Counselling in Warradale, SA

Photo of Andrea Leanne Konigsmann - Andrea K, Counsellor, PACFA
Andrea K
Counsellor, PACFA
Warradale, SA 5046
I’m Andrea Konigsmann, a trauma-informed counsellor with two decades of experience across community services and human services. I support professionals and caregivers navigating chronic stress, workplace burnout, life-stage transitions and the lingering effects of past trauma. Supporting people to develop practical strategies that work, reclaim moments of calm, restore your energy and feel more grounded in both work and life.
I’m Andrea Konigsmann, a trauma-informed counsellor with two decades of experience across community services and human services. I support professionals and caregivers navigating chronic stress, workplace burnout, life-stage transitions and the lingering effects of past trauma. Supporting people to develop practical strategies that work, reclaim moments of calm, restore your energy and feel more grounded in both work and life.
(08) 7008 7071 View (08) 7008 7071
Photo of Humera Rafiq, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Humera Rafiq
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Warradale, SA 5046
Right Path Psychology has caring and skilled Psychologists that excel in a range of general and clinical psychological services such as Depression, Anxiety, Relationship Counselling, Stress Management, EAP and Trauma counselling, Onsite organisation support, Redundancies, Trauma Debriefing, Emotional Resilience and other issues.
Right Path Psychology has caring and skilled Psychologists that excel in a range of general and clinical psychological services such as Depression, Anxiety, Relationship Counselling, Stress Management, EAP and Trauma counselling, Onsite organisation support, Redundancies, Trauma Debriefing, Emotional Resilience and other issues.
(08) 8646 5609 View (08) 8646 5609
Photo of Kerry Ann Johnson - True Counselling Relationship Counselling, Counsellor, ACA-L2
True Counselling Relationship Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
Kerry is an experienced and skilled counsellor who has been supporting couples of varied ages through general, more complex, and diverse issues. Kerry has worked in a range of sectors including not for profit organisations, schools and now in private practice and is registered with the Australian Counselling Association L2. Through her expertise she offers therapeutic services to guide and support couples to develop strategies and skills to build and understand your inner world as a couple. Working from a gentle, client-centred approach, she works collaboratively with each couple to ensure the best outcomes are reached.
Kerry is an experienced and skilled counsellor who has been supporting couples of varied ages through general, more complex, and diverse issues. Kerry has worked in a range of sectors including not for profit organisations, schools and now in private practice and is registered with the Australian Counselling Association L2. Through her expertise she offers therapeutic services to guide and support couples to develop strategies and skills to build and understand your inner world as a couple. Working from a gentle, client-centred approach, she works collaboratively with each couple to ensure the best outcomes are reached.
(08) 7228 0429 View (08) 7228 0429
Photo of Kate Najar - Bokeh Therapy , Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Bokeh Therapy
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Serves Area
SPECIALISING IN WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES WELCOME TO BOKEH THERAPY Sometimes in our day to day life we struggle to acknowledge what isn't in our direct focus. Bokeh is the word to describe the out of focus area around a subject or object being photographed. We liken this area to our subconscious and inner self that we often over look in an increasingly focused world.
SPECIALISING IN WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES WELCOME TO BOKEH THERAPY Sometimes in our day to day life we struggle to acknowledge what isn't in our direct focus. Bokeh is the word to describe the out of focus area around a subject or object being photographed. We liken this area to our subconscious and inner self that we often over look in an increasingly focused world.
(08) 7008 7180 View (08) 7008 7180
Photo of Tim Lindeberg, Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L2
Tim Lindeberg
Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L2
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
For many years, I experienced the worst of what anxiety had to offer. I now use my experience to help others navigate towards a life of peace, free from debilitating anxiety. Specialising in anxiety-related issues, I firmly believe that those who have conquered their own struggle are best equipped to guide others through similar challenges. In our collaboration, we'll form a dynamic team, dedicated to unlocking your true potential and realising the person you were always meant to be. Through psychotherapy consultations conducted online via Zoom, I offer personalised guidance tailored to your unique needs and circumstances.
For many years, I experienced the worst of what anxiety had to offer. I now use my experience to help others navigate towards a life of peace, free from debilitating anxiety. Specialising in anxiety-related issues, I firmly believe that those who have conquered their own struggle are best equipped to guide others through similar challenges. In our collaboration, we'll form a dynamic team, dedicated to unlocking your true potential and realising the person you were always meant to be. Through psychotherapy consultations conducted online via Zoom, I offer personalised guidance tailored to your unique needs and circumstances.
(08) 7008 7980 View (08) 7008 7980

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Samantha McDonnell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Samantha McDonnell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Online Only
I'm a specialist grief and bereavement counsellor, and I support individuals to manage complex or distressing grief experiences, and adjustment difficulties following the death of loved one. I provide a supportive and reflective space to talk about the person who has died, and to understand your unique grief experiences and grief responses. I can assist you to recognise and utilise existing personal resources and strengths, and to help you to build additional effective coping skills to manage to impacts of your grief, and to adjust to the changed life and the secondary losses that arise in bereavement.
I'm a specialist grief and bereavement counsellor, and I support individuals to manage complex or distressing grief experiences, and adjustment difficulties following the death of loved one. I provide a supportive and reflective space to talk about the person who has died, and to understand your unique grief experiences and grief responses. I can assist you to recognise and utilise existing personal resources and strengths, and to help you to build additional effective coping skills to manage to impacts of your grief, and to adjust to the changed life and the secondary losses that arise in bereavement.
(08) 7008 9655 View (08) 7008 9655
Photo of Heather Ferry, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Heather Ferry
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Serves Area
Whatever your situation, my aim is to support you to find understanding, build resilience and navigate life's challenges in a gentle and natural way. I work with individuals on a wide range of issues and concerns, including but not limited to, depression, anxiety, stress, grief and loss, life transitions, fears and phobias, health and wellness, weight issues, and general life challenges. I have a strong focus on nervous system regulation, anxiety and stress reduction. ​
Whatever your situation, my aim is to support you to find understanding, build resilience and navigate life's challenges in a gentle and natural way. I work with individuals on a wide range of issues and concerns, including but not limited to, depression, anxiety, stress, grief and loss, life transitions, fears and phobias, health and wellness, weight issues, and general life challenges. I have a strong focus on nervous system regulation, anxiety and stress reduction. ​
(08) 6728 3133 View (08) 6728 3133
Photo of Lisa Harrington - Reframe Therapy , Counsellor, PACFA
Reframe Therapy
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
I've helped many people see their lives more clearly and be the person they want to be. What would you like to change? Is there something you feel is holding you back but you just can't figure out what or why? Sometimes you might just want someone to talk to that isn't a friend or family member to give you an independent insight to a problem. Whatever you are looking for, I can help you reframe what isn't working and give you a different perspective.
I've helped many people see their lives more clearly and be the person they want to be. What would you like to change? Is there something you feel is holding you back but you just can't figure out what or why? Sometimes you might just want someone to talk to that isn't a friend or family member to give you an independent insight to a problem. Whatever you are looking for, I can help you reframe what isn't working and give you a different perspective.
(03) 6318 3722 View (03) 6318 3722
Photo of Dr Remy McCubbin, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Remy McCubbin
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Kensington Park, SA 5068
Dr Remy is a highly experienced clinical psychologist of 24 years whose wealth of experience and compassion makes him a highly sought-after therapist. His professional and life experience bring a richness to his understanding, and he utilises evidence-based treatment techniques that are most likely to be effective. Dr ​Remy has helped innumerable people overcome depression, anxiety, panic attacks, trauma, personality disorders and other life challenges. Solution Directed Therapy – with Compassion and Humour.
Dr Remy is a highly experienced clinical psychologist of 24 years whose wealth of experience and compassion makes him a highly sought-after therapist. His professional and life experience bring a richness to his understanding, and he utilises evidence-based treatment techniques that are most likely to be effective. Dr ​Remy has helped innumerable people overcome depression, anxiety, panic attacks, trauma, personality disorders and other life challenges. Solution Directed Therapy – with Compassion and Humour.
(08) 7008 7006 View (08) 7008 7006
Photo of Elizabeth Holmquest - Elizabeth Holmquest - Paper Daisy Therapy , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Elizabeth Holmquest - Paper Daisy Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Serves Area
Hello! I'm Elizabeth. Are you struggling with family of origin issues from the past and need support? I work with people who have had experiences including (but not limited to) sexual, physical and emotional abuse and/or neglect. You're not alone. Recovery is possible. I support people to achieve the goals and intentions most important to them.
Hello! I'm Elizabeth. Are you struggling with family of origin issues from the past and need support? I work with people who have had experiences including (but not limited to) sexual, physical and emotional abuse and/or neglect. You're not alone. Recovery is possible. I support people to achieve the goals and intentions most important to them.
(03) 4321 2980 View (03) 4321 2980
Photo of Sian Sugars, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Sian Sugars
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi I'm Sian (pronounced 'see-arn') and I'm currently offering counselling to individuals, online and in-person. My person-centred approach provides you with a warm, safe space to explore thoughts, feelings and behaviours. With a trauma-informed and strength-based approach I use validation, gentle challenging questions and psycho-education to support you and any life changes you may want to implement. Plan managed and self-managed NDIS clients are welcome. They are charged under the NDIS pricing guide.
Hi I'm Sian (pronounced 'see-arn') and I'm currently offering counselling to individuals, online and in-person. My person-centred approach provides you with a warm, safe space to explore thoughts, feelings and behaviours. With a trauma-informed and strength-based approach I use validation, gentle challenging questions and psycho-education to support you and any life changes you may want to implement. Plan managed and self-managed NDIS clients are welcome. They are charged under the NDIS pricing guide.
0490 115 063 View 0490 115 063
Photo of Kelly Hann, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Kelly Hann
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Adelaide, SA 5000
My greatest passion is in helping others to find peace, fulfilment and meaning. ​My approach is person-centred, non-judgmental and collaborative. I am a trained and qualified Counsellor and Psychotherapist. My therapeutic approach is one which integrates elements of several modalities including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Narrative Therapy and Mindfulness.
My greatest passion is in helping others to find peace, fulfilment and meaning. ​My approach is person-centred, non-judgmental and collaborative. I am a trained and qualified Counsellor and Psychotherapist. My therapeutic approach is one which integrates elements of several modalities including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Narrative Therapy and Mindfulness.
(08) 7081 9361 View (08) 7081 9361
Photo of Sonia Harrison, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Sonia Harrison
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Online Only
As a Clinical Psychologist I am grateful to have shared many diverse experiences over the past 20 years, working with people at different stages of their life. I have an honest down-to-earth approach providing practical ideas, guidance and strategies for building skills to manage life's challenges and encourage positive outcomes. Perspective and empathy are important in life. How we choose to look at individual events, ourselves and others can shape how we manage difficulties and how effectively we work toward the things that are important to us. We all struggle at times and we all have the capacity to grow in a positive direction.
As a Clinical Psychologist I am grateful to have shared many diverse experiences over the past 20 years, working with people at different stages of their life. I have an honest down-to-earth approach providing practical ideas, guidance and strategies for building skills to manage life's challenges and encourage positive outcomes. Perspective and empathy are important in life. How we choose to look at individual events, ourselves and others can shape how we manage difficulties and how effectively we work toward the things that are important to us. We all struggle at times and we all have the capacity to grow in a positive direction.
0493 597 959 View 0493 597 959
Photo of Joanna Burdorf - Talking Heads Counselling - Joanna, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Talking Heads Counselling - Joanna
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Stirling, SA 5152
Hello, I'm Joanna and I own and operate Talking Heads Counselling - an Adelaide Hills counselling service offering sessions in a cosy private cottage, in-school, via tele-health or outside in the fresh air. I aim to provide a safe, comfortable and relaxed space for children, adolescents and young adults (aged 5-25) to work through life's challenges. Enquiries for individuals outside of this age range will be considered on a case by case basis. Sometimes Collin and Phil the friendly dachshunds come to sessions too! If you would like to meet with me, bookings to be made via my website: www.talkingheadscounselling.com.au
Hello, I'm Joanna and I own and operate Talking Heads Counselling - an Adelaide Hills counselling service offering sessions in a cosy private cottage, in-school, via tele-health or outside in the fresh air. I aim to provide a safe, comfortable and relaxed space for children, adolescents and young adults (aged 5-25) to work through life's challenges. Enquiries for individuals outside of this age range will be considered on a case by case basis. Sometimes Collin and Phil the friendly dachshunds come to sessions too! If you would like to meet with me, bookings to be made via my website: www.talkingheadscounselling.com.au
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Photo of Jana Fielke, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Jana Fielke
Counsellor, ACA-L1
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Whether you're feeling anxious, low in self-esteem, managing an eating disorder, you feel lonely or are recovering from a breakup, I can help you heal and move forward. My clients come to me with all kinds of concerns—they often sound like "I don’t know what I need, I just know I need help," "I’ve never spoken about this before," or "I feel like I'm so far behind" or "I just don't want to feel like this anymore." I'm for anyone seeking a safe space where they can be fully themselves—messy, uncertain, and unfolding—while gaining new skills and strategies to move toward a more values-aligned, fulfilling life.
Whether you're feeling anxious, low in self-esteem, managing an eating disorder, you feel lonely or are recovering from a breakup, I can help you heal and move forward. My clients come to me with all kinds of concerns—they often sound like "I don’t know what I need, I just know I need help," "I’ve never spoken about this before," or "I feel like I'm so far behind" or "I just don't want to feel like this anymore." I'm for anyone seeking a safe space where they can be fully themselves—messy, uncertain, and unfolding—while gaining new skills and strategies to move toward a more values-aligned, fulfilling life.
(02) 9100 0486 View (02) 9100 0486
Photo of Valda Burleigh, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Valda Burleigh
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Millswood, SA 5034
Whatever the issue, my first aim is to create a safe environment for clients to talk, and for them to feel they are being heard and understood. Trauma survivors may grapple with debilitating symptoms such as hyper-vigilance, and emotional dysregulation, seeking to regain a sense of safety and control. A struggling couple may strive to rebuild trust, connection, teamwork, and restore intimacy in their relationship. Grieving individuals may require support in navigating grief and adjusting to life after loss. Those battling anxiety and stress may seek strategies to manage overwhelming emotions and be more at ease with self and life.
Whatever the issue, my first aim is to create a safe environment for clients to talk, and for them to feel they are being heard and understood. Trauma survivors may grapple with debilitating symptoms such as hyper-vigilance, and emotional dysregulation, seeking to regain a sense of safety and control. A struggling couple may strive to rebuild trust, connection, teamwork, and restore intimacy in their relationship. Grieving individuals may require support in navigating grief and adjusting to life after loss. Those battling anxiety and stress may seek strategies to manage overwhelming emotions and be more at ease with self and life.
(08) 7079 4202 View (08) 7079 4202
Photo of Brendan Partridge, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Brendan Partridge
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I am an experienced clinical psychologist readily available to assist you in understanding and improving your quality of life. Based on my core values of insight, compassion, and empowerment, I am passionate about providing a warm and welcoming therapeutic experience tailored to the individual. I provide an integrative style of intervention, drawing from both professional training, as well as lived experiences. Over and above the 'type' of therapy delivered, I am client-centred, and believe in a validating and constructive therapeutic relationship as the main vehicle toward change.
I am an experienced clinical psychologist readily available to assist you in understanding and improving your quality of life. Based on my core values of insight, compassion, and empowerment, I am passionate about providing a warm and welcoming therapeutic experience tailored to the individual. I provide an integrative style of intervention, drawing from both professional training, as well as lived experiences. Over and above the 'type' of therapy delivered, I am client-centred, and believe in a validating and constructive therapeutic relationship as the main vehicle toward change.
(02) 4504 0257 View (02) 4504 0257
Photo of Caroline Meyer - Middlepath Allied Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Middlepath Allied Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Rose Park, SA 5067
a psychotherapist, I believe healing is a journey—one that requires authenticity, patience, and connection to both ourselves and the world around us. My own path of unpacking trauma and embracing ongoing growth allows me to hold a genuine, compassionate space for clients. Therapy isn’t just about skills; it’s about real connection and continual learning. Healing invites us to slow down, stay present, and trust the path—even when it’s winding or uncertain. If you’re seeking support or collaboration with someone who values honesty, growth, and deep connection, I may just be the right fit for you.
a psychotherapist, I believe healing is a journey—one that requires authenticity, patience, and connection to both ourselves and the world around us. My own path of unpacking trauma and embracing ongoing growth allows me to hold a genuine, compassionate space for clients. Therapy isn’t just about skills; it’s about real connection and continual learning. Healing invites us to slow down, stay present, and trust the path—even when it’s winding or uncertain. If you’re seeking support or collaboration with someone who values honesty, growth, and deep connection, I may just be the right fit for you.
(08) 7008 7156 View (08) 7008 7156
Photo of Matthew Lockwood, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Matthew Lockwood
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Rosslyn Park, SA 5072
One day, out of the blue, my life was turned upside down. Therefore I have specialist 'lived experience' with rehabilitation from serious illness and injury. This means that I can listen to you from a practical, not only the theoretical and clinical perspective.
One day, out of the blue, my life was turned upside down. Therefore I have specialist 'lived experience' with rehabilitation from serious illness and injury. This means that I can listen to you from a practical, not only the theoretical and clinical perspective.
(08) 7078 7009 View (08) 7078 7009
Photo of Yumi Sento - Speak Culture, Counsellor, MC
Speak Culture
Counsellor, MC
Online Only
Yumi is a compassionate and culturally attuned mental health counsellor with a background in Psychology and Counselling. With lived experience in Japan, Indonesia, and Australia, she understands the unique challenges faced by individuals adjusting to life in Australia. Yumi supports adults (25–45) dealing with childhood trauma, poor boundaries, people-pleasing, anxiety, perfectionism, and relationship stress. Her clients often feel stuck between cultural expectations and personal needs. Yumi offers a warm, client-centred space to heal and grow.
Yumi is a compassionate and culturally attuned mental health counsellor with a background in Psychology and Counselling. With lived experience in Japan, Indonesia, and Australia, she understands the unique challenges faced by individuals adjusting to life in Australia. Yumi supports adults (25–45) dealing with childhood trauma, poor boundaries, people-pleasing, anxiety, perfectionism, and relationship stress. Her clients often feel stuck between cultural expectations and personal needs. Yumi offers a warm, client-centred space to heal and grow.
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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Warradale, SA

< 10

Counsellors in Warradale, SA who prioritize treating:

80% Depression
80% Anxiety
80% Other
80% Coping Skills
80% Self Esteem
80% Stress
60% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Police Health
67% Other
67% Bupa

How Counsellors in Warradale, SA see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Warradale?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.