Counselling in Balwyn, VIC

Photo of Charlotte Chapman- Restoring Minds Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Charlotte Chapman- Restoring Minds Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Hi, I’m Charlotte and I’m a registered psychologist (clinical registrar). My therapeutic style is warm, relaxed, and engaging. I enjoy connecting with my clients and getting to know them as individuals so that I can tailor treatment to meet their individual needs.
Hi, I’m Charlotte and I’m a registered psychologist (clinical registrar). My therapeutic style is warm, relaxed, and engaging. I enjoy connecting with my clients and getting to know them as individuals so that I can tailor treatment to meet their individual needs.
(03) 7003 2983 View (03) 7003 2983
Photo of Dr Josie Sinni - Restoring Minds Psychology, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Dr Josie Sinni - Restoring Minds Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Hi, my name is Josie. I am a registered psychologist and a clinical neuropsychologist who provides therapy to individuals aged 16 and over. My therapeutic style is warm, collaborative, and supportive. I believe that a strong working relationship is necessary to create positive life change, and I therefore like to take the time to really get to know you. I value using evidence-based approaches to work with you to meet personally meaningful goals.
Hi, my name is Josie. I am a registered psychologist and a clinical neuropsychologist who provides therapy to individuals aged 16 and over. My therapeutic style is warm, collaborative, and supportive. I believe that a strong working relationship is necessary to create positive life change, and I therefore like to take the time to really get to know you. I value using evidence-based approaches to work with you to meet personally meaningful goals.
(03) 7003 2407 View (03) 7003 2407
Photo of Deborah (Known As Lyn) Lyn Shand, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Deborah (Known As Lyn) Lyn Shand
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Online Only
Lyn has over 40 years of working as a psychologist and family therapist. She works with clients who suffer from stress, anxiety or depression and also with PTSD . Much of her work is also with couples and relationship issues, also those with family of origin problems, often beginning in childhood. She has a passionate interest in working with women who have hormonal problems, such as P.M.S., post-natal depression and anxiety, and also around the time of menopause. She has written a book which is available for $25 including postage. It is called "Balance Those Hormones". New solutions for change is her approach with her support.
Lyn has over 40 years of working as a psychologist and family therapist. She works with clients who suffer from stress, anxiety or depression and also with PTSD . Much of her work is also with couples and relationship issues, also those with family of origin problems, often beginning in childhood. She has a passionate interest in working with women who have hormonal problems, such as P.M.S., post-natal depression and anxiety, and also around the time of menopause. She has written a book which is available for $25 including postage. It is called "Balance Those Hormones". New solutions for change is her approach with her support.
(02) 4504 0230 View (02) 4504 0230
Photo of Rosemary Kamel, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Rosemary Kamel
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Hello, I’m Rosemary and I’m a registered psychologist. During my time in private practice I have worked with a wide variety of clients primarily from young adults (18 years) to older adults (65+). Providing you with a non-judgmental, safe and engaging environment is my priority, to help you deal effectively with the challenges you are facing and developing skills and strategies to achieve your therapeutic goals.
Hello, I’m Rosemary and I’m a registered psychologist. During my time in private practice I have worked with a wide variety of clients primarily from young adults (18 years) to older adults (65+). Providing you with a non-judgmental, safe and engaging environment is my priority, to help you deal effectively with the challenges you are facing and developing skills and strategies to achieve your therapeutic goals.
(03) 7003 2911 View (03) 7003 2911
Photo of Faith Maccar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Faith Maccar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
A sensitive soul seeking solace through art therapy. They grapple with various emotional challenges, such as anxiety, trauma, or self-esteem issues. Yearning for self-discovery and healing, they need a safe space to express their emotions without judgment. Their goal is to navigate the depths of their psyche, unlocking inner strength and fostering resilience. Through creative expression, they aim to find catharsis, gain insight, and reconnect with their authentic self. Empowered by self-awareness, they seek emotional balance and the ability to embrace life's journey wholeheartedly.
A sensitive soul seeking solace through art therapy. They grapple with various emotional challenges, such as anxiety, trauma, or self-esteem issues. Yearning for self-discovery and healing, they need a safe space to express their emotions without judgment. Their goal is to navigate the depths of their psyche, unlocking inner strength and fostering resilience. Through creative expression, they aim to find catharsis, gain insight, and reconnect with their authentic self. Empowered by self-awareness, they seek emotional balance and the ability to embrace life's journey wholeheartedly.
(03) 7003 2408 View (03) 7003 2408
Photo of Jasmine Taylor, PhD, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Jasmine Taylor
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am currently offering psychological support via Telehealth to individuals experiencing fatigue-related conditions such as long covid, chronic fatigue syndrome, and neurodivergent burnout. I also have an interest in supporting neurodivergent adults who have been late-diagnosed or who self-identify with ADHD, AuDHD, or Autism. My therapeutic approach is informed by my values of authenticity, empathy, and connection, and I aim to offer you a safe and compassionate space to explore your unique challenges and strengths.
I am currently offering psychological support via Telehealth to individuals experiencing fatigue-related conditions such as long covid, chronic fatigue syndrome, and neurodivergent burnout. I also have an interest in supporting neurodivergent adults who have been late-diagnosed or who self-identify with ADHD, AuDHD, or Autism. My therapeutic approach is informed by my values of authenticity, empathy, and connection, and I aim to offer you a safe and compassionate space to explore your unique challenges and strengths.
(03) 6174 1779 View (03) 6174 1779
Photo of Prue Lewis - Clinical Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Prue Lewis - Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Currently accepting new clients. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, panic, depression, health issues, or diagnosed or suspected ADHD, we are here to help. Living with mental health concerns is difficult, but we want you to know you’re not alone. At our practice, we provide an accepting, safe and supportive environment for you to explore your challenges, and help you develop practical skills and strategies to improve your wellbeing.
Currently accepting new clients. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, panic, depression, health issues, or diagnosed or suspected ADHD, we are here to help. Living with mental health concerns is difficult, but we want you to know you’re not alone. At our practice, we provide an accepting, safe and supportive environment for you to explore your challenges, and help you develop practical skills and strategies to improve your wellbeing.
(03) 8594 4040 View (03) 8594 4040
Photo of Carl Nelms - Blokes Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Blokes Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Accepting New Clients Now! Our mission at Blokes Psychology is to empower and support men in their mental health journey. We strive to create a safe and welcoming environment where men can openly discuss their life challenges, feelings and emotions without fear of judgment. Through evidence-based practices and a holistic approach, we aim to assist men in achieving optimal mental wellness and improve the quality of their lives. Our goal is to break down the stigma surrounding men's mental health and provide accessible resources for all boys & men to improve their mental wellbeing. We have offices in Cheltenham, Hawthorn & Scoresby!
Accepting New Clients Now! Our mission at Blokes Psychology is to empower and support men in their mental health journey. We strive to create a safe and welcoming environment where men can openly discuss their life challenges, feelings and emotions without fear of judgment. Through evidence-based practices and a holistic approach, we aim to assist men in achieving optimal mental wellness and improve the quality of their lives. Our goal is to break down the stigma surrounding men's mental health and provide accessible resources for all boys & men to improve their mental wellbeing. We have offices in Cheltenham, Hawthorn & Scoresby!
(03) 9070 5494 View (03) 9070 5494
Photo of Dominic Doyle, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dominic Doyle
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Dr Dominic Doyle is a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist. Dominic has worked across a variety of mental health settings over many years. This has allowed Dominic to develop his expertise in providing talk therapy to adolescents (16+) and adults experiencing emotional difficulties.
Dr Dominic Doyle is a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist. Dominic has worked across a variety of mental health settings over many years. This has allowed Dominic to develop his expertise in providing talk therapy to adolescents (16+) and adults experiencing emotional difficulties.
(03) 7500 5569 View (03) 7500 5569
Photo of Manuela Barichello, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Manuela Barichello
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Manuela is a skilled psychologist with much experience in Community Health, Medical Centres and Education (Primary-Tertiary). She enjoys teaching her clients new skills, identify their strengths to reach their full potential. If you have suffered grief and loss, trauma, or anxiety/depression you can learn reframing and healing strategies to come to a resolution. If you have suffered inter-relational or situational problems you may benefit from learning emotional regulation and acceptance skills. Manuela will help you achieve the outcomes you want by tailoring therapy to meet your individual needs through effective goal setting.
Manuela is a skilled psychologist with much experience in Community Health, Medical Centres and Education (Primary-Tertiary). She enjoys teaching her clients new skills, identify their strengths to reach their full potential. If you have suffered grief and loss, trauma, or anxiety/depression you can learn reframing and healing strategies to come to a resolution. If you have suffered inter-relational or situational problems you may benefit from learning emotional regulation and acceptance skills. Manuela will help you achieve the outcomes you want by tailoring therapy to meet your individual needs through effective goal setting.
(03) 7003 2012 View (03) 7003 2012
Photo of Dr Sandra Porter, PhD, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Dr Sandra Porter
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Sandra is currently taking on new clients. Sandra is a Psychologist and Board-approved Supervisor who is passionate about helping individuals maintain their mental health and well-being. Whilst specialising in trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Sandra also assists clients with grief, anxiety, depression and stress as well as relational and interpersonal challenges they may be experiencing. Call Tuesday-Friday to make a booking or organise a call back. Secure Telehealth sessions available, flexible times available.
Sandra is currently taking on new clients. Sandra is a Psychologist and Board-approved Supervisor who is passionate about helping individuals maintain their mental health and well-being. Whilst specialising in trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Sandra also assists clients with grief, anxiety, depression and stress as well as relational and interpersonal challenges they may be experiencing. Call Tuesday-Friday to make a booking or organise a call back. Secure Telehealth sessions available, flexible times available.
(03) 9034 6027 View (03) 9034 6027
Photo of Linnea Reddie - Vine Psychology, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Vine Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
I thrive on helping people improve the quality of their lives by better managing their mental health. Maybe you have always struggled with things like worry, stress, change or low mood. Or maybe for the first time you have encountered a challenge that is difficult to manage on your own. We all face difficult and challenging times at some point, and may need to look beyond ourselves for practical support to resolve a psychological issue. When we learn how to constructively deal with our mental health challenges, we feel more empowered and better able to pursue those things in life that fulfill us and enable us to thrive.
I thrive on helping people improve the quality of their lives by better managing their mental health. Maybe you have always struggled with things like worry, stress, change or low mood. Or maybe for the first time you have encountered a challenge that is difficult to manage on your own. We all face difficult and challenging times at some point, and may need to look beyond ourselves for practical support to resolve a psychological issue. When we learn how to constructively deal with our mental health challenges, we feel more empowered and better able to pursue those things in life that fulfill us and enable us to thrive.
(03) 7500 5927 View (03) 7500 5927
Photo of Sandra Pucci, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Sandra Pucci
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Sandra is an experienced bilingual clinical psychologist who sees different people from all walks of life, as circumstances bring many of us to therapy at different points or phases in life and for a variety of reasons. Sandra’s therapy setting provides a caring, not judgemental, supportive space where people can feel safe to express themselves and their inner feelings and where the person can have the experience to feel held in an accepting, respectful and empathetic way. This catharsis provides the individual with a freedom to unburden, relax and try to find a new stable foundation for a more fulfilling future and experiences.
Sandra is an experienced bilingual clinical psychologist who sees different people from all walks of life, as circumstances bring many of us to therapy at different points or phases in life and for a variety of reasons. Sandra’s therapy setting provides a caring, not judgemental, supportive space where people can feel safe to express themselves and their inner feelings and where the person can have the experience to feel held in an accepting, respectful and empathetic way. This catharsis provides the individual with a freedom to unburden, relax and try to find a new stable foundation for a more fulfilling future and experiences.
(03) 8797 5353 View (03) 8797 5353
Photo of Wendy E Doyle - Better Way Psychology - Wendy Doyle, MA, Australian Association of Psychologists - Member, Psychologist
Better Way Psychology - Wendy Doyle
Psychologist, MA, Australian Association of Psychologists - Member
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Connect with yourself and get unstuck to live the purposeful life you want. Many life experiences steer us off track and leave us in survival modes, unhelpful behaviour patterns, relationships, or routines. Or, you may have a diagnosis you are managing. I will use all my professional skills and knowledge to support and empower you to learn different ways to accept yourself and build healthy relationships with others at home and work. Every step you take to invest in yourself benefits those around you. "If not now, when?"
Connect with yourself and get unstuck to live the purposeful life you want. Many life experiences steer us off track and leave us in survival modes, unhelpful behaviour patterns, relationships, or routines. Or, you may have a diagnosis you are managing. I will use all my professional skills and knowledge to support and empower you to learn different ways to accept yourself and build healthy relationships with others at home and work. Every step you take to invest in yourself benefits those around you. "If not now, when?"
(03) 9069 9785 View (03) 9069 9785
Photo of Benny Wong, MPsych, PsyBA Prov, Psychologist
Benny Wong
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Prov
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Waitlist for new clients
Benny is dedicated to creating a nurturing and understanding environment where clients feel heard, accepted and supported. He is passionate about building trusting therapeutic relationships, which he believes are essential for clients to fully express their experiences and embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth. Benny’s empathetic approach ensures that clients feel safe and valued, enabling them to reflect deeply and gain new insights into their lives.
Benny is dedicated to creating a nurturing and understanding environment where clients feel heard, accepted and supported. He is passionate about building trusting therapeutic relationships, which he believes are essential for clients to fully express their experiences and embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth. Benny’s empathetic approach ensures that clients feel safe and valued, enabling them to reflect deeply and gain new insights into their lives.
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Photo of Natalia Cajide, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Natalia Cajide
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Hello, I'm Natalia. I work supporting adults and seniors through various challenges, including anxiety, depression, grief, insomnia, and significant life transitions like job changes, motherhood, or retirement.
Hello, I'm Natalia. I work supporting adults and seniors through various challenges, including anxiety, depression, grief, insomnia, and significant life transitions like job changes, motherhood, or retirement.
(03) 7003 2508 View (03) 7003 2508
Photo of Mercia Wessels, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Mercia Wessels
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
I work with adults and adolescents who want to stop repeating old patterns in their life and relationships. You're the one who is always there for others, but find it difficult to accept help in return. Your friends and loved ones reassure you, but you're plagued with a feeling that you don't really have much to offer. Self-doubt holds you back, and a constant battle with your inner critic leaves you exhausted. You've already worked really hard to try and make changes in your life, but frustratingly, your problems return and you keep struggling with feelings of emptiness and unfulfillment.
I work with adults and adolescents who want to stop repeating old patterns in their life and relationships. You're the one who is always there for others, but find it difficult to accept help in return. Your friends and loved ones reassure you, but you're plagued with a feeling that you don't really have much to offer. Self-doubt holds you back, and a constant battle with your inner critic leaves you exhausted. You've already worked really hard to try and make changes in your life, but frustratingly, your problems return and you keep struggling with feelings of emptiness and unfulfillment.
(03) 7003 2545 View (03) 7003 2545
Photo of Claudia Moratto, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Claudia Moratto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Claudia offers a specialist counselling service for clients experiencing mental health concerns due to challenging life circumstances, including grief and loss, bereavement and other life changes. Services include counselling and support for individuals, carers and families living with a serious and life threating illness, grief and bereavement counselling including support for traumatic loss, counselling for people experiencing mood and adjustment disorders and major life transitions.
Claudia offers a specialist counselling service for clients experiencing mental health concerns due to challenging life circumstances, including grief and loss, bereavement and other life changes. Services include counselling and support for individuals, carers and families living with a serious and life threating illness, grief and bereavement counselling including support for traumatic loss, counselling for people experiencing mood and adjustment disorders and major life transitions.
(03) 7003 2230 View (03) 7003 2230
Photo of Helen Telfer, PACFA, Counsellor
Helen Telfer
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Balwyn, VIC 3103
Better relationships are life giving but figuring out how to relate can be tricky. We oscillate between feeling connected, then disconnected and we often get stuck in a cycle of misunderstanding. Want to improve your interaction and be understood? Need help to address uncertainty and clarify need? Want insight into why you're getting stuck? Need help to brainstorm options and change the way you relate? We all struggle and we all have issues that we need to address, so let's do it... 0404 480 316
Better relationships are life giving but figuring out how to relate can be tricky. We oscillate between feeling connected, then disconnected and we often get stuck in a cycle of misunderstanding. Want to improve your interaction and be understood? Need help to address uncertainty and clarify need? Want insight into why you're getting stuck? Need help to brainstorm options and change the way you relate? We all struggle and we all have issues that we need to address, so let's do it... 0404 480 316
(08) 9126 9357 View (08) 9126 9357
Photo of Beata Sabala Maslowska, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Beata Sabala Maslowska
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Balwyn, VIC 3103
I am a counsellor and somatic psychotherapist with a special interest in supporting persons who navigate through trauma recovery; whether it is a complex trauma (C-PTSD) or a single incident trauma. This may express itself as; anxiety, depression, grief, relationship difficulties or a loss of orientation to what matters to us in life. In sessions I use a person-centered, integrative approach depending on what works best for my clients. I am passionate about helping them to develop their capacity for healing, growth and positive change so they can fully engage in life.
I am a counsellor and somatic psychotherapist with a special interest in supporting persons who navigate through trauma recovery; whether it is a complex trauma (C-PTSD) or a single incident trauma. This may express itself as; anxiety, depression, grief, relationship difficulties or a loss of orientation to what matters to us in life. In sessions I use a person-centered, integrative approach depending on what works best for my clients. I am passionate about helping them to develop their capacity for healing, growth and positive change so they can fully engage in life.
(03) 7003 2385 View (03) 7003 2385
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See more therapy options for Balwyn

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Balwyn, VIC

60+

Average cost per session

$217

Counsellors in Balwyn, VIC who prioritize treating:

87% Depression
87% Anxiety
82% Self Esteem
72% Stress
66% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Medicare Rebates
47% Bupa
39% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in Balwyn, VIC see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
26% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Balwyn?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.