Photo of Nicole Cowper, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Nicole Cowper
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Osborne Park, WA 6017
Coming to therapy can be daunting so it is important to me to make sure I get to know you and what you want from the experience. I am an open person with a keen interest in birds, video games and a wry sense of humour who is happy to discuss the absurdities of life. I generally work with ADHD, trauma, adjustment difficulties, grief and loss, anxiety, depression and much more. I am passionate about working with neurodiverse people in particular to help improve day-to-day function, meet goals, and improve overall wellbeing. I can provide assessment for neurodiversity for those who are unsure or wanting to find out more.
Coming to therapy can be daunting so it is important to me to make sure I get to know you and what you want from the experience. I am an open person with a keen interest in birds, video games and a wry sense of humour who is happy to discuss the absurdities of life. I generally work with ADHD, trauma, adjustment difficulties, grief and loss, anxiety, depression and much more. I am passionate about working with neurodiverse people in particular to help improve day-to-day function, meet goals, and improve overall wellbeing. I can provide assessment for neurodiversity for those who are unsure or wanting to find out more.
(08) 6493 7208 View (08) 6493 7208
Photo of Denis Leo McCarthy, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Denis Leo McCarthy
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Fremantle, WA 6160
Senior Clinical Psychologist & Neurofeedback Certified (BCIA) in Fremantle Private-Practice, servicing Perth-metro & online clients AU-worldwide. Also specializing in Occupational & Sports Psych, online coaching. Specialties: workers comp (rehabilitation psych), abuse, trauma, pain management, job stress, wellness, peak performance assessment, coaching & consulting. Therapy offers an opportunity to be more self aware, to learn new skills or tool(s), to be better problem solvers, communicators, to heal relationships & old wounds, let go of old baggage, and move on to a richer, fuller life. I assist in all these dimensions, and more.
Senior Clinical Psychologist & Neurofeedback Certified (BCIA) in Fremantle Private-Practice, servicing Perth-metro & online clients AU-worldwide. Also specializing in Occupational & Sports Psych, online coaching. Specialties: workers comp (rehabilitation psych), abuse, trauma, pain management, job stress, wellness, peak performance assessment, coaching & consulting. Therapy offers an opportunity to be more self aware, to learn new skills or tool(s), to be better problem solvers, communicators, to heal relationships & old wounds, let go of old baggage, and move on to a richer, fuller life. I assist in all these dimensions, and more.
(08) 6219 3849 View (08) 6219 3849
Photo of Gigi Kami, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Gigi Kami
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Whether grappling with thoughts or facing trauma, know you're not alone.
Located in Fremantle, I recognise the uniqueness of every client's journey, tailoring interventions to meet their specific needs. The therapeutic space I create is one of empathy, understanding, and collaboration, where clients feel heard and valued. In addition to my commitment to providing quality care, I prioritise accessibility through telehealth services. This allows clients to engage in therapy from the comfort of their chosen environment, facilitating a more convenient and flexible approach to mental health support.
Whether grappling with thoughts or facing trauma, know you're not alone.
Located in Fremantle, I recognise the uniqueness of every client's journey, tailoring interventions to meet their specific needs. The therapeutic space I create is one of empathy, understanding, and collaboration, where clients feel heard and valued. In addition to my commitment to providing quality care, I prioritise accessibility through telehealth services. This allows clients to engage in therapy from the comfort of their chosen environment, facilitating a more convenient and flexible approach to mental health support.
(08) 6206 8133 View (08) 6206 8133
Photo of Jean-Pierre Menage, Psychotherapist in Perth, WA
Jean-Pierre Menage
Psychotherapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Perth, WA 6005
I am well qualified in evidence-based effective treatments for anxiety, depression, trauma and other psycho-social and emotional issues.
The stories we tell about current events and memories of past episodes in our lives profoundly impact on us and our loved ones. Are you feeling distressed, anxious or traumatised by historical or recent experiences? I can help you alleviate, transcend or transform these symptoms, and reclaim psycho-social and emotional well-being. Good therapy relies upon us forming sufficient mutual trust and compassion to discuss and interpret personal matters. I look forward to hearing your story and helping you revise retellings of it that firm your resolve to follow your preferred path towards life with less distress, or completely free of it.
I am well qualified in evidence-based effective treatments for anxiety, depression, trauma and other psycho-social and emotional issues.
The stories we tell about current events and memories of past episodes in our lives profoundly impact on us and our loved ones. Are you feeling distressed, anxious or traumatised by historical or recent experiences? I can help you alleviate, transcend or transform these symptoms, and reclaim psycho-social and emotional well-being. Good therapy relies upon us forming sufficient mutual trust and compassion to discuss and interpret personal matters. I look forward to hearing your story and helping you revise retellings of it that firm your resolve to follow your preferred path towards life with less distress, or completely free of it.
(08) 6490 9884 View (08) 6490 9884
Photo of Rachel Webb, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Rachel Webb
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
South Perth, WA 6151
Her areas of interest are: Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, PTSD, Relationships, Family and Domestic Violence, Giftedness, Assessments, Insurance and Workers Compensation Claims.
Rachel is a empathic practitioner who takes a person-first approach. She creates a non-judgemental and supportive therapy relationship to assist her clients in understanding themselves and achieving their therapy goals. Rachel has an interest inworking with those who have faced adversity or trauma. As such, Rachel has psychological experience in the NDIS, and has volunteered with the Centre for Asylum Seekers, Refugees, and Detainees.
Her areas of interest are: Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, PTSD, Relationships, Family and Domestic Violence, Giftedness, Assessments, Insurance and Workers Compensation Claims.
Rachel is a empathic practitioner who takes a person-first approach. She creates a non-judgemental and supportive therapy relationship to assist her clients in understanding themselves and achieving their therapy goals. Rachel has an interest inworking with those who have faced adversity or trauma. As such, Rachel has psychological experience in the NDIS, and has volunteered with the Centre for Asylum Seekers, Refugees, and Detainees.
(08) 6361 3300 View (08) 6361 3300
Photo of Laurie Scarborough, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Laurie Scarborough
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Mount Lawley, WA 6050
I am a Registered Psychologist, working in private practice in Mount Lawley, Perth. I work with adults and young adults from diverse cultural backgrounds experiencing a variety of mental health concerns. I have a special interest in working with people affected by trauma as well as those with dual or complex diagnoses. I am also interested in how physical health affects mental health, including the effects of medication, nutrition, sleep, pain, and chronic illness on our mental health, and reciprocally, how the brain and mental illness affects our bodies.
I am a Registered Psychologist, working in private practice in Mount Lawley, Perth. I work with adults and young adults from diverse cultural backgrounds experiencing a variety of mental health concerns. I have a special interest in working with people affected by trauma as well as those with dual or complex diagnoses. I am also interested in how physical health affects mental health, including the effects of medication, nutrition, sleep, pain, and chronic illness on our mental health, and reciprocally, how the brain and mental illness affects our bodies.
0432 853 987 View 0432 853 987
Photo of Dr William Kirkpatrick, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Dr William Kirkpatrick
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Rockingham, WA 6168  (Online Only)
Ultimately I am human like you with a story and life experiences like you. As a Clinical Psychologist and Counselling Psychologist I can offer you support at this time with: anger, anxiety (general, health, panic, specific phobia, social), attachment, bereavement, complicated grief, CPTSD, depression, impact of cancer, life transitions, low self-esteem, managing emotions, neurodevelopment (ASD, ADHD, FAS), personality disorders (BPD), PTSD, relationship problems, self-harm, self-identity, stress management, substance abuse (alcohol, illicit, prescribed), suicidal thoughts, trauma (combat, emotional, physical, sexual).
Ultimately I am human like you with a story and life experiences like you. As a Clinical Psychologist and Counselling Psychologist I can offer you support at this time with: anger, anxiety (general, health, panic, specific phobia, social), attachment, bereavement, complicated grief, CPTSD, depression, impact of cancer, life transitions, low self-esteem, managing emotions, neurodevelopment (ASD, ADHD, FAS), personality disorders (BPD), PTSD, relationship problems, self-harm, self-identity, stress management, substance abuse (alcohol, illicit, prescribed), suicidal thoughts, trauma (combat, emotional, physical, sexual).
(08) 9560 6957 View (08) 9560 6957
Photo of Melanie Calder, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Melanie Calder
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Osborne Park, WA 6017
I provide a comprehensive evidence-based psychological intervention to children, teens, and adults with a variety of presentations: ASD/ADHD, trauma, PTSD, cPTSD, depression/anxiety and addiction.
My passion lies in guiding you towards crafting and living a life imbued with meaning and purpose, aligning with your core values, goals, and aspirations. I operate within a holistic framework and recognise the significant interplay between mental and physical well-being. In my practice, I adopt a compassionate and a client-centered approach, helping you achieve a sense of empowerment and the confidence to overcome your challenges and achieve your goals.
I provide a comprehensive evidence-based psychological intervention to children, teens, and adults with a variety of presentations: ASD/ADHD, trauma, PTSD, cPTSD, depression/anxiety and addiction.
My passion lies in guiding you towards crafting and living a life imbued with meaning and purpose, aligning with your core values, goals, and aspirations. I operate within a holistic framework and recognise the significant interplay between mental and physical well-being. In my practice, I adopt a compassionate and a client-centered approach, helping you achieve a sense of empowerment and the confidence to overcome your challenges and achieve your goals.
(08) 6490 9685 View (08) 6490 9685
Photo of Nadia Truong CARE Psychology Services , Psychologist in Perth, WA
Nadia Truong CARE Psychology Services
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Edgewater, WA 6027
She has a special interest in anxiety, depression, trauma, challenging behaviours, Specific Learning Disability, ADHD and parenting.
Nadia is a registered psychologist who places great emphasis on developing a therapeutic relationship with her clients and applies an individualised, client-centred approach to therapy. Her strengths-based approach helps clients to feel centred, affirmed, resilient and empowered so they can achieve potential personal growth. She is committed to a holistic approach to comprehensively address the various factors that may undermine a person’s resilience and sense of wellbeing. Nadia is also a Board Approved Supervisor with over 20 years of experience in the mental health sector.
She has a special interest in anxiety, depression, trauma, challenging behaviours, Specific Learning Disability, ADHD and parenting.
Nadia is a registered psychologist who places great emphasis on developing a therapeutic relationship with her clients and applies an individualised, client-centred approach to therapy. Her strengths-based approach helps clients to feel centred, affirmed, resilient and empowered so they can achieve potential personal growth. She is committed to a holistic approach to comprehensively address the various factors that may undermine a person’s resilience and sense of wellbeing. Nadia is also a Board Approved Supervisor with over 20 years of experience in the mental health sector.
(08) 6219 3897 View (08) 6219 3897
Photo of Genevieve Milnes, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Genevieve Milnes
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Mount Lawley, WA 6050
I am a compassionate and warm clinical psychologist who loves talking to people and finding out why people do what they do and how to help them overcome it. If you are depressed, anxious, or stressed please ring our clinic and make a time to come and talk. Individual and personal issues, marriage and relationships, parents and children, inattention at school and home, and a host of other areas. I conduct assessments for diagnoses including ASD Autism , ADHD, PTSD, ODD, Cognitive Devlpt (WISC, WAIS), and many others.
I am a compassionate and warm clinical psychologist who loves talking to people and finding out why people do what they do and how to help them overcome it. If you are depressed, anxious, or stressed please ring our clinic and make a time to come and talk. Individual and personal issues, marriage and relationships, parents and children, inattention at school and home, and a host of other areas. I conduct assessments for diagnoses including ASD Autism , ADHD, PTSD, ODD, Cognitive Devlpt (WISC, WAIS), and many others.
(08) 9126 9157 View (08) 9126 9157
Photo of Nora Gillespie, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Nora Gillespie
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Girrawheen, WA 6064
I apply solutions focused therapy, mindfulness and positive psychology, CBT, SFT, ACT, Schema Therapy, EFT, and utilise trauma-informed practices.
I am a Registered Psychologist who is passionate about supporting young people, adults and their families to connect and grow as individuals but also collectively. I work collaboratively with clients to address different life challenges including stress, anxiety, depression, parenting struggles and developmental issues using a range of counselling approaches and psychological interventions. As one of the very few Vietnamese speaking psychologist in WA, I aspire to support the community seek support for their wellbeing without the cultural stigma and challenges.
I apply solutions focused therapy, mindfulness and positive psychology, CBT, SFT, ACT, Schema Therapy, EFT, and utilise trauma-informed practices.
I am a Registered Psychologist who is passionate about supporting young people, adults and their families to connect and grow as individuals but also collectively. I work collaboratively with clients to address different life challenges including stress, anxiety, depression, parenting struggles and developmental issues using a range of counselling approaches and psychological interventions. As one of the very few Vietnamese speaking psychologist in WA, I aspire to support the community seek support for their wellbeing without the cultural stigma and challenges.
(08) 6219 3539 View (08) 6219 3539
Photo of Nishie Govender - Cetas Psychology , Psychologist in Perth, WA
Nishie Govender - Cetas Psychology
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Perth, WA 6000
Clinical/ therapeutic areas of interest include: Depression, Anxiety, OCD, Phobias, Trauma and Relationship issues.
I am a registered clinical psychologist with over 10 years of experience in both clinical and organisational psychology. This dual speciality allows for a holistic lens for adults with mental health challenges. Recognising individual beliefs, experiences, and cultures is at the core of my practice. I provide support in a non-judgmental and friendly environment, allowing clients to share and work through barriers uniquely. Learn more at CetasPsychology.com
Clinical/ therapeutic areas of interest include: Depression, Anxiety, OCD, Phobias, Trauma and Relationship issues.
I am a registered clinical psychologist with over 10 years of experience in both clinical and organisational psychology. This dual speciality allows for a holistic lens for adults with mental health challenges. Recognising individual beliefs, experiences, and cultures is at the core of my practice. I provide support in a non-judgmental and friendly environment, allowing clients to share and work through barriers uniquely. Learn more at CetasPsychology.com
(03) 7003 2697 View (03) 7003 2697
Photo of Shagoon Maurya, Counsellor in Perth, WA
Shagoon Maurya
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Perth, WA 6000
I support individuals who are struggling with a range of life challenges. This may be a situational issue or more ongoing challenges in life where you have notice repeated patterns. This could be things like struggling with mental health, emotional overwhelm, stress, relational issues or breakdown, life transition, work or study pressure, substance misuse, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues and childhood trauma. I also support adults experiencing relationship/marriage and family problems. It is not uncommon to feel apprehensive about engaging in therapy even though it can be very beneficial in many ways.
I support individuals who are struggling with a range of life challenges. This may be a situational issue or more ongoing challenges in life where you have notice repeated patterns. This could be things like struggling with mental health, emotional overwhelm, stress, relational issues or breakdown, life transition, work or study pressure, substance misuse, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues and childhood trauma. I also support adults experiencing relationship/marriage and family problems. It is not uncommon to feel apprehensive about engaging in therapy even though it can be very beneficial in many ways.
(08) 7079 4465 View (08) 7079 4465
Photo of Ingrid Glanowski - Emotional Growth, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Ingrid Glanowski - Emotional Growth
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Perth, WA 6000  (Online Only)
Ingrid is registered psychologist who provides primarily after hours online therapy to adults via Telehealth. In therapy, the environment Ingrid creates is compassionate, animated and genuine. She enjoys building long-lasting and meaningful connections with clients, knowing that this can be a catalyst for a successful experience in therapy. Ingrid is specifically interested in clients who present with developmental/relational-trauma and utilises her knowledge of attachment theory and family systems to help clients develop a deeper understanding of themselves.
Ingrid is registered psychologist who provides primarily after hours online therapy to adults via Telehealth. In therapy, the environment Ingrid creates is compassionate, animated and genuine. She enjoys building long-lasting and meaningful connections with clients, knowing that this can be a catalyst for a successful experience in therapy. Ingrid is specifically interested in clients who present with developmental/relational-trauma and utilises her knowledge of attachment theory and family systems to help clients develop a deeper understanding of themselves.
(03) 9994 1814 View (03) 9994 1814
Photo of Cara Mayne, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Cara Mayne
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
South Perth, WA 6151
I am a compassionate and caring clinician who is passionate about supporting young people and adults in overcoming their challenges, identifying their strengths, and giving them the tools to thrive. I seek to deliver a collaborative, person-centred, and solution-focused therapy in which clients feel comfortable and supported to overcome their challenges, achieve their goals, and gain insight and tools to develop healthy patterns of behaviour. I have a passion for working with children, adolescents, and adults and I provide a range of evidence-based interventions.
I am a compassionate and caring clinician who is passionate about supporting young people and adults in overcoming their challenges, identifying their strengths, and giving them the tools to thrive. I seek to deliver a collaborative, person-centred, and solution-focused therapy in which clients feel comfortable and supported to overcome their challenges, achieve their goals, and gain insight and tools to develop healthy patterns of behaviour. I have a passion for working with children, adolescents, and adults and I provide a range of evidence-based interventions.
(08) 6361 2958 View (08) 6361 2958
Photo of Morrison James McQueen, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Morrison James McQueen
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Perth, WA 6000
Change is difficult. Morrison is experienced in supporting a range of clients through difficult and confronting times. With extensive experience in treating chronic pain, anxiety and mood issues in adults and teens, Morrison brings his Psychological experience from across the private and government settings to each indiviuals' unique situation. Morrison is passionate about supporting people navigating life with ADHD and Autism (ASD) and living a full and fulfilling life of meaning and value.
Change is difficult. Morrison is experienced in supporting a range of clients through difficult and confronting times. With extensive experience in treating chronic pain, anxiety and mood issues in adults and teens, Morrison brings his Psychological experience from across the private and government settings to each indiviuals' unique situation. Morrison is passionate about supporting people navigating life with ADHD and Autism (ASD) and living a full and fulfilling life of meaning and value.
(08) 6493 7436 View (08) 6493 7436
Photo of Bowyer Psychology, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Bowyer Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Established in Mount Pleasant since 2007, we are an established team of compassionate Clinical Psychologists and Neuropsychologists. We have extensive experience in providing therapy to address a range of difficulties, and work with you to to develop strategies to maintain your psychological wellbeing. We also provide comprehensive neuropsychological assessments for diagnosis and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ADHD, Autism, educational difficulties, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. We also provide tailored neuropsychological based therapy specific to needs.
Established in Mount Pleasant since 2007, we are an established team of compassionate Clinical Psychologists and Neuropsychologists. We have extensive experience in providing therapy to address a range of difficulties, and work with you to to develop strategies to maintain your psychological wellbeing. We also provide comprehensive neuropsychological assessments for diagnosis and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ADHD, Autism, educational difficulties, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. We also provide tailored neuropsychological based therapy specific to needs.
(08) 6361 3164 View (08) 6361 3164
Photo of B Iriks, Psychologist in Perth, WA
B Iriks
Psychologist, PsyBA Prov
Verified Verified
Midland, WA 6056
Hi I'm B (they/him) and I am a proudly neurodivergent therapist with a gentle and easygoing approach. I have lived neurodivergent and LGBTQIA+ experience, so I am very welcoming and open to a diverse range of clients and I have a deep understanding of the struggles involved. I am experienced in providing therapy for a wide scope of issues including ADHD, Autism, Anxiety, Depression, and Gender Dysphoria. I have 7 years of experience working across a range of ages in disability support, and have worked with a range of ages in my psychological practice.
Hi I'm B (they/him) and I am a proudly neurodivergent therapist with a gentle and easygoing approach. I have lived neurodivergent and LGBTQIA+ experience, so I am very welcoming and open to a diverse range of clients and I have a deep understanding of the struggles involved. I am experienced in providing therapy for a wide scope of issues including ADHD, Autism, Anxiety, Depression, and Gender Dysphoria. I have 7 years of experience working across a range of ages in disability support, and have worked with a range of ages in my psychological practice.
(08) 6109 9057 View (08) 6109 9057
Photo of Ella Dilber, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Ella Dilber
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
South Perth, WA 6151
My passion lies in guiding people through life's challenges. Navigating school, work, relationships, and the intricate tapestry of life can be tough. I believe in a holistic approach, understanding the full scope of what shapes you. I'm not the expert on your life – my mission is to empower you to lead your journey, making lasting, positive changes. Within the safe space I offer, judgment has no place, replaced by compassion and understanding. Know that you're never alone, even in the most isolating moments.
My passion lies in guiding people through life's challenges. Navigating school, work, relationships, and the intricate tapestry of life can be tough. I believe in a holistic approach, understanding the full scope of what shapes you. I'm not the expert on your life – my mission is to empower you to lead your journey, making lasting, positive changes. Within the safe space I offer, judgment has no place, replaced by compassion and understanding. Know that you're never alone, even in the most isolating moments.
(08) 6388 9856 View (08) 6388 9856
Photo of Lay (Faith) Tee, Psychologist in Perth, WA
Lay (Faith) Tee
Psychologist, MSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lay(Faith) is a registered Psychologist trusted for her authentic, and non-judgmental approach. She currently treats a broad range of individuals including complex and clinical presentations; with a special interest in wellbeing across the lifespan. She enjoys working in areas to do with relationships, depression, anxiety, stress, and people who are going through loss, grief and bereavement. She worked as a counselor for more than 15 years in different settings such as in the church, community, and school. Lay (Faith) is married with two beautiful daughters.
Lay(Faith) is a registered Psychologist trusted for her authentic, and non-judgmental approach. She currently treats a broad range of individuals including complex and clinical presentations; with a special interest in wellbeing across the lifespan. She enjoys working in areas to do with relationships, depression, anxiety, stress, and people who are going through loss, grief and bereavement. She worked as a counselor for more than 15 years in different settings such as in the church, community, and school. Lay (Faith) is married with two beautiful daughters.
(08) 7701 9528 View (08) 7701 9528

See more therapy options for Perth

Trauma and PTSD Counsellors

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.