Dialectical Behaviour (DBT) Psychologists and Therapists in Ormond, VIC

Photo of Amy Claire Redman - Amy Redman Psychology - EMDR/ Trauma Psychologist, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Amy Redman Psychology - EMDR/ Trauma Psychologist
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
I utilises a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Schema Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT) and Motivational Interviewing and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Hi I'm Amy, I am a Counselling Psychologist. I create a friendly, supportive and non judgemental environment and enjoy working with adolescents, young adults and adults. My therapeutic approach is client centred, where client's goals, interest and preferences guide treatment. I am passionate about working collaboratively with clients to identify and achieve their goals and improve their overall well-being and experience of life’s many challenges.
I utilises a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Schema Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT) and Motivational Interviewing and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Hi I'm Amy, I am a Counselling Psychologist. I create a friendly, supportive and non judgemental environment and enjoy working with adolescents, young adults and adults. My therapeutic approach is client centred, where client's goals, interest and preferences guide treatment. I am passionate about working collaboratively with clients to identify and achieve their goals and improve their overall well-being and experience of life’s many challenges.
0444 572 251 View 0444 572 251
Photo of Penelope Lovegrove, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Penelope Lovegrove
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Currently accepting new clients. I pride myself on developing a supportive, collaborative and compassionate relationship with my clients, focusing on delivering psychological treatments based on current evidence. I work with individuals aged 17 and above across a range of issues. I am particularly interested in anxiety and related disorders in men and the intersection of mental health and menopause in women. I also provide psychotherapy and coaching for the management of ADHD in adults.
Currently accepting new clients. I pride myself on developing a supportive, collaborative and compassionate relationship with my clients, focusing on delivering psychological treatments based on current evidence. I work with individuals aged 17 and above across a range of issues. I am particularly interested in anxiety and related disorders in men and the intersection of mental health and menopause in women. I also provide psychotherapy and coaching for the management of ADHD in adults.
(03) 7500 5592 View (03) 7500 5592
Photo of Dr Kate O'Brien - Kate O'Brien - EMDR and Trauma Psychologist, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Kate O'Brien - EMDR and Trauma Psychologist
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Healing doesn’t have to be hard - or done alone. At Embrace Trauma Therapy, I believe therapy is not about fixing you, but about getting to know yourself more fully and discovering new ways of coping. My approach honours your life experiences and the ways your mind and body have adapted to survive. I work collaboratively, with you at the centre of the process as the expert in your own experience. I aim to walk alongside you as a supportive guide, offering care, knowledge, and strategies for grounding and nervous system regulation along the way.
Healing doesn’t have to be hard - or done alone. At Embrace Trauma Therapy, I believe therapy is not about fixing you, but about getting to know yourself more fully and discovering new ways of coping. My approach honours your life experiences and the ways your mind and body have adapted to survive. I work collaboratively, with you at the centre of the process as the expert in your own experience. I aim to walk alongside you as a supportive guide, offering care, knowledge, and strategies for grounding and nervous system regulation along the way.
(03) 7003 2086 View (03) 7003 2086
Photo of Deborah Cameron, Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Deborah Cameron
Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
You may be seeking support through individual therapy or by joining a small supportive group where you can feel safe, understood, and accepted. For some, this includes healing from trauma related to sexual violence, incest, or other forms of sexual, physical, or psychological abuse, which may still shape how safe the world and relationships feel. You may also be neurodivergent—living with ADHD, autism, OCD, or dyslexia—or navigating anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder and feeling misunderstood or exhausted from trying to meet expectations that do not align with who you truly are and needing a safe and confidential place.
You may be seeking support through individual therapy or by joining a small supportive group where you can feel safe, understood, and accepted. For some, this includes healing from trauma related to sexual violence, incest, or other forms of sexual, physical, or psychological abuse, which may still shape how safe the world and relationships feel. You may also be neurodivergent—living with ADHD, autism, OCD, or dyslexia—or navigating anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder and feeling misunderstood or exhausted from trying to meet expectations that do not align with who you truly are and needing a safe and confidential place.
(03) 7003 2799 View (03) 7003 2799

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Robin Pantours, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Robin Pantours
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Master's in counselling through ECU , trained in IFS, ACT and DBT, as well as certification in creative therapies and embodied practices
Supporting clients to intergrate their lived experiences and find compassion and understanding towards their own lives
Master's in counselling through ECU , trained in IFS, ACT and DBT, as well as certification in creative therapies and embodied practices
Supporting clients to intergrate their lived experiences and find compassion and understanding towards their own lives
(03) 5910 5379 View (03) 5910 5379
Photo of Rena Kouppa - Brave Little Heroes Psychology Hub, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Brave Little Heroes Psychology Hub
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Hawthorn East, VIC 3123
Welcome to Brave Little Heroes Psychology Hub, where every child is empowered to become the hero of their own journey. We believe that within each young person lies a wellspring of courage, creativity, and resilience, just waiting to be unlocked. Our practice focuses on empowering children aged 5-12 through a therapeutic approach that balances fun, engagement, and emotional growth. Together, we explore how to manage life’s challenges by embracing inner 'superpowers' and cultivating resilience, self-confidence, and emotional awareness.
Welcome to Brave Little Heroes Psychology Hub, where every child is empowered to become the hero of their own journey. We believe that within each young person lies a wellspring of courage, creativity, and resilience, just waiting to be unlocked. Our practice focuses on empowering children aged 5-12 through a therapeutic approach that balances fun, engagement, and emotional growth. Together, we explore how to manage life’s challenges by embracing inner 'superpowers' and cultivating resilience, self-confidence, and emotional awareness.
(03) 9917 7885 View (03) 9917 7885
Photo of Bronwen Whistance, Counsellor, PACFA
Bronwen Whistance
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! I am Bronwen Whistance. I want to provide an online counselling service for adults who are newly identified as Neurodivergent. This is a time of discovery - of looking back with compassion, of sitting in the present with fresh eyes and looking ahead with adventure in your heart. If this rings bells for you and you are willing to begin, I can accompany you as a support, a witness, a cheer-squad-of-one in a safe space to explore, understand and accept yourself.
Hello! I am Bronwen Whistance. I want to provide an online counselling service for adults who are newly identified as Neurodivergent. This is a time of discovery - of looking back with compassion, of sitting in the present with fresh eyes and looking ahead with adventure in your heart. If this rings bells for you and you are willing to begin, I can accompany you as a support, a witness, a cheer-squad-of-one in a safe space to explore, understand and accept yourself.
(03) 4328 0332 View (03) 4328 0332
Photo of Jessica Cook, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Jessica Cook
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Essendon North, VIC 3041
I draw on a range of evidence-based frameworks to guide my work, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), and mindfulness-based approaches.
There are a lot of challenges that come with navigating life, and my aim is to support you through those. I’m a registered psychologist with experience working alongside individuals across the lifespan, and I approach every client with warmth, curiosity, and respect, working collaboratively to understand your unique experiences, strengths, and goals. My goal in working together is to create a safe and supportive space where you can feel seen, empowered, and understood.
I draw on a range of evidence-based frameworks to guide my work, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), and mindfulness-based approaches.
There are a lot of challenges that come with navigating life, and my aim is to support you through those. I’m a registered psychologist with experience working alongside individuals across the lifespan, and I approach every client with warmth, curiosity, and respect, working collaboratively to understand your unique experiences, strengths, and goals. My goal in working together is to create a safe and supportive space where you can feel seen, empowered, and understood.
(03) 8771 5464 View (03) 8771 5464
Photo of Ishma Alvi - Ishma Alvi Psychology, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Ishma Alvi Psychology
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Brunswick East, VIC 3057
The psychological interventions I employ include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), Attachment Theory and the Poly Vagal Approach.
My work is informed by principles of gender, sexual and racial equity. My practice is grounded in principles of inclusion, actively serving BIPOC, CALD, and LGBTQIA+ communities, applying Anti-Oppression framework and a trauma-informed lens. My work is helped by the fact that I am fluent in Urdu, Hindi, and English. I offer individual and relationship counselling for people from 21 years upward, for issues, including anxiety, eating disorders, trauma, sexual wellbeing and relationships. My work is guided by principles of gender, sexual, and racial equity. I am committed to inclusion and actively support BIPOC, CALD, and LGBTQIA+
The psychological interventions I employ include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), Attachment Theory and the Poly Vagal Approach.
My work is informed by principles of gender, sexual and racial equity. My practice is grounded in principles of inclusion, actively serving BIPOC, CALD, and LGBTQIA+ communities, applying Anti-Oppression framework and a trauma-informed lens. My work is helped by the fact that I am fluent in Urdu, Hindi, and English. I offer individual and relationship counselling for people from 21 years upward, for issues, including anxiety, eating disorders, trauma, sexual wellbeing and relationships. My work is guided by principles of gender, sexual, and racial equity. I am committed to inclusion and actively support BIPOC, CALD, and LGBTQIA+
View
Photo of Dr Danielle Orton-Lachlan, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Dr Danielle Orton-Lachlan
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Ringwood, VIC 3134
Danielle offers individual therapy and is passionate about working with young adults and adults with ASD and/or ADHD. Danielle’s approach is trauma-informed and neuroaffirming. She has a special interest in working with neurodivergent adults diagnosed later in life. Danielle lives in a neurodivergent household and understands the challenges that exist at both an individual and family level. Consequently, she also has a passion for supporting parents and carers. Danielle is completing Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) training with her best pal, Shelby the Golden, joining her soon in the counselling room!
Danielle offers individual therapy and is passionate about working with young adults and adults with ASD and/or ADHD. Danielle’s approach is trauma-informed and neuroaffirming. She has a special interest in working with neurodivergent adults diagnosed later in life. Danielle lives in a neurodivergent household and understands the challenges that exist at both an individual and family level. Consequently, she also has a passion for supporting parents and carers. Danielle is completing Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) training with her best pal, Shelby the Golden, joining her soon in the counselling room!
(03) 8203 5244 View (03) 8203 5244
Photo of Anthony Edwards, Counsellor, ACA-L4
Anthony Edwards
Counsellor, ACA-L4
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling anxious, stressed, confused, emotionally overwhelmed? Does life seem overwhelming, unfair, sad, unfulfilling, directionless, hopeless? Is your relationship in distress or not as fulfilling as you’d like? You’re not alone. I endeavour to understand what is important for you, which means that I don’t have a one-size-fits-all approach. Using empathy and non-judgement, I listen to understand what life is like for you and to ‘get’ you - what you are thinking and feeling, how the events of life have impacted you, and what you want and need. I create a safe space to be open and real about what you are experiencing.
Are you feeling anxious, stressed, confused, emotionally overwhelmed? Does life seem overwhelming, unfair, sad, unfulfilling, directionless, hopeless? Is your relationship in distress or not as fulfilling as you’d like? You’re not alone. I endeavour to understand what is important for you, which means that I don’t have a one-size-fits-all approach. Using empathy and non-judgement, I listen to understand what life is like for you and to ‘get’ you - what you are thinking and feeling, how the events of life have impacted you, and what you want and need. I create a safe space to be open and real about what you are experiencing.
(07) 3132 2338 View (07) 3132 2338
Photo of Danielle Mundey - Still I RiseCounselling, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Still I RiseCounselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Online Only
I am an ACA-accredited counsellor providing trauma-informed, online support for individuals navigating domestic and family violence, sexual trauma, parenting challenges, and the unique pressures of FIFO life. Drawing on both professional training and lived experience, I offer a compassionate, non-judgemental space where clients feel safe to explore, heal, and rebuild. My approach is grounded, practical, and centred around helping you regain clarity, emotional balance, and a sense of control.
I am an ACA-accredited counsellor providing trauma-informed, online support for individuals navigating domestic and family violence, sexual trauma, parenting challenges, and the unique pressures of FIFO life. Drawing on both professional training and lived experience, I offer a compassionate, non-judgemental space where clients feel safe to explore, heal, and rebuild. My approach is grounded, practical, and centred around helping you regain clarity, emotional balance, and a sense of control.
(07) 4516 9358 View (07) 4516 9358
Photo of Melanie Li, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Melanie Li
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Melbourne, VIC 3000
Melanie is a registered Psychologist, who completed a Master of Professional Psychology at the University of Melbourne. She has experience working with adolescents, adults, and people of diverse backgrounds at Headspace and in private practice. Having worked and lived abroad, Melanie's life experience offers clients with a flexible, versatile, and culturally sensitive therapy style. She believes clients are the experts of their own lives. Considering each individual’s unique strengths and challenges, Melanie takes a warm and tailored approach to help clients reach their goals.
Melanie is a registered Psychologist, who completed a Master of Professional Psychology at the University of Melbourne. She has experience working with adolescents, adults, and people of diverse backgrounds at Headspace and in private practice. Having worked and lived abroad, Melanie's life experience offers clients with a flexible, versatile, and culturally sensitive therapy style. She believes clients are the experts of their own lives. Considering each individual’s unique strengths and challenges, Melanie takes a warm and tailored approach to help clients reach their goals.
(03) 7003 2155 View (03) 7003 2155
Photo of Min (Erica) Li, Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Min (Erica) Li
Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Serves Area
I integrate various evidence -based, humanistic, and neurobiological approaches to provide person-centred, holistic support, such as Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy ( DBT), EMDR, Polyvagal theory, Schema-informed approach, CBT, etc
At Colourful Clouds Counselling & Wellbeing, I respect my clients as the expert of their own experience and draw on trauma-informed, strengths-focused, evidence-based approaches—tailored with a personal, creative touch, through an approach of holistic, body-mind-culture connectedness.
I integrate various evidence -based, humanistic, and neurobiological approaches to provide person-centred, holistic support, such as Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavioural Therapy ( DBT), EMDR, Polyvagal theory, Schema-informed approach, CBT, etc
At Colourful Clouds Counselling & Wellbeing, I respect my clients as the expert of their own experience and draw on trauma-informed, strengths-focused, evidence-based approaches—tailored with a personal, creative touch, through an approach of holistic, body-mind-culture connectedness.
(08) 7008 9476 View (08) 7008 9476
Photo of Allison Cahill, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Allison Cahill
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Carlton, VIC 3053
Using a variety of evidence-based approaches tailored to individual client needs and preferences, I offer Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Schema Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT) Skills and Motivational Interviewing (MI) to adults of all ages.
I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 20 years of experience and believe in the potential for all of us to continually grow, adapt and heal from the past. Working from a client-centred and evidence-based approach, I aim to provide a warm and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their struggles and achieve their goals. I have worked in private practice, hospitals and universities providing both individual and group therapy. I have an interest in working with people with a range of difficulties including but not limited to relationship issues, family trauma, anxiety, depression, alcohol addiction and low self-esteem.
Using a variety of evidence-based approaches tailored to individual client needs and preferences, I offer Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Schema Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT) Skills and Motivational Interviewing (MI) to adults of all ages.
I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 20 years of experience and believe in the potential for all of us to continually grow, adapt and heal from the past. Working from a client-centred and evidence-based approach, I aim to provide a warm and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their struggles and achieve their goals. I have worked in private practice, hospitals and universities providing both individual and group therapy. I have an interest in working with people with a range of difficulties including but not limited to relationship issues, family trauma, anxiety, depression, alcohol addiction and low self-esteem.
View
Photo of Dr Maria Syed, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Dr Maria Syed
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Coburg, VIC 3058
In therapy, I draw on Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and mindfulness-based approaches.
At Mindlab Psychology, the bulk of my work is with ADHD, autism and Borderline Personality, and I support the challenges that often come alongside them such as anxiety, emotional regulation difficulties, low self-esteem, relationship challenges, and burnout.
In therapy, I draw on Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and mindfulness-based approaches.
At Mindlab Psychology, the bulk of my work is with ADHD, autism and Borderline Personality, and I support the challenges that often come alongside them such as anxiety, emotional regulation difficulties, low self-esteem, relationship challenges, and burnout.
0432 998 485 View 0432 998 485
Photo of Angela Simpson, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Health Psych.
Angela Simpson
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Health Psych.
Online Only
Angela is a health psychologist who is passionate about providing high quality, evidence-based treatment. She supports clients who experience a range of issues including depression, anxiety, chronic pain, chronic health conditions such as fibromyalgia, and substance use issues. Additionally, Angela has an interest in women's health including issues relating to pregnancy and menopause.
Angela is a health psychologist who is passionate about providing high quality, evidence-based treatment. She supports clients who experience a range of issues including depression, anxiety, chronic pain, chronic health conditions such as fibromyalgia, and substance use issues. Additionally, Angela has an interest in women's health including issues relating to pregnancy and menopause.
(03) 8338 4007 View (03) 8338 4007
Photo of Jason Kozica, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Jason Kozica
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Mitcham, VIC 3132
Jason loves animals and has two certified therapy dogs, who help make clients feel calm and they often join clients for a “walk and talk” session. Jason particularly likes working with neurodivergent young people and is dedicated to neuroaffirming practices. He has extensive experience working with autistic and ADHD clients and can also do neuroaffirming assessments. He also has substantial experience working with clients with OCD and schizophrenia and has completed intensive training in Exposure and Response Prevention therapy(ERP).
Jason loves animals and has two certified therapy dogs, who help make clients feel calm and they often join clients for a “walk and talk” session. Jason particularly likes working with neurodivergent young people and is dedicated to neuroaffirming practices. He has extensive experience working with autistic and ADHD clients and can also do neuroaffirming assessments. He also has substantial experience working with clients with OCD and schizophrenia and has completed intensive training in Exposure and Response Prevention therapy(ERP).
(03) 8771 4393 x61 View (03) 8771 4393 x61
Photo of Chenhong Xu - Mind Body Heart Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Mind Body Heart Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
2 Endorsed
South Yarra, VIC 3141
We are a team of 10 independent psychologists and counsellors based in South Yarra and Blackburn, offering support in English, Mandarin, Cantonese, and Portuguese. Our practitioners bring 3 to 25 years of experience working with all age groups on issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, school/work stress, adjustment to life transitions. Some practitioners also offer specialised expertise, for example, - Eating disorders - Child and adolescent therapy - EMDR for trauma - Incorporating art and play in therapy - Marriage and intimate relationship issues - Issues of neurodivergent communities
We are a team of 10 independent psychologists and counsellors based in South Yarra and Blackburn, offering support in English, Mandarin, Cantonese, and Portuguese. Our practitioners bring 3 to 25 years of experience working with all age groups on issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, school/work stress, adjustment to life transitions. Some practitioners also offer specialised expertise, for example, - Eating disorders - Child and adolescent therapy - EMDR for trauma - Incorporating art and play in therapy - Marriage and intimate relationship issues - Issues of neurodivergent communities
(03) 7003 2772 View (03) 7003 2772
Photo of Amrita Arvind, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Amrita Arvind
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe that trust is the highest form of human motivation and tricky situations challenge it in ourselves. We can have strengths that are as salient and unique as the barriers we face. My clients can have a good insight into themselves or their situation. They may have qualities that set them up for life or have achievements and yet experience significant setbacks that impact their mental health. I work largely with women navigating their pregnancy, parents with young children (up to 4 yrs), immigrants or people of a multi-racial background navigating change in a personal or professional context.
I believe that trust is the highest form of human motivation and tricky situations challenge it in ourselves. We can have strengths that are as salient and unique as the barriers we face. My clients can have a good insight into themselves or their situation. They may have qualities that set them up for life or have achievements and yet experience significant setbacks that impact their mental health. I work largely with women navigating their pregnancy, parents with young children (up to 4 yrs), immigrants or people of a multi-racial background navigating change in a personal or professional context.
(02) 4307 5406 View (02) 4307 5406
Dialectical Behaviour (DBT) Therapists
Who is DBT for?
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?
The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behaviour and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?
Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behaviour, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?
Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioural change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behaviour; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.