Counselling in Murrumbeena, VIC

Photo of Waltraud Reiner, Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Waltraud Reiner
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
I have a masters in Gestalt psychotherapy and work with a range of people and issues, including LGBTQIA+ folk, their families and others whose experiences of marginalisation have affected their mental health. A lifelong wish has been to enable others to explore their own healing journey. Emotional difficulties or life situations can feel overwhelming to deal with alone, and support is needed. I have learnt the value of analytic therapy through my own healing and see my work through a Gestalt lens. We are human, which means we are flawed and unique beings. 'We are all unique pieces of art in the making'.
I have a masters in Gestalt psychotherapy and work with a range of people and issues, including LGBTQIA+ folk, their families and others whose experiences of marginalisation have affected their mental health. A lifelong wish has been to enable others to explore their own healing journey. Emotional difficulties or life situations can feel overwhelming to deal with alone, and support is needed. I have learnt the value of analytic therapy through my own healing and see my work through a Gestalt lens. We are human, which means we are flawed and unique beings. 'We are all unique pieces of art in the making'.
(03) 7500 5094 View (03) 7500 5094
Photo of Elizabeth Reilly, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Elizabeth Reilly
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
Elizabeth is a warm and caring clinician who creates a collaborative therapeutic partnership with her clients to ensure a safe and supportive space for all. She adopts a strengths based and trauma informed framework to address a broad range of presenting issues including anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, trauma, depression, panic, grief and loss, relationship challenges, body image concerns, sleep issues, stress management, menopause, eating disorders and adjustment difficulties. Elizabeth tailors treatment to meet the needs of each individual according to their particular goals.
Elizabeth is a warm and caring clinician who creates a collaborative therapeutic partnership with her clients to ensure a safe and supportive space for all. She adopts a strengths based and trauma informed framework to address a broad range of presenting issues including anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, trauma, depression, panic, grief and loss, relationship challenges, body image concerns, sleep issues, stress management, menopause, eating disorders and adjustment difficulties. Elizabeth tailors treatment to meet the needs of each individual according to their particular goals.
0413 174 782 View 0413 174 782
Photo of Cheryl Pereeia - Nirvana Counselling, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Nirvana Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
I have a naturally warm and empathic nature. I intuitively know how to bring out the best in people. I have a firm belief that everyone has the potential to rise above what they are experiencing to reach the highest version of themselves. I see clients with a broad range of concerns, who come from diverse backgrounds. I offer clients the experience of being heard & having their feelings validated. I am focused on supporting individuals, couples and families in accepting that they have everything they need to thrive, and they just need help accessing that part of themselves or their relationship.
I have a naturally warm and empathic nature. I intuitively know how to bring out the best in people. I have a firm belief that everyone has the potential to rise above what they are experiencing to reach the highest version of themselves. I see clients with a broad range of concerns, who come from diverse backgrounds. I offer clients the experience of being heard & having their feelings validated. I am focused on supporting individuals, couples and families in accepting that they have everything they need to thrive, and they just need help accessing that part of themselves or their relationship.
(03) 7500 5006 View (03) 7500 5006
Photo of Eytan Woolfson, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Eytan Woolfson
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
Eytan is a psychologist who works with children, teenagers, and adults. If challenges such as anxiety, depression, stress, past trauma, difficulties in relationships, neurodiversity, or persistent negative thoughts are affecting your life or your child’s life, Eytan can help develop practical strategies to manage them and focus on what truly matters. Working with clients across all age groups, Eytan uses play therapy and attachment theory when working with children and families. For adults, he offers thoughtful, tailored support using a variety of therapeutic modalities that respect each person’s unique needs.
Eytan is a psychologist who works with children, teenagers, and adults. If challenges such as anxiety, depression, stress, past trauma, difficulties in relationships, neurodiversity, or persistent negative thoughts are affecting your life or your child’s life, Eytan can help develop practical strategies to manage them and focus on what truly matters. Working with clients across all age groups, Eytan uses play therapy and attachment theory when working with children and families. For adults, he offers thoughtful, tailored support using a variety of therapeutic modalities that respect each person’s unique needs.
(03) 7003 2711 View (03) 7003 2711
Photo of Brigitte Benary, Counsellor
Brigitte Benary
Counsellor
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
Life can feel overwhelming when emotions run deep or changes come faster than you can process. If you’ve been carrying heavy feelings, moving through past trauma, perimenopause, pre- or post-natal challenges, or the quiet ache of self-doubt, you don’t have to go through it alone. I offer a calm, compassionate space where all of you is welcome. Together, we’ll move gently at your pace, untangle what feels heavy, and create small, steady steps that bring relief, ease, and self-kindness back into your days.
Life can feel overwhelming when emotions run deep or changes come faster than you can process. If you’ve been carrying heavy feelings, moving through past trauma, perimenopause, pre- or post-natal challenges, or the quiet ache of self-doubt, you don’t have to go through it alone. I offer a calm, compassionate space where all of you is welcome. Together, we’ll move gently at your pace, untangle what feels heavy, and create small, steady steps that bring relief, ease, and self-kindness back into your days.
(03) 8771 4022 View (03) 8771 4022
Photo of Tim Clark, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Tim Clark
Psychotherapist, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
My clients often are looking for ways to better handle the challenges of daily living. You may be feeling these challenges are insurmountable or that you are fundamentally unable to cope. You might not feel that you have a good understanding of who you truly are, what it is you want out of life, or what you have to offer others. You might also struggle to draw on the resources around you and make the most of your personal relationships. You may struggle to find the voice inside to reassure yourself that, as hard as things can feel, they can change. These things don't make you defective; they make you human.
My clients often are looking for ways to better handle the challenges of daily living. You may be feeling these challenges are insurmountable or that you are fundamentally unable to cope. You might not feel that you have a good understanding of who you truly are, what it is you want out of life, or what you have to offer others. You might also struggle to draw on the resources around you and make the most of your personal relationships. You may struggle to find the voice inside to reassure yourself that, as hard as things can feel, they can change. These things don't make you defective; they make you human.
(03) 9068 5168 View (03) 9068 5168
Photo of Nasseema Baidwan, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Nasseema Baidwan
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
Waitlist for new clients
My therapeutic style is compassionate, empathetic, warm, and down to earth. I place great importance on the therapeutic relationship, to ensure that we work together throughout the process towards your therapeutic goals. My aim is to provide a safe, holistic and non-judgmental experience for each individual.
My therapeutic style is compassionate, empathetic, warm, and down to earth. I place great importance on the therapeutic relationship, to ensure that we work together throughout the process towards your therapeutic goals. My aim is to provide a safe, holistic and non-judgmental experience for each individual.
(03) 7500 5204 View (03) 7500 5204
Photo of Xue Yuki Mei, Counsellor, PACFA
Xue Yuki Mei
Counsellor, PACFA
2 Endorsed
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
Hi, I am Yuki. I am a neurodivergent (AuDHD) & queer counsellor who is committed to providing a safe & nonjudgmental (shame-free) space for all genders, identities, neurotypes, and bodies. I collaborate with clients to explore their unique inner experiences being identified as neurodivergent; LGBTQIA+; CALD and more. I work from a non-pathologising stance, meaning that I will not see clients solely as their labels and/or diagnoses, rather, each person is their own unique being and we co-design strategies that work for the particular individual/situation.
Hi, I am Yuki. I am a neurodivergent (AuDHD) & queer counsellor who is committed to providing a safe & nonjudgmental (shame-free) space for all genders, identities, neurotypes, and bodies. I collaborate with clients to explore their unique inner experiences being identified as neurodivergent; LGBTQIA+; CALD and more. I work from a non-pathologising stance, meaning that I will not see clients solely as their labels and/or diagnoses, rather, each person is their own unique being and we co-design strategies that work for the particular individual/situation.
(03) 7500 5903 View (03) 7500 5903
Photo of Kate Hill - The Play Therapy Studio , Counsellor, AASW
The Play Therapy Studio
Counsellor, AASW
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
Play based parent child sessions can be really impactful way of helping you connect with your child to work through inner feelings, and process what might be challenging in your relationship. It is often really tough for children to express what's going on for them using words, and this is often why they find ways to communicate with us through their behaviour. This can be a little scary and overwhelming for us as caregivers, who may just be needing things to become a little easier at home. I work collaboratively and authentically with you and your child through the safety of play, where I draw on your wisdom, love, and knowledge.
Play based parent child sessions can be really impactful way of helping you connect with your child to work through inner feelings, and process what might be challenging in your relationship. It is often really tough for children to express what's going on for them using words, and this is often why they find ways to communicate with us through their behaviour. This can be a little scary and overwhelming for us as caregivers, who may just be needing things to become a little easier at home. I work collaboratively and authentically with you and your child through the safety of play, where I draw on your wisdom, love, and knowledge.
(03) 7500 5114 View (03) 7500 5114
Photo of Kyo Chung, Counsellor, ACA-L4
Kyo Chung
Counsellor, ACA-L4
1 Endorsed
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
An intuitive and compassionate counsellor with over a decade of experience guiding individuals, couples, and families through complex emotional and relational challenges. My multicultural perspective, shaped by life experiences in Korea, China, and the USA, combined with professional expertise across diverse roles—as a community interpreter, counsellor, and family therapist—enables me to provide holistic and culturally sensitive support. I've helped many clients recover from narcissistic abuse to build healthy identity and resilience.
An intuitive and compassionate counsellor with over a decade of experience guiding individuals, couples, and families through complex emotional and relational challenges. My multicultural perspective, shaped by life experiences in Korea, China, and the USA, combined with professional expertise across diverse roles—as a community interpreter, counsellor, and family therapist—enables me to provide holistic and culturally sensitive support. I've helped many clients recover from narcissistic abuse to build healthy identity and resilience.
(03) 9068 5740 View (03) 9068 5740
Photo of Kat O'Mara, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Kat O'Mara
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Murrumbeena, VIC 3163
You’ve always been the one who holds it all together: for your children, your partner, your family. Now you’re quietly falling apart. Perhaps you’re coping with the pain of estrangement, the aftermath of a controlling or emotionally abusive relationship, or the exhaustion of trying to keep everyone else afloat while ignoring your own needs. On the outside, you seem capable; inside, you feel anxious, alone, or disconnected. The old strategies like perfectionism, people-pleasing and staying silent aren’t working anymore.
You’ve always been the one who holds it all together: for your children, your partner, your family. Now you’re quietly falling apart. Perhaps you’re coping with the pain of estrangement, the aftermath of a controlling or emotionally abusive relationship, or the exhaustion of trying to keep everyone else afloat while ignoring your own needs. On the outside, you seem capable; inside, you feel anxious, alone, or disconnected. The old strategies like perfectionism, people-pleasing and staying silent aren’t working anymore.
(03) 7500 5605 View (03) 7500 5605
Photo of Natalia Whiteman, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA Endorsed
Natalia Whiteman
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello, I am deeply passionate about supporting children, adolescents, and families through life’s challenges. My professional experience—combined with personal insight as a parent of a child with Autism—has shaped my commitment to working with neurodiverse individuals, including those with Autism and ADHD. I find great fulfilment in providing counselling to children, teens, and their parents, offering compassionate and practical support across a range of concerns. These include behavioural challenges, emotional regulation, grief and loss, learning difficulties, school refusal, anxiety, and mood-related difficulties.
Hello, I am deeply passionate about supporting children, adolescents, and families through life’s challenges. My professional experience—combined with personal insight as a parent of a child with Autism—has shaped my commitment to working with neurodiverse individuals, including those with Autism and ADHD. I find great fulfilment in providing counselling to children, teens, and their parents, offering compassionate and practical support across a range of concerns. These include behavioural challenges, emotional regulation, grief and loss, learning difficulties, school refusal, anxiety, and mood-related difficulties.
(03) 7500 5928 View (03) 7500 5928
Photo of Sarah Fischer - Behavioural Edge Psychology, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Org. Psych.
Behavioural Edge Psychology
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Org. Psych.
Serves Area
I am the Principal Psychologist at Behavioural Edge Psychology, and I bring deep expertise in supporting individuals to achieve optimal wellbeing. I provide holistic care that builds insight into personal strengths while enhancing interpersonal relationships in a safe, nonjudgmental environment.
I am the Principal Psychologist at Behavioural Edge Psychology, and I bring deep expertise in supporting individuals to achieve optimal wellbeing. I provide holistic care that builds insight into personal strengths while enhancing interpersonal relationships in a safe, nonjudgmental environment.
(03) 8771 4315 View (03) 8771 4315
Photo of Tori Orit Brand - Brand Counselling Services, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Brand Counselling Services
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Serves Area
I believe that loving one’s self is a prerequisite to loving others: our relationships with others are all mirrors of our relationship with ourselves. As a counsellor with over 16 years of experience, I understand that life can be challenging sometimes, and we can lose our way in it. I treat my clients with warmth, empathy, and unconditional support, giving them the space and confidence that they need to walk through the pains of their growth and once again find their love for their true self.
I believe that loving one’s self is a prerequisite to loving others: our relationships with others are all mirrors of our relationship with ourselves. As a counsellor with over 16 years of experience, I understand that life can be challenging sometimes, and we can lose our way in it. I treat my clients with warmth, empathy, and unconditional support, giving them the space and confidence that they need to walk through the pains of their growth and once again find their love for their true self.
(03) 7500 5808 View (03) 7500 5808
Photo of Nicol Thomas, PhD
Nicol Thomas
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I practice Lacanian Psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a talking work, or therapy, which aims to make an absolute difference to suffering. Lacan's psychoanalysis is based in the idea that the unconscious is structured like language. What you say reveals the unconscious processes that underlie any issues that are problematic for you, or recur. Psychoanalysis is the safe space where you can come to talk freely, without censorship and your analyst listens. There is no "correct" way to speak; the work of psychoanalysis is to find your own unique voice, especially of your unconscious.
I practice Lacanian Psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a talking work, or therapy, which aims to make an absolute difference to suffering. Lacan's psychoanalysis is based in the idea that the unconscious is structured like language. What you say reveals the unconscious processes that underlie any issues that are problematic for you, or recur. Psychoanalysis is the safe space where you can come to talk freely, without censorship and your analyst listens. There is no "correct" way to speak; the work of psychoanalysis is to find your own unique voice, especially of your unconscious.
(03) 7003 2391 View (03) 7003 2391
Photo of Jonathan Shai, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Jonathan Shai
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
My clinical focus, passion and expertise is with neurodivergent youth facing anxiety, social struggles, or identity challenges, often with autism, ADHD, or sensory differences. They feel misunderstood and seek a safe, non-judgmental space to build confidence and resilience. They want practical strategies to manage stress, improve communication and relationships, and achieve goals like school success, self-acceptance, employment and being better understood by those around them. Parents may seek guidance to support them. Their aim is to thrive authentically, feeling empowered in a world that doesn’t always align with their needs.
My clinical focus, passion and expertise is with neurodivergent youth facing anxiety, social struggles, or identity challenges, often with autism, ADHD, or sensory differences. They feel misunderstood and seek a safe, non-judgmental space to build confidence and resilience. They want practical strategies to manage stress, improve communication and relationships, and achieve goals like school success, self-acceptance, employment and being better understood by those around them. Parents may seek guidance to support them. Their aim is to thrive authentically, feeling empowered in a world that doesn’t always align with their needs.
(03) 8771 5720 View (03) 8771 5720
Photo of Natalie Miller, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Natalie Miller
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Online Only
I am a Clinical Psychologist with experience in both the private and government sectors. I work with adolescents (17 years and older), young adults, and adults, and I’m especially passionate about working with the LGBTQIA+ community.
I am a Clinical Psychologist with experience in both the private and government sectors. I work with adolescents (17 years and older), young adults, and adults, and I’m especially passionate about working with the LGBTQIA+ community.
(03) 8771 4800 View (03) 8771 4800

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jane Parkinson - Kind Connections Counselling , Counsellor, PACFA
Kind Connections Counselling
Counsellor, PACFA
Saint Kilda, VIC 3182
Waitlist for new clients
As a Registered Play Therapist & Supervisor (APTA) & PACFA Clinical Counsellor, Kind Connections supports children aged 3 - 10 years with a range of neurodevelopmental challenges & difficulties. With a passion for supporting adoptive, foster & kinship familes, my approach combines extensive experience as a trauma counsellor, Synergetic Play Therapy & EMDR, in a 'playful' way to support the child's healing process. As a Registered Play Therapist Supervisor, I offer Supervision to Play Therapists via Telehealth, especially those working toward their registration.
As a Registered Play Therapist & Supervisor (APTA) & PACFA Clinical Counsellor, Kind Connections supports children aged 3 - 10 years with a range of neurodevelopmental challenges & difficulties. With a passion for supporting adoptive, foster & kinship familes, my approach combines extensive experience as a trauma counsellor, Synergetic Play Therapy & EMDR, in a 'playful' way to support the child's healing process. As a Registered Play Therapist Supervisor, I offer Supervision to Play Therapists via Telehealth, especially those working toward their registration.
(03) 7003 2207 View (03) 7003 2207
Photo of Vicki Quinton - Vicki Quinton & Associates, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Vicki Quinton & Associates
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
South Melbourne, VIC 3205
Vicki Quinton is a Clinical Psychologist and AHPRA approved supervisor with 35 years of clinical experience across education, mental health, forensic and hospital settings. In addition to providing therapy, I have expertise in completing assessments and reports for a range of courts.
Vicki Quinton is a Clinical Psychologist and AHPRA approved supervisor with 35 years of clinical experience across education, mental health, forensic and hospital settings. In addition to providing therapy, I have expertise in completing assessments and reports for a range of courts.
0419 901 537 View 0419 901 537
Photo of Rachel Elizabeth Dougherty, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Rachel Elizabeth Dougherty
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Carlton North, VIC 3054
My work is about being curious; diving deeper into exploring the self, all the mysterious, hidden, buried and forgotten aspects. It's a rediscovery... helping to find your magic, raw, beautifully wild, unconditioned YOU. It's about getting in touch with your child-like curiosity and coming home to your innermost self. I am particularly passionate about working with adults to navigate; grief and loss, relationships, fear, shame, anger, overwhelm, anxiety, depression, major life transitions, developing self-love, self-worth and self-compassion.
My work is about being curious; diving deeper into exploring the self, all the mysterious, hidden, buried and forgotten aspects. It's a rediscovery... helping to find your magic, raw, beautifully wild, unconditioned YOU. It's about getting in touch with your child-like curiosity and coming home to your innermost self. I am particularly passionate about working with adults to navigate; grief and loss, relationships, fear, shame, anger, overwhelm, anxiety, depression, major life transitions, developing self-love, self-worth and self-compassion.
(03) 4420 3875 View (03) 4420 3875

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Murrumbeena, VIC

10+

Average cost per session

$180

Counsellors in Murrumbeena, VIC who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
82% Relationship Issues
82% Depression
82% Self Esteem
82% Stress
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% NDIS
67% Other
33% Bupa

How Counsellors in Murrumbeena, VIC see their clients

94% In Person and Online
6% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Murrumbeena?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.