Internal Family Systems (IFS) Psychologists and Therapists in Langwarrin, VIC

Photo of Amanda Thornbury, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Amanda Thornbury
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Online Only
I work with individuals (14 years +), couples and families navigating life's struggles. I have a special interest in interpersonal relationships, life transitions, job stress, self-empowerment, life direction, and supporting those who may be feeling lost, overwhelmed, or alone in their experiences. People seek support for many reasons, whether they are facing something new or dealing with challenges that have been present for some time and no longer want to manage them alone. They are often seeking support, practical strategies, and someone to help them make sense of what they are experiencing.
I work with individuals (14 years +), couples and families navigating life's struggles. I have a special interest in interpersonal relationships, life transitions, job stress, self-empowerment, life direction, and supporting those who may be feeling lost, overwhelmed, or alone in their experiences. People seek support for many reasons, whether they are facing something new or dealing with challenges that have been present for some time and no longer want to manage them alone. They are often seeking support, practical strategies, and someone to help them make sense of what they are experiencing.
(03) 5906 7485 View (03) 5906 7485
Photo of Nav Sohal, Counsellor, AASW
Nav Sohal
Counsellor, AASW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you are looking for caring, safe and confidential support you are in the right place! I’m Nav. I’m Accredited Social Worker/ Counsellor and very passionate to work with people who are experiencing challenges in their life. I have over 15 years of experience with adults and teenagers, who have experienced mental health issues, family violence, relationship, trauma related issues, childhood trauma, anger management, PTSD, anxiety, depression, stress, self-esteem, BPD, grief and loss, parenting, workplace issues leading to trauma, and struggles in life.
If you are looking for caring, safe and confidential support you are in the right place! I’m Nav. I’m Accredited Social Worker/ Counsellor and very passionate to work with people who are experiencing challenges in their life. I have over 15 years of experience with adults and teenagers, who have experienced mental health issues, family violence, relationship, trauma related issues, childhood trauma, anger management, PTSD, anxiety, depression, stress, self-esteem, BPD, grief and loss, parenting, workplace issues leading to trauma, and struggles in life.
(03) 5905 9797 View (03) 5905 9797
Photo of Kym Anderton, Counsellor, PACFA
Kym Anderton
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
The essence of my therapy is in building solid, safe relationships collaboratively with my clients, catering to the unique needs of each person in a non-judgmental way. Rather than tell someone what they need, I prefer a merging of minds to make meaningful and sustainable differences. Together we explore resources to overcome adversity and suffering whilst learning to accept and adapt to the complicated facets of life where required. My therapeutic approach is also rooted in a deep exploration of early life experiences, with a focus on understanding and facilitating the healing of trauma or patterned behaviour.
The essence of my therapy is in building solid, safe relationships collaboratively with my clients, catering to the unique needs of each person in a non-judgmental way. Rather than tell someone what they need, I prefer a merging of minds to make meaningful and sustainable differences. Together we explore resources to overcome adversity and suffering whilst learning to accept and adapt to the complicated facets of life where required. My therapeutic approach is also rooted in a deep exploration of early life experiences, with a focus on understanding and facilitating the healing of trauma or patterned behaviour.
(03) 5910 3030 View (03) 5910 3030
Photo of Madeline Black, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Madeline Black
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I welcome clients across the lifespan - pre-teens, adolescents, adults and parents. With experience across a range of settings including schools, aged care, in-home family therapy, neurodivergent settings and forensic mental health supporting young people involved with the justice system. The clients I enjoy working with may be feeling stuck, overwhelmed or disconnected and is ready to make sense of things and co-create change for themselves. They may be navigating relationship tension, family stress, teenage mental health and behavioural difficulties, identity questions, or a major life transition.
I welcome clients across the lifespan - pre-teens, adolescents, adults and parents. With experience across a range of settings including schools, aged care, in-home family therapy, neurodivergent settings and forensic mental health supporting young people involved with the justice system. The clients I enjoy working with may be feeling stuck, overwhelmed or disconnected and is ready to make sense of things and co-create change for themselves. They may be navigating relationship tension, family stress, teenage mental health and behavioural difficulties, identity questions, or a major life transition.
(03) 5906 9484 View (03) 5906 9484
Photo of Priyanka Malhotra - Rewire Psychology , Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Rewire Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
As an experienced Clinical & Counselling Psychologist and Supervisor with specialised training in mental health I offer counselling services for children, adolescents, adults, and couples. For families, I work with child mental health difficulties such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, ARFID and provide neuro-affirming care and advocacy, support children through parental separation, and school challenges. I empower families to advocate for their neurodivergent young person in educational settings. For adults and couples, the aim is to enhance communication, rebuild trust, and strengthen emotional responses.
As an experienced Clinical & Counselling Psychologist and Supervisor with specialised training in mental health I offer counselling services for children, adolescents, adults, and couples. For families, I work with child mental health difficulties such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, ARFID and provide neuro-affirming care and advocacy, support children through parental separation, and school challenges. I empower families to advocate for their neurodivergent young person in educational settings. For adults and couples, the aim is to enhance communication, rebuild trust, and strengthen emotional responses.
(03) 5905 7130 View (03) 5905 7130
Photo of Kerryn Knight, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Kerryn Knight
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Serves Area
Hi I'm Kerryn Knight, Clinical Counsellor, Sandtray Therapist and Masters Qualified Art Therapist with over 17 years of experience. At Empowered Art Therapy within Kindred Art Space, I combine creative therapies with traditional psychotherapy to support your mental health and wellbeing. My approach is particularly effective if you are dealing with anxiety, depression, and transitions in life, helping you find clarity and a renewed sense of purpose.
Hi I'm Kerryn Knight, Clinical Counsellor, Sandtray Therapist and Masters Qualified Art Therapist with over 17 years of experience. At Empowered Art Therapy within Kindred Art Space, I combine creative therapies with traditional psychotherapy to support your mental health and wellbeing. My approach is particularly effective if you are dealing with anxiety, depression, and transitions in life, helping you find clarity and a renewed sense of purpose.
(03) 9068 5278 View (03) 9068 5278
Photo of Eryka Rhodes - Looking Forward Counselling & Hypnotherapy, Counsellor, PACFA
Looking Forward Counselling & Hypnotherapy
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I employ an evidence-based, multi-faceted approach, working with you to create the next chapter. A qualified, registered Clinical Counsellor, based in the Mornington Peninsula, supporting couples, and adults. Helping you navigate the path to find your purpose, reframe concerns and look forward to an improved relationship with yourself and others. Passionate about empowering you to develop a set of tools to help you become your own coach. Supporting a wide range of concerns including: Anxiety, Stress, Depression, Self-esteem, Relational dynamics, Confidence, Grief, Conflict, Anger, Eating Disorder behaviour management
I employ an evidence-based, multi-faceted approach, working with you to create the next chapter. A qualified, registered Clinical Counsellor, based in the Mornington Peninsula, supporting couples, and adults. Helping you navigate the path to find your purpose, reframe concerns and look forward to an improved relationship with yourself and others. Passionate about empowering you to develop a set of tools to help you become your own coach. Supporting a wide range of concerns including: Anxiety, Stress, Depression, Self-esteem, Relational dynamics, Confidence, Grief, Conflict, Anger, Eating Disorder behaviour management
(03) 5910 1684 View (03) 5910 1684
Photo of Jade Stubbs - Wonderings Counselling, Counsellor, ACA-L3
Wonderings Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Serves Area
I work with clients experiencing a range of difficulties, I recognise that all clients are unique and therefore approach each and every session with genuineness, curiosity and a range of therapeutic interventions that I can draw on to support my clients. My specialty is working with Children, Adolescents, Mums and Bubs and Families. This client group can benefit from attachment-based interventions, relationship and communication skills as well as emotion regulation and psychoeducation.
I work with clients experiencing a range of difficulties, I recognise that all clients are unique and therefore approach each and every session with genuineness, curiosity and a range of therapeutic interventions that I can draw on to support my clients. My specialty is working with Children, Adolescents, Mums and Bubs and Families. This client group can benefit from attachment-based interventions, relationship and communication skills as well as emotion regulation and psychoeducation.
(03) 5907 5923 View (03) 5907 5923
Photo of Joshua Cohen - Peninsula Counselling Solutions, Counsellor, ACA-L3
Peninsula Counselling Solutions
Counsellor, ACA-L3
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling anxious, stressed or overwhelmed? I will meet you wherever you may be and might be currently feeling. I am passionate about helping people move beyond what they feel is impacting their quality of life. I offer a safe, supportive space to help you navigate anxiety, stress, relationships, trauma, or life transitions. Whether you're feeling overwhelmed or simply seeking clarity, I am here to guide you toward healing and growth.
Are you feeling anxious, stressed or overwhelmed? I will meet you wherever you may be and might be currently feeling. I am passionate about helping people move beyond what they feel is impacting their quality of life. I offer a safe, supportive space to help you navigate anxiety, stress, relationships, trauma, or life transitions. Whether you're feeling overwhelmed or simply seeking clarity, I am here to guide you toward healing and growth.
(03) 5905 7043 View (03) 5905 7043

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Daniela Cristofaro
Daniela Cristofaro
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling unsure how to move forward? Maybe you're navigating relationship struggles or trying to make sense of your life? Most people come to therapy because they want something to change. But lasting transformation starts with understanding how things are right now. From a young age, our nervous systems adapt to help us navigate the world, creating automatic patterns of feeling and reacting. Whilst they once served us, they can become limiting over time, keeping us stuck in ways that no longer align with who we are or what we need. I am here to help you gently uncover and understand these ingrained patterns.
Are you feeling unsure how to move forward? Maybe you're navigating relationship struggles or trying to make sense of your life? Most people come to therapy because they want something to change. But lasting transformation starts with understanding how things are right now. From a young age, our nervous systems adapt to help us navigate the world, creating automatic patterns of feeling and reacting. Whilst they once served us, they can become limiting over time, keeping us stuck in ways that no longer align with who we are or what we need. I am here to help you gently uncover and understand these ingrained patterns.
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Photo of Francesca Lion, Psychotherapist
Francesca Lion
Psychotherapist
East Melbourne, VIC 3002
My clients often feel held back by intense physical or emotional responses that limits their enjoyment and potential in life. Many come to me because anxiety or fears—specifically dental, medical, or flight anxiety—prevent them from accessing healthcare or living fully. Others are exhausted by insomnia or low self-confidence. If you feel your "fight or flight" response is constantly overreacting, or you are tired of talking about problems without feeling a shift in your body, we may be a good fit. I help you bridge the gap between the mind and the nervous system, updating subconscious patterns of avoidance with curiosity and calm.
My clients often feel held back by intense physical or emotional responses that limits their enjoyment and potential in life. Many come to me because anxiety or fears—specifically dental, medical, or flight anxiety—prevent them from accessing healthcare or living fully. Others are exhausted by insomnia or low self-confidence. If you feel your "fight or flight" response is constantly overreacting, or you are tired of talking about problems without feeling a shift in your body, we may be a good fit. I help you bridge the gap between the mind and the nervous system, updating subconscious patterns of avoidance with curiosity and calm.
(03) 6134 8607 View (03) 6134 8607
Photo of Tim McCorriston - Laburnum Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Laburnum Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Blackburn, VIC 3130
At Laburnum Psychology we have sixteen psychologists. Due to the diversity in our team, we are well positioned to find the right person for you. We specialise across a broad range of issues, including depression, anxiety, life adjustment, trauma and children's issues, relationships, stress, work stress, to name a few. We can conduct cognitive, educational and developmental assessments & reports. We have psychologists who work with children and adolescents, as well as people who work with adults and the elderly. We can also work under NDIS, TAC and WorkCover funded arrangements. We are linked to most health insurance schemes.
At Laburnum Psychology we have sixteen psychologists. Due to the diversity in our team, we are well positioned to find the right person for you. We specialise across a broad range of issues, including depression, anxiety, life adjustment, trauma and children's issues, relationships, stress, work stress, to name a few. We can conduct cognitive, educational and developmental assessments & reports. We have psychologists who work with children and adolescents, as well as people who work with adults and the elderly. We can also work under NDIS, TAC and WorkCover funded arrangements. We are linked to most health insurance schemes.
(03) 9068 5884 View (03) 9068 5884
Photo of Dr Arthur David Stabolidis - Dr Arthur Stabolidis: The Psychology Suite, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA Endorsed
Dr Arthur Stabolidis: The Psychology Suite
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA Endorsed
Online Only
CBT/ACT/ IFS/Schema Therapy for ADHD, anxiety and depression.
Dr Arthur Stabolidis is a Clinical Psychologist who works with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, ADHD, chronic pain, stress, and life transitions. His approach is practical, collaborative, and evidence-based. His therapy is focused on helping you build skills you can use outside the therapy room, not just gain insight inside it. Sessions are structured, thoughtful, and paced to suit you, whether you’re looking for relief from symptoms, better emotional regulation, or a clearer sense of direction.
CBT/ACT/ IFS/Schema Therapy for ADHD, anxiety and depression.
Dr Arthur Stabolidis is a Clinical Psychologist who works with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, ADHD, chronic pain, stress, and life transitions. His approach is practical, collaborative, and evidence-based. His therapy is focused on helping you build skills you can use outside the therapy room, not just gain insight inside it. Sessions are structured, thoughtful, and paced to suit you, whether you’re looking for relief from symptoms, better emotional regulation, or a clearer sense of direction.
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Photo of Alexander Brian Mach, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA Prov
Alexander Brian Mach
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA Prov
Carlton North, VIC 3054
Hello! I'm Xander (he/him) I’m a psychologist dedicated to providing compassionate, non-judgmental, and trauma-informed care, with a focus on improving outcomes for neurodivergent individuals and the LGBTQIA+ community. As a Queer person myself, I understand how difficult it can be to find quality, affirming care, and my goal is to create a space where Queer and neurodivergent individuals can authentically express and explore themselves without fear of judgment.
Hello! I'm Xander (he/him) I’m a psychologist dedicated to providing compassionate, non-judgmental, and trauma-informed care, with a focus on improving outcomes for neurodivergent individuals and the LGBTQIA+ community. As a Queer person myself, I understand how difficult it can be to find quality, affirming care, and my goal is to create a space where Queer and neurodivergent individuals can authentically express and explore themselves without fear of judgment.
(02) 9420 3143 View (02) 9420 3143
Photo of Tammi O'Rourke, Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Tammi O'Rourke
Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
2 Endorsed
Thornbury, VIC 3071
Modalities can include somatic-approaches, reconnection of the mind-body system, internal family systems and process work, CBT and schema therapy, and EMDR, amongst others.
Are you constantly on edge, overwhelmed, or exhausted, even when you know you're safe? Trauma, chronic stress, and ADHD can leave your nervous system stuck in survival mode, making it hard to switch off, focus, regulate emotions, or feel present. You may find yourself masking, overthinking, avoiding triggers, or feeling numb and disconnected. Therapy can help you understand how your brain and body have adapted, build greater safety and self-compassion, and develop practical strategies to reduce overwhelm and create lasting change through a collaborative, trauma-informed approach.
Modalities can include somatic-approaches, reconnection of the mind-body system, internal family systems and process work, CBT and schema therapy, and EMDR, amongst others.
Are you constantly on edge, overwhelmed, or exhausted, even when you know you're safe? Trauma, chronic stress, and ADHD can leave your nervous system stuck in survival mode, making it hard to switch off, focus, regulate emotions, or feel present. You may find yourself masking, overthinking, avoiding triggers, or feeling numb and disconnected. Therapy can help you understand how your brain and body have adapted, build greater safety and self-compassion, and develop practical strategies to reduce overwhelm and create lasting change through a collaborative, trauma-informed approach.
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Photo of Chanelle Adam, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Chanelle Adam
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Hawthorn, VIC 3122
The types of therapies I use are: Internal Family Systems, EMDR, CBT, ACT, Schema Therapy, and Attachment Theory
Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming, but at the heart of therapy is connection - and that’s what I try my best to prioritise in our sessions. I believe therapy shouldn’t feel clinical or detached; it should feel like a conversation with someone who truly sees you. I work specifically with young adults aged 18 - 35, and I have a special interest in working with trauma, attachment difficulties, anxiety disorders, young adults who are experiencing family and relationship difficulties, LGBTQIA+ individuals, and people who are experiencing identity struggles or those just feeling "stuck".
The types of therapies I use are: Internal Family Systems, EMDR, CBT, ACT, Schema Therapy, and Attachment Theory
Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming, but at the heart of therapy is connection - and that’s what I try my best to prioritise in our sessions. I believe therapy shouldn’t feel clinical or detached; it should feel like a conversation with someone who truly sees you. I work specifically with young adults aged 18 - 35, and I have a special interest in working with trauma, attachment difficulties, anxiety disorders, young adults who are experiencing family and relationship difficulties, LGBTQIA+ individuals, and people who are experiencing identity struggles or those just feeling "stuck".
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Photo of Sarah Dakhili, Counsellor, AMHSW
Sarah Dakhili
Counsellor, AMHSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Her approach is inclusive of Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy, Pain Reprocessing Therapy, Meditation, Mindfulness, IFS Therapy, Inner Child Work, CBT, Somatic Body Therapy, Neuroplasticity, Compassionate Inquiry
Sarah is a Psychotherapist and Mental Health Social Worker. She has been working within the field of mind-body disorders (MBD) for over 14 years, specialising in Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT) chronic pain, trauma recovery and Tension Myositis Syndrome (TMS), including other challenges such as stress, anxiety, depression, Fibromyalgia and PTSD. Her motto is simple: “Supporting clients in creating authentic power within themselves and in turn being able to make what was once difficult, easier”.
Her approach is inclusive of Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy, Pain Reprocessing Therapy, Meditation, Mindfulness, IFS Therapy, Inner Child Work, CBT, Somatic Body Therapy, Neuroplasticity, Compassionate Inquiry
Sarah is a Psychotherapist and Mental Health Social Worker. She has been working within the field of mind-body disorders (MBD) for over 14 years, specialising in Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT) chronic pain, trauma recovery and Tension Myositis Syndrome (TMS), including other challenges such as stress, anxiety, depression, Fibromyalgia and PTSD. Her motto is simple: “Supporting clients in creating authentic power within themselves and in turn being able to make what was once difficult, easier”.
(07) 3130 0085 View (07) 3130 0085
Photo of Viviane Golan, Psychotherapist, PhD, AASW
Viviane Golan
Psychotherapist, PhD, AASW
Online Only
Viviane has over twenty five years experience working with individuals, couples and families in ways that support growth, clarity, transformation and wholeness. Using a range of therapeutic modalities, Viviane provides a safe and compassionate environment where clients have the opportunity to explore themselves and their lives in ever deepening and enriching ways.
Viviane has over twenty five years experience working with individuals, couples and families in ways that support growth, clarity, transformation and wholeness. Using a range of therapeutic modalities, Viviane provides a safe and compassionate environment where clients have the opportunity to explore themselves and their lives in ever deepening and enriching ways.
(08) 9126 9057 View (08) 9126 9057
Photo of Imogen Rose Todd - Imogen Todd - Sex Therapy, MSc
Imogen Todd - Sex Therapy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brunswick, VIC 3056
I utilize various therapeutic modalities, including EMDR, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Schema Therapy, Gottman's Couples Therapy, EFT, and Internal Family Systems, tailoring my approach to suit each client's individual needs and preferences.
As a queer Sexologist and Mental Health Social Worker, I am here to support clients with a range of presenting difficulties. I offer sex therapy, relationship/couples therapy, perinatal therapy, and general counselling. I have expertise in supporting those with sexual function issues, including painful sex, erectile dysfunction, vaginismus and more. I also support people experiencing performance anxiety, mismatch in desire, body image concerns, relationship issues, sexual assault survivors, sex workers, and those needing support exploring gender and sexuality. I provide a warm, safe and non-judgemental space to meet client needs.
I utilize various therapeutic modalities, including EMDR, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Schema Therapy, Gottman's Couples Therapy, EFT, and Internal Family Systems, tailoring my approach to suit each client's individual needs and preferences.
As a queer Sexologist and Mental Health Social Worker, I am here to support clients with a range of presenting difficulties. I offer sex therapy, relationship/couples therapy, perinatal therapy, and general counselling. I have expertise in supporting those with sexual function issues, including painful sex, erectile dysfunction, vaginismus and more. I also support people experiencing performance anxiety, mismatch in desire, body image concerns, relationship issues, sexual assault survivors, sex workers, and those needing support exploring gender and sexuality. I provide a warm, safe and non-judgemental space to meet client needs.
(03) 8338 1600 View (03) 8338 1600
Photo of Nasia Outsikas, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Nasia Outsikas
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Caulfield North, VIC 3161
You might feel overwhelmed, stuck in patterns you don’t fully understand, or unsure how to move forward. Maybe you’re dealing with anxiety, people pleasing, overthinking, or feeling like you’ve lost touch with who you are. It’s likely you’re carrying more than most people realise. I’m a psychologist who helps people work through trauma, relationship struggles, risky behaviours, and major life transitions. Therapy with me is about creating a safe space to unpack what’s going on and start feeling like the version of yourself you want to be.
You might feel overwhelmed, stuck in patterns you don’t fully understand, or unsure how to move forward. Maybe you’re dealing with anxiety, people pleasing, overthinking, or feeling like you’ve lost touch with who you are. It’s likely you’re carrying more than most people realise. I’m a psychologist who helps people work through trauma, relationship struggles, risky behaviours, and major life transitions. Therapy with me is about creating a safe space to unpack what’s going on and start feeling like the version of yourself you want to be.
(03) 8203 5929 View (03) 8203 5929
Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapists
What is Internal Family Systems therapy?
Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a type of talk therapy that focuses on sub-personalities, or “families,” within a person, which may be made up of wounded parts and unpleasant emotions like anger and shame. These sub-personalities can come into conflict with each other and with an individual’s core Self, leaving the person feeling detached from positive traits such as the “8 C’s” of confidence, calmness, creativity, clarity, curiosity, courage, compassion, and connectedness. By healing a patient’s wounded parts, a therapist aims to restore balance and bring on positive change.

How does Internal Family Systems therapy work?
An IFS therapist will work with a patient to identify their particular sub-personalities, recognize the emotions powering them, and release them. By doing so, the patient should become more able to address any underlying problems their sub-personalities may have been trying to protect them from. Ultimately, a patient discovers ways to manage internal and external conflicts on their own, through techniques such as relaxation exercises, journaling, and making charts depicting the relationships between their core Self and their distinct parts.

Does Internal Family Systems therapy work?
IFS therapy has been shown to help people address conditions such as depression, anxiety, panic, fears and phobias, trauma, and substance use disorders. Some research has also found that it can help individuals deal with symptoms of physical health conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, such as pain, everyday functioning, depressive feelings, and low self-compassion. There are some conditions for which IFS treatment, specifically discussions of one’s “parts,” may be less appropriate, such as schizophrenia or other states that involve psychosis or paranoia.

How long does Internal Family Systems therapy take?
As with most forms of talk therapy, there is no set duration or end point for IFS therapy. After becoming comfortable with a therapist and the core concepts of IFS, some patients quickly make progress. While experiences vary, most will find that it is a relatively longer-term therapy, involving months and sometimes years of sessions.