Psychologists and Therapists in Keilor Downs, VIC

Photo of Irena Grigorian, Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Irena Grigorian
Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Keilor Downs, VIC 3038
Helping you feel calm, clear, and in control. Psychotherapy, Clinical Hypnotherapy, EMDR for professionals, individuals, and couples navigating stress, anxiety, trauma, and life transitions. With a trauma-informed, culturally sensitive, and client-centered approach Licensed Psychotherapist / Clinical Hypnotherapist Multilingual support In-person and online sessions Flexible hours, evening, and weekend appointments
Helping you feel calm, clear, and in control. Psychotherapy, Clinical Hypnotherapy, EMDR for professionals, individuals, and couples navigating stress, anxiety, trauma, and life transitions. With a trauma-informed, culturally sensitive, and client-centered approach Licensed Psychotherapist / Clinical Hypnotherapist Multilingual support In-person and online sessions Flexible hours, evening, and weekend appointments
(03) 8338 1971 View (03) 8338 1971
Photo of Aysha Umair, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Aysha Umair
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I am a General Psychologist currently working in private practice, with extensive experience providing therapy and assessments for children, adolescents, and adults. I support clients under NDIS, WorkCover, TAC, and Mental Health Care Plans. I use a range of evidence-based approaches including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT, ACT, EMDR), and Mindfulness-based strategies. I am trained in conducting Autism, ADHD, and cognitive assessments, providing comprehensive evaluations that guide diagnosis, support needs, and treatment planning. I am currently accepting new clients.
I am a General Psychologist currently working in private practice, with extensive experience providing therapy and assessments for children, adolescents, and adults. I support clients under NDIS, WorkCover, TAC, and Mental Health Care Plans. I use a range of evidence-based approaches including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT, ACT, EMDR), and Mindfulness-based strategies. I am trained in conducting Autism, ADHD, and cognitive assessments, providing comprehensive evaluations that guide diagnosis, support needs, and treatment planning. I am currently accepting new clients.
(03) 7302 2271 View (03) 7302 2271
Photo of Monique Toohey, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Monique Toohey
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I have been providing psychological services & counselling to adults for nearly 3 decades. I am also a Gottman informed couple's therapist. Clients who love working with me are often growth and values-oriented, because I am strength and strategy focussed. I am very passionate about my work and have 28 years of experience working to enhance social, emotional and relationship wellbeing with people from an array of cultural and religious backgrounds.
I have been providing psychological services & counselling to adults for nearly 3 decades. I am also a Gottman informed couple's therapist. Clients who love working with me are often growth and values-oriented, because I am strength and strategy focussed. I am very passionate about my work and have 28 years of experience working to enhance social, emotional and relationship wellbeing with people from an array of cultural and religious backgrounds.
(03) 9034 6163 View (03) 9034 6163

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jan Eppingstall, Counsellor, PhD, ACA-L2
Jan Eppingstall
Counsellor, PhD, ACA-L2
Elsternwick, VIC 3185
Waitlist for new clients
Are you forever in dread of the doorbell? Do you feel overwhelmed by the way you’re living and wish you could let go of possessions so you can live a full life with less? Or are you ready to let go of a lost loved one's things but don't think you have the ability to handle the raw emotions it will raise? At times our possessions provide us with comfort, remind us of people who have past through our lives, or help us feel in control in a world of chaos and constant change. However, if you are spending hours of your day dealing with, thinking about, or accumulating possessions instead of doing other valuable activities you need help.
Are you forever in dread of the doorbell? Do you feel overwhelmed by the way you’re living and wish you could let go of possessions so you can live a full life with less? Or are you ready to let go of a lost loved one's things but don't think you have the ability to handle the raw emotions it will raise? At times our possessions provide us with comfort, remind us of people who have past through our lives, or help us feel in control in a world of chaos and constant change. However, if you are spending hours of your day dealing with, thinking about, or accumulating possessions instead of doing other valuable activities you need help.
(03) 8613 3453 View (03) 8613 3453
Photo of Maria Machado - Anxiety, Depression, Grief & Loss, Trauma Informed, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Anxiety, Depression, Grief & Loss, Trauma Informed
Counsellor, ACA-L2
3 Endorsed
Chadstone, VIC 3148
My name is Maria Machado, and I am a Principal Counsellor & Registered with ACA. I specialise in anxiety and trauma work. Over the years, I treated several clients experiencing generalized & chronic anxiety, particularly associated with panic attacks and social anxiety. Supported them to overcome their anxiety and fear that can usually paralyse you to enjoy your daily life.
My name is Maria Machado, and I am a Principal Counsellor & Registered with ACA. I specialise in anxiety and trauma work. Over the years, I treated several clients experiencing generalized & chronic anxiety, particularly associated with panic attacks and social anxiety. Supported them to overcome their anxiety and fear that can usually paralyse you to enjoy your daily life.
(03) 8771 5714 View (03) 8771 5714
Photo of Sasha Ruggiero, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Sasha Ruggiero
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Richmond, VIC 3121
I’m a psychologist with a special interest in trauma, neurodivergence, and complex presentations across the lifespan. My work is formulation-driven and grounded in CBT, integrated with trauma-informed, attachment-informed, and neuro-affirming frameworks. This means I will work with all parts of your story. I combine structured, evidence-based therapy with thoughtful psychological depth. I work with children, adolescents, and adults experiencing trauma, complicated grief, emotional dysregulation, identity exploration, anxiety, mood disorders, and entrenched interpersonal patterns.
I’m a psychologist with a special interest in trauma, neurodivergence, and complex presentations across the lifespan. My work is formulation-driven and grounded in CBT, integrated with trauma-informed, attachment-informed, and neuro-affirming frameworks. This means I will work with all parts of your story. I combine structured, evidence-based therapy with thoughtful psychological depth. I work with children, adolescents, and adults experiencing trauma, complicated grief, emotional dysregulation, identity exploration, anxiety, mood disorders, and entrenched interpersonal patterns.
(03) 7036 8795 View (03) 7036 8795
Photo of Manon van der Lee, Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L4
Manon van der Lee
Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L4
Serves Area
EMDR Intensive Therapy Service designed for people seeking faster relief from trauma symptoms. EMDR is further suitable for people diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety, phobia's, panic attacks, depression and more. Our EMDR Intensive Therapy is tailored for individuals with busy schedules, and will be provided online, or visit us for a week in beautiful Far North Queensland, Port Douglas and Cairns.
EMDR Intensive Therapy Service designed for people seeking faster relief from trauma symptoms. EMDR is further suitable for people diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety, phobia's, panic attacks, depression and more. Our EMDR Intensive Therapy is tailored for individuals with busy schedules, and will be provided online, or visit us for a week in beautiful Far North Queensland, Port Douglas and Cairns.
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Photo of Lette Jewell, Psychotherapist, MC, ACA-L2
Lette Jewell
Psychotherapist, MC, ACA-L2
Thornbury, VIC 3071
We offer affirming, trauma-informed support for ADHD, autism, AuDHD, late-diagnosed, queer, trans and genderfluid people. We’re Indigenous, LGBTIQA+ owned and operated. Many clients come to us seeking relief from anxiety, depression, trauma, overwhelm, masking fatigue, emotional regulation challenges, and identity exploration. We understand how the body communicates stress and truth, and we help you reconnect with safety, awareness, and authenticity. In-person in Melbourne or online Australia-wide.
We offer affirming, trauma-informed support for ADHD, autism, AuDHD, late-diagnosed, queer, trans and genderfluid people. We’re Indigenous, LGBTIQA+ owned and operated. Many clients come to us seeking relief from anxiety, depression, trauma, overwhelm, masking fatigue, emotional regulation challenges, and identity exploration. We understand how the body communicates stress and truth, and we help you reconnect with safety, awareness, and authenticity. In-person in Melbourne or online Australia-wide.
0452 064 983 View 0452 064 983
Photo of Nicole Plotkin - Emotional Health Centre, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Emotional Health Centre
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Cheltenham, VIC 3192
“I am passionate about helping people explore and develop new avenues for personal growth and resilience". I support teams and individuals to build their resilience and address issues around workplace culture, relationships, conflict, stress, anxiety and depression, anger, disability, parenting and trauma. I do this with a compassionate, down-to-earth approach. As a workplace trainer for more than 15 years, I’m passionate about building resilience to adversity and change, at home and at work. View my team below :)
“I am passionate about helping people explore and develop new avenues for personal growth and resilience". I support teams and individuals to build their resilience and address issues around workplace culture, relationships, conflict, stress, anxiety and depression, anger, disability, parenting and trauma. I do this with a compassionate, down-to-earth approach. As a workplace trainer for more than 15 years, I’m passionate about building resilience to adversity and change, at home and at work. View my team below :)
(03) 9068 5718 View (03) 9068 5718
Photo of Amalina Yahya, Counsellor, ACA-L4
Amalina Yahya
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Online Only
You might be feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or like you're not quite yourself lately. Maybe you're juggling cultural expectations, relationship stress, or wondering if you might be neurodivergent. You just want to feel more in control, more understood, and more like you. You're looking for a counsellor who really listens, sees the bigger picture, and helps you make sense of what’s going on—with kindness and no judgment.
You might be feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or like you're not quite yourself lately. Maybe you're juggling cultural expectations, relationship stress, or wondering if you might be neurodivergent. You just want to feel more in control, more understood, and more like you. You're looking for a counsellor who really listens, sees the bigger picture, and helps you make sense of what’s going on—with kindness and no judgment.
(08) 7008 7811 View (08) 7008 7811
Photo of Chris Cunningham, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Chris Cunningham
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Croydon, VIC 3136
Managing stress and changing behaviour is a complex matter. It can be even tougher when you try to do it alone. My clients are looking for the tools to manage their situation effectively and bring about positive behaviour change and improved performance. The people I work with want the power that comes from combining the best elements of coaching, positive psychology with the best therapeutic practices, including both traditional and state of the art methods. They want both coaching support and clinical expertise to help them cope, build their resilience and ultimately thrive across a range of complex situations and experiences.
Managing stress and changing behaviour is a complex matter. It can be even tougher when you try to do it alone. My clients are looking for the tools to manage their situation effectively and bring about positive behaviour change and improved performance. The people I work with want the power that comes from combining the best elements of coaching, positive psychology with the best therapeutic practices, including both traditional and state of the art methods. They want both coaching support and clinical expertise to help them cope, build their resilience and ultimately thrive across a range of complex situations and experiences.
(03) 4014 9024 View (03) 4014 9024
Photo of Ajani Wadood, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Ajani Wadood
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Wollert, VIC 3750
Ajani Wadood has extensive experience providing evidence-based therapeutic interventions to clients across the lifespan, individuals starting from 3 years and over, and couples. Ajani is a qualified psychotherapist, coach, clinical counsellor, relationship therapist, educator, speech therapist, and a behaviour therapist. Ajani has worked in a range of roles including a registered teacher, NDIS Key worker, Early intervention specialist and Autism Specialist. in addition Ajani have worked with children, adolescents and teenagers and there families.
Ajani Wadood has extensive experience providing evidence-based therapeutic interventions to clients across the lifespan, individuals starting from 3 years and over, and couples. Ajani is a qualified psychotherapist, coach, clinical counsellor, relationship therapist, educator, speech therapist, and a behaviour therapist. Ajani has worked in a range of roles including a registered teacher, NDIS Key worker, Early intervention specialist and Autism Specialist. in addition Ajani have worked with children, adolescents and teenagers and there families.
(03) 7302 2874 View (03) 7302 2874
Photo of Julie Jensen - Julie Jensen - Changes in Between (Psychotherapy), Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Julie Jensen - Changes in Between (Psychotherapy)
Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Eaglemont, VIC 3084
I work with adults navigating grief, life transitions, and chronic disorganisation, including hoarding. You might be facing loss from death, separation, illness, ageing, or other major changes, or feeling overwhelmed by clutter and chaos at home. Emotions such as guilt, anger, numbness, longing, shame, or confusion can be exhausting. I offer a supportive, non-judgmental space to make sense of your experience and begin to take manageable steps forward.
I work with adults navigating grief, life transitions, and chronic disorganisation, including hoarding. You might be facing loss from death, separation, illness, ageing, or other major changes, or feeling overwhelmed by clutter and chaos at home. Emotions such as guilt, anger, numbness, longing, shame, or confusion can be exhausting. I offer a supportive, non-judgmental space to make sense of your experience and begin to take manageable steps forward.
(03) 8413 7338 View (03) 8413 7338
Photo of Lua Bruckhoff - Calm Centre Therapy, Social Worker, MA, AASW
Calm Centre Therapy
Social Worker, MA, AASW
2 Endorsed
Footscray, VIC 3011
I work with people who are feeling lost in life, burnt out or anxious, who might be questioning their identity or gender, navigating grief, relationship issues and life changes. I know that reaching out for help is hard but you don't have to hold these things alone. I’m Lua (she/her) a queer, bicultural therapist (persian/german). I offer a space that is LGBTQIA+ affirming & culturally responsive, honouring the many layers that have shaped how you relate to yourself and others. Together, we’ll make space for all parts of you and map out a way forward that feels meaningful to you.
I work with people who are feeling lost in life, burnt out or anxious, who might be questioning their identity or gender, navigating grief, relationship issues and life changes. I know that reaching out for help is hard but you don't have to hold these things alone. I’m Lua (she/her) a queer, bicultural therapist (persian/german). I offer a space that is LGBTQIA+ affirming & culturally responsive, honouring the many layers that have shaped how you relate to yourself and others. Together, we’ll make space for all parts of you and map out a way forward that feels meaningful to you.
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Photo of Renata Mathews, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Renata Mathews
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Footscray, VIC 3011
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, my name is Renata. I am a registered psychologist with over 10 years experience working in both the private and public sector, including correctional settings and alcohol and drug services. I have experience working with adults with different presentation and from different walks of life. I have worked with people who have experienced significant trauma and emotional distress, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, grief and loss, emotional dysregulation and life transitions. I am passionate about creating a safe and non-judgemental environment for clients to feel empowered to address their underlying concerns.
Hi, my name is Renata. I am a registered psychologist with over 10 years experience working in both the private and public sector, including correctional settings and alcohol and drug services. I have experience working with adults with different presentation and from different walks of life. I have worked with people who have experienced significant trauma and emotional distress, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, grief and loss, emotional dysregulation and life transitions. I am passionate about creating a safe and non-judgemental environment for clients to feel empowered to address their underlying concerns.
(03) 8594 4010 View (03) 8594 4010
Photo of Alana Shapiro, Psychotherapist
Alana Shapiro
Psychotherapist
Serves Area
Alana is a psychosexual therapist specialising in holistic, trauma informed care to support both individuals and partnerships with their sexological needs. Some of these needs may include issues with sexual difficulties, gender or sexual identity, intimacy, pleasure, mismatched libido, desire discrepancies, intimate pain and other relationship struggles just to name a few. Down to earth and non-judgemental, she helps her clients break down barriers and find the language to communicate their lived experiences with more clarity. All gendered, sexual, racial and cultural identities are welcome and will be respected here.
Alana is a psychosexual therapist specialising in holistic, trauma informed care to support both individuals and partnerships with their sexological needs. Some of these needs may include issues with sexual difficulties, gender or sexual identity, intimacy, pleasure, mismatched libido, desire discrepancies, intimate pain and other relationship struggles just to name a few. Down to earth and non-judgemental, she helps her clients break down barriers and find the language to communicate their lived experiences with more clarity. All gendered, sexual, racial and cultural identities are welcome and will be respected here.
(03) 4517 6946 View (03) 4517 6946
Photo of Devika Dey, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Devika Dey
Counsellor, ACA-L2
3 Endorsed
Footscray, VIC 3011
Therapy is a space for brave souls, and I'm here to welcome them. As a couples and relationship counsellor, I support partners and spouses through the complex dance of connection and intimacy. Whether you're feeling anxious, numb, or disconnected, I work to reduce the fear of conflict and replace it with understanding and growth. I have enjoyed a career that has now spanned close to 6 years supporting couples, first as a relationship and intimacy coach and then qualifying as a fully fledged counsellor and couples therapist.
Therapy is a space for brave souls, and I'm here to welcome them. As a couples and relationship counsellor, I support partners and spouses through the complex dance of connection and intimacy. Whether you're feeling anxious, numb, or disconnected, I work to reduce the fear of conflict and replace it with understanding and growth. I have enjoyed a career that has now spanned close to 6 years supporting couples, first as a relationship and intimacy coach and then qualifying as a fully fledged counsellor and couples therapist.
(03) 8203 5362 View (03) 8203 5362
Photo of Tom Teelow - Embers and Coal, Counsellor, PACFA
Embers and Coal
Counsellor, PACFA
Serves Area
My clients are adults who sense that something deeper is driving what's happening on the surface — the burnout that rest doesn't resolve, the relationship pattern that keeps repeating, the grief that won't move, the version of themselves they keep returning to despite wanting to change. They're often high-functioning people carrying more than they show. They've tried pushing through. They're ready to try something different. They don't need to arrive with everything figured out — just a willingness to look honestly at what's been getting in the way.
My clients are adults who sense that something deeper is driving what's happening on the surface — the burnout that rest doesn't resolve, the relationship pattern that keeps repeating, the grief that won't move, the version of themselves they keep returning to despite wanting to change. They're often high-functioning people carrying more than they show. They've tried pushing through. They're ready to try something different. They don't need to arrive with everything figured out — just a willingness to look honestly at what's been getting in the way.
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Photo of Jenny Leanne Walker, Social Worker, AASW
Jenny Leanne Walker
Social Worker, AASW
Prahran, VIC 3181
I work with adults (18–35) navigating anxiety, depression, life transitions, and relationship challenges. My goal is to help you reconnect with what truly matters so you can live with more purpose and fulfillment. I take a Humanistic approach, grounded in the belief that everyone has the capacity to create a meaningful life in their own unique way
I work with adults (18–35) navigating anxiety, depression, life transitions, and relationship challenges. My goal is to help you reconnect with what truly matters so you can live with more purpose and fulfillment. I take a Humanistic approach, grounded in the belief that everyone has the capacity to create a meaningful life in their own unique way
0415 731 517 View 0415 731 517
Photo of Vasiliki Garuli - Neuranova Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Neuranova Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi, my name is Vasiliki and I am a fully registered psychologist with AHPRA and a Medicare provider under the Better Access program. I currently offer online sessions only, working mainly with adults across Australia. My approach is warm and compassionate, and I draw on different evidence-based modalities such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. I believe that each person is unique, so I adapt my approach to meet your individual needs rather than taking a one-size-fits-all model.
Hi, my name is Vasiliki and I am a fully registered psychologist with AHPRA and a Medicare provider under the Better Access program. I currently offer online sessions only, working mainly with adults across Australia. My approach is warm and compassionate, and I draw on different evidence-based modalities such as CBT, ACT, and mindfulness-based therapies. I believe that each person is unique, so I adapt my approach to meet your individual needs rather than taking a one-size-fits-all model.
0415 299 472 View 0415 299 472

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Psychologists and Therapists in Keilor Downs, VIC

< 10

Psychologists and Therapists in Keilor Downs, VIC who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Parenting
100% Divorce
100% Self Esteem
100% Self-Harming

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Medicare Rebates
100% Medicare Bulk Billing
100% NDIS

How Psychologists and Therapists in Keilor Downs, VIC see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Keilor Downs?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.