Counselling in Huonville, TAS

Photo of Anna Hopwood, Psychologist, PsyBA Prov
Anna Hopwood
Psychologist, PsyBA Prov
Huonville, TAS 7109
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with individuals of any age who may find seeking help difficult, and who are concerned that nobody will understand the struggles they face. I can help to alleviate feelings of shame and self-criticism, and provide gentle support to help clients develop greater strength to recover from and overcome obstacles that inhibit the ability to thrive and find contentment. When working with children I provide highly non-directive, play-based support, with an aim to develop their abilities for self-compassion and enable them to securely and effectively navigate the many trials that life inevitably presents over time.
I enjoy working with individuals of any age who may find seeking help difficult, and who are concerned that nobody will understand the struggles they face. I can help to alleviate feelings of shame and self-criticism, and provide gentle support to help clients develop greater strength to recover from and overcome obstacles that inhibit the ability to thrive and find contentment. When working with children I provide highly non-directive, play-based support, with an aim to develop their abilities for self-compassion and enable them to securely and effectively navigate the many trials that life inevitably presents over time.
0497 386 405 View 0497 386 405
Photo of Freja Heather - Child & Family Therapist | Freja Heather , Counsellor, ACA-L2
Child & Family Therapist | Freja Heather
Counsellor, ACA-L2
2 Endorsed
Huonville, TAS 7109
Hi, I'm Freja. Nature loving gardening enthusiast and mother. Welcome! I offer unique counselling experiences for parents, children and individuals in the heart of the Huon Valley and online Australia-wide. Counselling sessions are unique and personalised. Sessions can be in-person, in-home or online. Heather Therapies is a therapeutic haven for all. It is a place where parents are equipped with the tools to navigate the complexities of parenthood and where children are supported to express their emotions. School-based sessions can also be organised.
Hi, I'm Freja. Nature loving gardening enthusiast and mother. Welcome! I offer unique counselling experiences for parents, children and individuals in the heart of the Huon Valley and online Australia-wide. Counselling sessions are unique and personalised. Sessions can be in-person, in-home or online. Heather Therapies is a therapeutic haven for all. It is a place where parents are equipped with the tools to navigate the complexities of parenthood and where children are supported to express their emotions. School-based sessions can also be organised.
(03) 6173 9829 View (03) 6173 9829
Photo of Alison Ruth Pederick - Alison Pederick Counselling, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Alison Pederick Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Serves Area
Counselling is a good option if you have a difficult or distressing issue in your personal or work life that may be, for example, causing you to ruminate on your past, be angry, overwhelmed or demoralised in your present, worried for your future and you feel that you don’t have any good options for how to change your current situation. Counselling may also help if you are struggling with low self-esteem, if you are sad, anxious or depressed, or concerned about your relationships.
Counselling is a good option if you have a difficult or distressing issue in your personal or work life that may be, for example, causing you to ruminate on your past, be angry, overwhelmed or demoralised in your present, worried for your future and you feel that you don’t have any good options for how to change your current situation. Counselling may also help if you are struggling with low self-esteem, if you are sad, anxious or depressed, or concerned about your relationships.
(03) 4514 5575 View (03) 4514 5575
Photo of Bree Somer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Bree Somer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Serves Area
I believe life can be complex and we all, at one time or another, will need support to navigate challenging circumstances life has thrown our way. I aim to help clients feel comfortable accessing therapeutic support so we can work effectively together to facilitate positive change for their wellbeing.I work with adult individuals experiencing stress, burnout, life changes, grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, low self-esteem, relationship and health issues.I use a biopsychosocial framework (exploring life circumstances, history, health, strengths, family and social systems) and work collaboratively with you throughout the process.
I believe life can be complex and we all, at one time or another, will need support to navigate challenging circumstances life has thrown our way. I aim to help clients feel comfortable accessing therapeutic support so we can work effectively together to facilitate positive change for their wellbeing.I work with adult individuals experiencing stress, burnout, life changes, grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, low self-esteem, relationship and health issues.I use a biopsychosocial framework (exploring life circumstances, history, health, strengths, family and social systems) and work collaboratively with you throughout the process.
(03) 6145 0139 View (03) 6145 0139
Photo of Tammy Kendray, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Tammy Kendray
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I am a dedicated psychologist with over 15 years’ experience working with children, adolescents and adults across therapeutic and assessment spaces. My specialised area is supporting individuals with early attachment disruptions and trauma, working to address the underlying causes of distress and facilitate healing and growth. My practice is grounded in values of openness, honesty, kindness, and compassion. It is deeply informed by my love of nature driving the development of organic strategies and supports where possible for individuals.
I am a dedicated psychologist with over 15 years’ experience working with children, adolescents and adults across therapeutic and assessment spaces. My specialised area is supporting individuals with early attachment disruptions and trauma, working to address the underlying causes of distress and facilitate healing and growth. My practice is grounded in values of openness, honesty, kindness, and compassion. It is deeply informed by my love of nature driving the development of organic strategies and supports where possible for individuals.
(03) 6163 1503 View (03) 6163 1503
Photo of Keilan Grey, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Keilan Grey
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Clarity Health Care (CHC) provides comprehensive mental health care through a unified team of psychologists, clinical psychologists, and psychiatrists, all working towards your emotional well-being and mental clarity. At our Fitzroy and Hobart clinics, we offer a serene, supportive environment for individuals, couples, and families. Whether you’re managing anxiety, depression, stress, or relationship challenges, our experienced therapists are here to guide you. Our team includes some of the most skilled professionals in Melbourne and Hobart.
Clarity Health Care (CHC) provides comprehensive mental health care through a unified team of psychologists, clinical psychologists, and psychiatrists, all working towards your emotional well-being and mental clarity. At our Fitzroy and Hobart clinics, we offer a serene, supportive environment for individuals, couples, and families. Whether you’re managing anxiety, depression, stress, or relationship challenges, our experienced therapists are here to guide you. Our team includes some of the most skilled professionals in Melbourne and Hobart.
(03) 6173 7313 View (03) 6173 7313
Photo of Alanna Audus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Alanna Audus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I’m a neurodivergent queer therapist providing LGBTQ+ affirming therapy and trauma-informed support in Hobart and online. You deserve a therapist who gets it & who understands your experiences, challenges, and strengths without needing to explain or justify yourself. I welcome all genders, sexualities, neurotypes, ethnicities, and relationship styles into a space that is safe, inclusive, and affirming.
I’m a neurodivergent queer therapist providing LGBTQ+ affirming therapy and trauma-informed support in Hobart and online. You deserve a therapist who gets it & who understands your experiences, challenges, and strengths without needing to explain or justify yourself. I welcome all genders, sexualities, neurotypes, ethnicities, and relationship styles into a space that is safe, inclusive, and affirming.
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Photo of Deanna Bombardieri, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Deanna Bombardieri
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Serves Area
Sometimes to move forward, we just need a safe and non-judgemental space to express our concerns, explore our options, and importantly, be heard, understood and supported.
Sometimes to move forward, we just need a safe and non-judgemental space to express our concerns, explore our options, and importantly, be heard, understood and supported.
(03) 6160 7525 View (03) 6160 7525
Photo of Tamara Laing, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Tamara Laing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Serves Area
I know reaching out can feel like a big step, especially when you're already feeling stretched. It’s completely normal to feel unsure about starting therapy—many people do. But you don’t have to navigate life’s challenges alone. Whether you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or just unsure about your next step, I’m here to help. Maybe anxiety, self-doubt, or relationship struggles are weighing you down. Or perhaps you’ve been carrying the impact of past trauma, and you're ready to find relief. Whatever has brought you here, you deserve a space where you feel truly heard, supported, and understood.
I know reaching out can feel like a big step, especially when you're already feeling stretched. It’s completely normal to feel unsure about starting therapy—many people do. But you don’t have to navigate life’s challenges alone. Whether you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or just unsure about your next step, I’m here to help. Maybe anxiety, self-doubt, or relationship struggles are weighing you down. Or perhaps you’ve been carrying the impact of past trauma, and you're ready to find relief. Whatever has brought you here, you deserve a space where you feel truly heard, supported, and understood.
(03) 6163 1314 View (03) 6163 1314

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Ivan John Cunningham, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Ivan John Cunningham
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
Life can be overwhelming at times, and navigating challenges alone isn't easy. If you're seeking compassionate, professional, and confidential support, I’m here to help. I'm Ivan, a counsellor dedicated to supporting individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and unhelpful thought patterns. Through Phoenix CMC—my counselling, mentoring, and coaching practice—I work with clients to create positive change and help them lead more fulfilling, purposeful lives. My approach is solution-focused, practical, and tailored to your unique needs. If you're ready to take the next step toward reaching your potential, I’d be honoured to work
Life can be overwhelming at times, and navigating challenges alone isn't easy. If you're seeking compassionate, professional, and confidential support, I’m here to help. I'm Ivan, a counsellor dedicated to supporting individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and unhelpful thought patterns. Through Phoenix CMC—my counselling, mentoring, and coaching practice—I work with clients to create positive change and help them lead more fulfilling, purposeful lives. My approach is solution-focused, practical, and tailored to your unique needs. If you're ready to take the next step toward reaching your potential, I’d be honoured to work
(02) 9100 0007 View (02) 9100 0007
Photo of Brigitte Fabienne Goldfarb-Safrana - Surfing The Blues, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Surfing The Blues
Counsellor, ACA-L2
New Norfolk, TAS 7140
Perception is everything. Every event, situation and even trauma are coloured/perceived according to our emotional experiences. Although we cannot change past experiences we can change our perception and interpretation of them...and that is what leads us on the road t recovery. Imagine a vehicle: car, bike any sort of vehicle and imagine yourself turning ever so slightly the direction of its wheel, your vehicle goes in a totally different direction, the same goes for the mind...See you there...
Perception is everything. Every event, situation and even trauma are coloured/perceived according to our emotional experiences. Although we cannot change past experiences we can change our perception and interpretation of them...and that is what leads us on the road t recovery. Imagine a vehicle: car, bike any sort of vehicle and imagine yourself turning ever so slightly the direction of its wheel, your vehicle goes in a totally different direction, the same goes for the mind...See you there...
(03) 6161 3204 View (03) 6161 3204
Photo of Monique Noonan - Valley Social Work, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Valley Social Work
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Online Only
I work via telehealth with adults to support their mental health. I have a special interest in complex PTSD and personality disorders. I use a holistic, client centred, empathetic approach and focus on your innate strength and resilience to empower you to create positive change in your life.
I work via telehealth with adults to support their mental health. I have a special interest in complex PTSD and personality disorders. I use a holistic, client centred, empathetic approach and focus on your innate strength and resilience to empower you to create positive change in your life.
(03) 6152 8930 View (03) 6152 8930
Photo of Tim Sanderson, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Tim Sanderson
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Online Only
Discover a new approach to ADHD diagnosis and counselling at OzPsych. Specializing in adult ADHD, I am a compassionate professional who not only understands ADHD from a clinical perspective but also from personal experience. I believe in creating a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your unique journey with ADHD &/or Adult ASD. Services are available Monday, Thursday, and Friday from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Website www.ozpsych.com.au. In an emergency, please contact Lifeline at 13 11 14 or Beyond Blue at 1800 512 348 or 000.
Discover a new approach to ADHD diagnosis and counselling at OzPsych. Specializing in adult ADHD, I am a compassionate professional who not only understands ADHD from a clinical perspective but also from personal experience. I believe in creating a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your unique journey with ADHD &/or Adult ASD. Services are available Monday, Thursday, and Friday from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Website www.ozpsych.com.au. In an emergency, please contact Lifeline at 13 11 14 or Beyond Blue at 1800 512 348 or 000.
(08) 6202 9315 View (08) 6202 9315
Photo of Dante Zelakiewicz - Dante Psychology - Mental Health & Neurodiversity, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Dante Psychology - Mental Health & Neurodiversity
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Autism, ADHD, Anxiety, & Trauma/PTSD are my four areas of specialty. If you want to work with a psychologist who really understands these issues, who will tailor their approach to your specific needs, and who can provide a mixture of being patient, empathetic, and direct - then we will be a great fit. We will work towards resolving the root causes of problems, not just applying temporary fixes. This might involve addressing past trauma, problem solving present-day issues, and skill-building for the future.
Autism, ADHD, Anxiety, & Trauma/PTSD are my four areas of specialty. If you want to work with a psychologist who really understands these issues, who will tailor their approach to your specific needs, and who can provide a mixture of being patient, empathetic, and direct - then we will be a great fit. We will work towards resolving the root causes of problems, not just applying temporary fixes. This might involve addressing past trauma, problem solving present-day issues, and skill-building for the future.
0420 235 817 View 0420 235 817
Photo of Kate Rumney - Tap Your Way Home, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Tap Your Way Home
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Online Only
Kate is an Accredited EFT Practitioner with a professional background in Social Work. Her practice is grounded in a feminist, trauma-informed framework, with a deep commitment to emotional safety, nervous system regulation, and body-based healing. Kate brings years of experience in family support, child development, disability, family violence, and trauma recovery. She is passionate about working with women and gender diverse individuals to reclaim a sense of safety and agency in their brains and bodies. Kate is available for online sessions.
Kate is an Accredited EFT Practitioner with a professional background in Social Work. Her practice is grounded in a feminist, trauma-informed framework, with a deep commitment to emotional safety, nervous system regulation, and body-based healing. Kate brings years of experience in family support, child development, disability, family violence, and trauma recovery. She is passionate about working with women and gender diverse individuals to reclaim a sense of safety and agency in their brains and bodies. Kate is available for online sessions.
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Photo of Kaye de Ville, Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Kaye de Ville
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
North Hobart, TAS 7000
Are you feeling anxious, depressed or just cannot make sense of things. Everyone can have therapy at anytime in life. Talking to someone who listens, remembers your history, travels with you on your journey can be rewarding and help with anxiety, depression and feelings of being alone. I can help you make sense of your life, meaning and troubling thoughts. I am also an experienced couples therapist having supported couples on their journeys from courting to commitment. I help people make sense of where they have come to, going to and how they are going to get there even when the future is uncertain.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed or just cannot make sense of things. Everyone can have therapy at anytime in life. Talking to someone who listens, remembers your history, travels with you on your journey can be rewarding and help with anxiety, depression and feelings of being alone. I can help you make sense of your life, meaning and troubling thoughts. I am also an experienced couples therapist having supported couples on their journeys from courting to commitment. I help people make sense of where they have come to, going to and how they are going to get there even when the future is uncertain.
0437 892 282 View 0437 892 282
Photo of Ros de Virieux, Counsellor, AASW
Ros de Virieux
Counsellor, AASW
Serves Area
I am a senior social worker with many years experience in private practice and working in government and non-government agencies across Australia. I have worked with men, women, children and families, including people from different backgrounds such as Military personal, veterans and their families, Indigenous language groups, migrants and humanitarian entrants, and prisoners, just to name a few. I am a confident, highly motivated professional and take pride in my ability to communicate, both orally and written, with clients, management and supporting agencies to ensure a high level and comprehensive service.
I am a senior social worker with many years experience in private practice and working in government and non-government agencies across Australia. I have worked with men, women, children and families, including people from different backgrounds such as Military personal, veterans and their families, Indigenous language groups, migrants and humanitarian entrants, and prisoners, just to name a few. I am a confident, highly motivated professional and take pride in my ability to communicate, both orally and written, with clients, management and supporting agencies to ensure a high level and comprehensive service.
(03) 6361 2689 View (03) 6361 2689
Photo of Jade Wren Pearson - Wren Counselling, Counsellor, PACFA
Wren Counselling
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
My wealth of lived experiences including gender transition inform my collaborative client centred counselling approach. Whilst presenting issues may include depression, anxiety, identity incongruence, dysphoria, trauma, interpersonal challenges, addiction, loneliness, and more, I seek to work with the underlying causes as I believe that through addressing the root causes of the presenting symptoms that psychological wellbeing can be achieved without judgement or further pathologisation.
My wealth of lived experiences including gender transition inform my collaborative client centred counselling approach. Whilst presenting issues may include depression, anxiety, identity incongruence, dysphoria, trauma, interpersonal challenges, addiction, loneliness, and more, I seek to work with the underlying causes as I believe that through addressing the root causes of the presenting symptoms that psychological wellbeing can be achieved without judgement or further pathologisation.
0434 080 166 View 0434 080 166
Photo of Gaye Mallinson, Counsellor, ACA-L4
Gaye Mallinson
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Online Only
At Somatic Psychotherapies, I offer Clinical Supervision, Counselling (talk & somatic based) & Trauma Informed Yoga Therapy to Child/Youth/Adult, Couples & Families with availability for Weekday & Weekend sessions Online via Telehealth (Videolink or Phone) across Australia, New Zealand & Worldwide. I can utilise various assessments when appropriate to measure the severity of a specific problem, as well as determining your progress within therapy. I can also teach many various emotional regulation skills where this may be of benefit for you too. Whatever you are going through, know that there is hope - Let me help you find that hope.
At Somatic Psychotherapies, I offer Clinical Supervision, Counselling (talk & somatic based) & Trauma Informed Yoga Therapy to Child/Youth/Adult, Couples & Families with availability for Weekday & Weekend sessions Online via Telehealth (Videolink or Phone) across Australia, New Zealand & Worldwide. I can utilise various assessments when appropriate to measure the severity of a specific problem, as well as determining your progress within therapy. I can also teach many various emotional regulation skills where this may be of benefit for you too. Whatever you are going through, know that there is hope - Let me help you find that hope.
0459 767 347 View 0459 767 347
Photo of Sian Sugars, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Sian Sugars
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi I'm Sian (pronounced 'see-arn') and I'm currently offering counselling to individuals, online and in-person. My person-centred approach provides you with a warm, safe space to explore thoughts, feelings and behaviours. With a trauma-informed and strength-based approach I use validation, gentle challenging questions and psycho-education to support you and any life changes you may want to implement. Plan managed and self-managed NDIS clients are welcome. They are charged under the NDIS pricing guide.
Hi I'm Sian (pronounced 'see-arn') and I'm currently offering counselling to individuals, online and in-person. My person-centred approach provides you with a warm, safe space to explore thoughts, feelings and behaviours. With a trauma-informed and strength-based approach I use validation, gentle challenging questions and psycho-education to support you and any life changes you may want to implement. Plan managed and self-managed NDIS clients are welcome. They are charged under the NDIS pricing guide.
0490 115 063 View 0490 115 063

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Huonville, TAS

< 10

Counsellors in Huonville, TAS who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
89% Stress
78% Self Esteem
78% Women's Issues
67% Relationship Issues
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Other
75% Teachers Health
50% Bupa

How Counsellors in Huonville, TAS see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Huonville?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.