) 9068 5833 View (03) 9068 5833
Photo of Chiu Lau, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Chiu Lau
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Online Only
From 2003, Chiu has worked with autistic people and their families. Since then, she's developed proficiency treating and supporting clients across the lifespan experiencing trauma, chronic pain & fatigue, loss & grief, anxiety & mood disorders and minority stress (eg. Autistic, ADHD, medically disabled, culturally diverse and trans & gender questioning persons). Clients describe Chiu as thorough, efficient, down-to-earth, and practical. She works with a strengths-based, trauma-informed, person-centred lens, offering a no-BS, affirming approach grounded in evidence-based therapeutic modalities.
From 2003, Chiu has worked with autistic people and their families. Since then, she's developed proficiency treating and supporting clients across the lifespan experiencing trauma, chronic pain & fatigue, loss & grief, anxiety & mood disorders and minority stress (eg. Autistic, ADHD, medically disabled, culturally diverse and trans & gender questioning persons). Clients describe Chiu as thorough, efficient, down-to-earth, and practical. She works with a strengths-based, trauma-informed, person-centred lens, offering a no-BS, affirming approach grounded in evidence-based therapeutic modalities.
0491 188 891 View 0491 188 891
Photo of Hiro McLeman, Counsellor, PACFA
Hiro McLeman
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
Hello I'm Hiro, I'm a queer, non-binary, neurodivergent, mixed Japanese and white therapist. My lived experience informs my therapeutic practice - I embrace an anti-oppressive, de-colonising, spiritual, intersectional-feminist, neurodiverse and queer lens. I'm also a parent and enjoy supporting other LGBTIQ+ parents. I have extensive professional experience working as a Counsellor in LGBTIQ+ community mental health, I provide supervision and am a Clinical member of the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA).
Hello I'm Hiro, I'm a queer, non-binary, neurodivergent, mixed Japanese and white therapist. My lived experience informs my therapeutic practice - I embrace an anti-oppressive, de-colonising, spiritual, intersectional-feminist, neurodiverse and queer lens. I'm also a parent and enjoy supporting other LGBTIQ+ parents. I have extensive professional experience working as a Counsellor in LGBTIQ+ community mental health, I provide supervision and am a Clinical member of the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA).
0403 971 788 View 0403 971 788
Photo of Emma Fallon, Social Worker, AMHSW
Emma Fallon
Social Worker, AMHSW
1 Endorsed
Preston, VIC 3072
As a genderqueer, ace-spectrum, and neurodivergent person, I am passionate about supporting other members of my community. If you are neurodivergent, disabled or chronically ill, queer and/or trans, poly/non-monogamous, or engage in kink/BDSM community I would love to support you in therapy. I used my lived experience to bring understanding, empathy and patience to our work together. I welcome people with marginalised experiences and want to create a space where it is ok for you to be your unmasked self.
As a genderqueer, ace-spectrum, and neurodivergent person, I am passionate about supporting other members of my community. If you are neurodivergent, disabled or chronically ill, queer and/or trans, poly/non-monogamous, or engage in kink/BDSM community I would love to support you in therapy. I used my lived experience to bring understanding, empathy and patience to our work together. I welcome people with marginalised experiences and want to create a space where it is ok for you to be your unmasked self.
0499 412 533 View 0499 412 533
Photo of Monika Dizdar, Counsellor, PACFA
Monika Dizdar
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I have a strong interest in supporting individuals experiencing mood and personality disorders, substance use challenges, and in providing general counselling for life’s ups and downs and workplace stress. I also offer couples counselling.
I have a strong interest in supporting individuals experiencing mood and personality disorders, substance use challenges, and in providing general counselling for life’s ups and downs and workplace stress. I also offer couples counselling.
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Photo of Jennifer Makovec Knight, Psychologist, PsychD
Jennifer Makovec Knight
Psychologist, PsychD
Preston, VIC 3072
Dr. Jennifer Makovec Knight, B.psych (Hons), D.psych, is a Clinical Neuropsychologist specializing in therapy for brain-related health conditions, including concussion, traumatic brain injury, stroke, MS, dementia, functional neurological disorder, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder. She uses tailored evidence-based approaches like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), while maintaining a trauma-informed practice to help clients and their loved ones navigate cognitive changes and the impact they may have on daily life and relationships.
Dr. Jennifer Makovec Knight, B.psych (Hons), D.psych, is a Clinical Neuropsychologist specializing in therapy for brain-related health conditions, including concussion, traumatic brain injury, stroke, MS, dementia, functional neurological disorder, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder. She uses tailored evidence-based approaches like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), while maintaining a trauma-informed practice to help clients and their loved ones navigate cognitive changes and the impact they may have on daily life and relationships.
(03) 8338 1959 View (03) 8338 1959
Photo of Fahima Islam, Psychologist, PsyBA Prov
Fahima Islam
Psychologist, PsyBA Prov
1 Endorsed
Preston, VIC 3072
I support children, adolescents, and adults who may feel overwhelmed, emotionally stuck, or unsure how to manage challenges such as anxiety, stress, low mood, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, or significant life transitions. I also work with NDIS participants, providing behaviour support focused on improving emotional regulation, independence, social participation, and overall quality of life. I welcome individuals from diverse backgrounds who are seeking a compassionate, supportive space to better understand themselves, navigate life's challenges, and work towards meaningful and lasting change.
I support children, adolescents, and adults who may feel overwhelmed, emotionally stuck, or unsure how to manage challenges such as anxiety, stress, low mood, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, or significant life transitions. I also work with NDIS participants, providing behaviour support focused on improving emotional regulation, independence, social participation, and overall quality of life. I welcome individuals from diverse backgrounds who are seeking a compassionate, supportive space to better understand themselves, navigate life's challenges, and work towards meaningful and lasting change.
0404 657 889 View 0404 657 889
Photo of Jessie Upton - Wanna Art About It? Creative Art Therapy, Counsellor, MA, AThR
Wanna Art About It? Creative Art Therapy
Counsellor, MA, AThR
1 Endorsed
Preston, VIC 3072
Hi, my name is Jess or Jessie. My pronouns are they/them. I provide multimodal Creative Arts Therapy for individuals and groups online and in person. Working multimodally means I value all forms of expression and creation as equal. Instead of facilitating talk therapy, visual art therapy or music therapy specifically, I work across all ways of expressing - be it visual, digital, physical, spoken or musical. I am an LGBTQIA+ friendly therapist and have lived experience of navigating chronic health conditions. This includes a late-in-life ADHD diagnosis, which informs my trauma-informed and neurodiversity-affirming approach.
Hi, my name is Jess or Jessie. My pronouns are they/them. I provide multimodal Creative Arts Therapy for individuals and groups online and in person. Working multimodally means I value all forms of expression and creation as equal. Instead of facilitating talk therapy, visual art therapy or music therapy specifically, I work across all ways of expressing - be it visual, digital, physical, spoken or musical. I am an LGBTQIA+ friendly therapist and have lived experience of navigating chronic health conditions. This includes a late-in-life ADHD diagnosis, which informs my trauma-informed and neurodiversity-affirming approach.
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Photo of Sarah Jones, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Sarah Jones
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Preston, VIC 3072
Sarah Jones is an effective therapist with 25 years’ experience counselling adults, couples, and older adolescents (15 years and older). She is a Clinical Member of the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia, and a senior clinician who has contributed to the field through providing professional development and supervision of other counsellors. Sarah works with individuals and couples addressing their mental health, communication and fulfilment in life.
Sarah Jones is an effective therapist with 25 years’ experience counselling adults, couples, and older adolescents (15 years and older). She is a Clinical Member of the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia, and a senior clinician who has contributed to the field through providing professional development and supervision of other counsellors. Sarah works with individuals and couples addressing their mental health, communication and fulfilment in life.
(03) 8338 1006 View (03) 8338 1006
Photo of Darcy Richardson, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Darcy Richardson
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Preston, VIC 3072
Not accepting new clients
Darcy (She/Her) is a Registered Psychologist and works with adults. Darcy utilises a Health at Every Size lens (HAES), Neurodivergent-affirming framework, and prioritises working with our LGBTQIA+ community (as a proud member herself). Darcy is also skilled at working with disabled communities, including Autistic folk and ADHDers in the neurodivergent community, (self-identifying, exploring or diagnosed).
Darcy (She/Her) is a Registered Psychologist and works with adults. Darcy utilises a Health at Every Size lens (HAES), Neurodivergent-affirming framework, and prioritises working with our LGBTQIA+ community (as a proud member herself). Darcy is also skilled at working with disabled communities, including Autistic folk and ADHDers in the neurodivergent community, (self-identifying, exploring or diagnosed).
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Photo of Jessica Rosano - Jessica Rosano, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Jessica Rosano
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Preston, VIC 3072
I help people struggling with perfectionism, burnout, anxiety, overthinking, ADHD, depression, relationship struggles, and low self-esteem. I provide therapy that is accessible, without compromising on the quality of care. I offer personalised support for individuals aged 16 and above. I also provide support in developing effective coping skills and emotional regulation. No matter what you're going through, I am committed to helping you regain control and to feel more like yourself through genuine connection, collaboration, and with strategies that work for your lifestyle.
I help people struggling with perfectionism, burnout, anxiety, overthinking, ADHD, depression, relationship struggles, and low self-esteem. I provide therapy that is accessible, without compromising on the quality of care. I offer personalised support for individuals aged 16 and above. I also provide support in developing effective coping skills and emotional regulation. No matter what you're going through, I am committed to helping you regain control and to feel more like yourself through genuine connection, collaboration, and with strategies that work for your lifestyle.
1300 898 963 View 1300 898 963
Photo of Paola Kolliou, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Paola Kolliou
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Online Only
Harvest Counselling Services helps adults, individuals and couples to live mentally better and to know how to deal with the challenges of life, equipping and empowering our generation to live a better life; mentally, emotionally and spiritually . We are here to help people to be healed from any traumas and pain of life that impacts their present therefore their future, so they can build healthy and enjoyable relationships with their loved ones. I believe these aspects of life are so powerful to be whole and healthy as they are part of our purpose and meaning of our existence .
Harvest Counselling Services helps adults, individuals and couples to live mentally better and to know how to deal with the challenges of life, equipping and empowering our generation to live a better life; mentally, emotionally and spiritually . We are here to help people to be healed from any traumas and pain of life that impacts their present therefore their future, so they can build healthy and enjoyable relationships with their loved ones. I believe these aspects of life are so powerful to be whole and healthy as they are part of our purpose and meaning of our existence .
0473 591 659 View 0473 591 659

See more therapy options for Preston

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Psychologists and Therapists in Preston, VIC

100+

Average cost per session

$191

Psychologists and Therapists in Preston, VIC who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
80% Self Esteem
78% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
58% ADHD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Medicare Rebates
56% NDIS
47% Bupa

How Psychologists and Therapists in Preston, VIC see their clients

89% In Person and Online
11% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
18% Male
7% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Preston?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.