Psychologists and Therapists in Parkside, SA

Photo of Rebekah Ireland, Psychotherapist, MA, ANZAP Graduate
Rebekah Ireland
Psychotherapist, MA, ANZAP Graduate
1 Endorsed
Parkside, SA 5063
I have over 20 years of experience in mental health, I’ve supported people through a wide range of challenges, including complex trauma, difficulties in relationships, anxiety, depression, identity struggles, and suicidal thoughts. I worked in acute mental health teams, and community-based mental health services. I offer psychotherapy that helps people explore their inner experiences and the patterns in their relationships that may be causing distress or keeping them stuck. I am eligible to provide Medicare rebates under a valid Mental Health Treatment Plan.
I have over 20 years of experience in mental health, I’ve supported people through a wide range of challenges, including complex trauma, difficulties in relationships, anxiety, depression, identity struggles, and suicidal thoughts. I worked in acute mental health teams, and community-based mental health services. I offer psychotherapy that helps people explore their inner experiences and the patterns in their relationships that may be causing distress or keeping them stuck. I am eligible to provide Medicare rebates under a valid Mental Health Treatment Plan.
(08) 7008 9170 View (08) 7008 9170
Photo of Bradley King, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Bradley King
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Parkside, SA 5063
People come to see me because they feel stuck in their lives. They might feel disconnected socially, like they lack true meaning in their life, unfulfilled in work or struggling with their romantic relationships. Often they come because they feel they are not good enough in some fundamental way. These are universal issues we all face and therapy is a brave step towards bringing compassionate healing to the subtle conscious and unconscious parts of self that create the patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour that keep us stuck in seemingly never ending cycles.
People come to see me because they feel stuck in their lives. They might feel disconnected socially, like they lack true meaning in their life, unfulfilled in work or struggling with their romantic relationships. Often they come because they feel they are not good enough in some fundamental way. These are universal issues we all face and therapy is a brave step towards bringing compassionate healing to the subtle conscious and unconscious parts of self that create the patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour that keep us stuck in seemingly never ending cycles.
(02) 9100 0089 View (02) 9100 0089
Photo of Lijuan Chen - Snow Chen - Sunflower Mental Health and Wellbeing, Social Worker, MSc, AMHSW
Are anxiety, depression, or recurring relationship, behavioural patterns keeping you stuck? These struggles often stem from early relational wounds and complex trauma, shaping people-pleasing, self-criticism, perfectionism, or emotional disconnection. I specialise in culturally adaptive Schema Therapy, integrating EMDR and trauma & attachment informed, relational work to support lasting change. l attend to patterns as they unfold in therapy. I also offer supervision, helping therapists refine advanced attunement, subtle skills, navigate impasses, work skilfully with transference, and deepen professional and personal development.
Are anxiety, depression, or recurring relationship, behavioural patterns keeping you stuck? These struggles often stem from early relational wounds and complex trauma, shaping people-pleasing, self-criticism, perfectionism, or emotional disconnection. I specialise in culturally adaptive Schema Therapy, integrating EMDR and trauma & attachment informed, relational work to support lasting change. l attend to patterns as they unfold in therapy. I also offer supervision, helping therapists refine advanced attunement, subtle skills, navigate impasses, work skilfully with transference, and deepen professional and personal development.
(08) 7008 7831 View (08) 7008 7831
Photo of Leah Frost - Practical Insights Psychology (Leah Frost), Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Practical Insights Psychology (Leah Frost)
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Parkside, SA 5063
Accepting new referrals - We provide practical psychological support for adults experiencing a range of life’s challenges using a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches such as Cognitive-behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance-Commitment Therapy (ACT), Solutions-focused Behavioural Therapy (SFBT), Strengths-Based Therapy (SBT). With a focus on anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, sleep issues, emotional regulation, and career/life changes, we will work with you to foster practical, meaningful and lasting change.
Accepting new referrals - We provide practical psychological support for adults experiencing a range of life’s challenges using a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches such as Cognitive-behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance-Commitment Therapy (ACT), Solutions-focused Behavioural Therapy (SFBT), Strengths-Based Therapy (SBT). With a focus on anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, sleep issues, emotional regulation, and career/life changes, we will work with you to foster practical, meaningful and lasting change.
(08) 7078 7653 View (08) 7078 7653
Photo of Amanda Zimmermann, Psychologist, MAPS
Amanda Zimmermann
Psychologist, MAPS
Online Only
Sometimes life doesn't always go as planned. Even when you are doing your best in a difficult situation you can feel overwhelmed, exhausted, tired and fed up from your battle. Maybe you or a loved one has a diagnosis of a mental health condition and you don't know how to help yourself or your loved ones. I may be able to help you overcome your obstacles and problems with evidence based therapies that are tailored to your particular problems and circumstances. Sometimes just talking to someone about your problems and feelings is all you need. I can help with that too.
Sometimes life doesn't always go as planned. Even when you are doing your best in a difficult situation you can feel overwhelmed, exhausted, tired and fed up from your battle. Maybe you or a loved one has a diagnosis of a mental health condition and you don't know how to help yourself or your loved ones. I may be able to help you overcome your obstacles and problems with evidence based therapies that are tailored to your particular problems and circumstances. Sometimes just talking to someone about your problems and feelings is all you need. I can help with that too.
(08) 7008 7076 View (08) 7008 7076
Photo of Richard Browne, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Richard Browne
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with men on a variety of issues that affect their day to day lives. In person in Adelaide or online to fit your needs. Life is complicated. Let's talk.
I work with men on a variety of issues that affect their day to day lives. In person in Adelaide or online to fit your needs. Life is complicated. Let's talk.
0421 759 651 View 0421 759 651
Photo of Branka Radovanovic - Project Mindset, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Project Mindset
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Project Mindset is a boutique psychology practice in Melbourne St, North Adelaide, led by Principal Psychologist Branka. We specialise in neurodiversity, disability, forensic disability, and psychological and neuropsychological assessments. Our team offers evidence-based therapy and assessments with a strengths-based, person-centred approach. We’re experienced NDIS providers and passionate about supporting clients with complex needs.
Project Mindset is a boutique psychology practice in Melbourne St, North Adelaide, led by Principal Psychologist Branka. We specialise in neurodiversity, disability, forensic disability, and psychological and neuropsychological assessments. Our team offers evidence-based therapy and assessments with a strengths-based, person-centred approach. We’re experienced NDIS providers and passionate about supporting clients with complex needs.
(08) 7008 7906 View (08) 7008 7906
Photo of Kylie Dickers, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Kylie Dickers
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Kylie has experience working with first responders, veterans and, people experiencing family violence. She has also previously worked in a private psychiatric hospital developing and delivering group therapy programs to adults with a wide range of clinical needs. Areas of psychological counselling expertise and experience include grief and loss, stress, work-related problems, Depression, Anxiety, self-esteem issues, sleep difficulties, anger management, trauma, deliberate self-harm and suicidality as well as providing counselling and support to individuals experiencing, at risk of, or recovering from domestic or family violence.
Kylie has experience working with first responders, veterans and, people experiencing family violence. She has also previously worked in a private psychiatric hospital developing and delivering group therapy programs to adults with a wide range of clinical needs. Areas of psychological counselling expertise and experience include grief and loss, stress, work-related problems, Depression, Anxiety, self-esteem issues, sleep difficulties, anger management, trauma, deliberate self-harm and suicidality as well as providing counselling and support to individuals experiencing, at risk of, or recovering from domestic or family violence.
(03) 8657 4165 View (03) 8657 4165
Photo of Anne Black, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Anne Black
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Online Only
I have a friendly, empathic and wholistic approach and embrace clients strengths. Focusing together on overcoming life challenges that may have come your way, we also consider building a lifestyle that is satisfying and fulfilling.
I have a friendly, empathic and wholistic approach and embrace clients strengths. Focusing together on overcoming life challenges that may have come your way, we also consider building a lifestyle that is satisfying and fulfilling.
(08) 7444 4658 View (08) 7444 4658
Photo of Alexandra Frost - Attuned Psychology - North Adelaide and Glenelg, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Attuned Psychology - North Adelaide and Glenelg
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Welcome to Attuned Psychology, North Adelaide & Glenelg. We are an outcome-focussed established practice offering psychological and therapeutic services for people of all ages and backgrounds, with appointments available during business and after hours both face-to-face and via Telehealth. Our dedicated team of psychologists will provide you with an objective sounding board to help you find solutions, increase wellbeing, improve relationships, and achieve the life you truly want. Attuned to your needs, our skilled psychologists and therapists will blend a range of proven therapeutic approaches to best suit your individual goals.
Welcome to Attuned Psychology, North Adelaide & Glenelg. We are an outcome-focussed established practice offering psychological and therapeutic services for people of all ages and backgrounds, with appointments available during business and after hours both face-to-face and via Telehealth. Our dedicated team of psychologists will provide you with an objective sounding board to help you find solutions, increase wellbeing, improve relationships, and achieve the life you truly want. Attuned to your needs, our skilled psychologists and therapists will blend a range of proven therapeutic approaches to best suit your individual goals.
(08) 7008 7948 View (08) 7008 7948
Photo of Dr Carol Snellgrove, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Carol Snellgrove
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming—whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, relationship difficulties, chronic pain, work stress, burnout, or a major life change. You may feel stuck, exhausted, uncertain, or disconnected from the life you want to be living. My aim is to provide a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental space where you feel genuinely heard and understood. Together, we can explore the challenges you're facing, gain insight into patterns that may be holding you back, and develop practical strategies to help you move forward with greater confidence and wellbeing.
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming—whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, relationship difficulties, chronic pain, work stress, burnout, or a major life change. You may feel stuck, exhausted, uncertain, or disconnected from the life you want to be living. My aim is to provide a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental space where you feel genuinely heard and understood. Together, we can explore the challenges you're facing, gain insight into patterns that may be holding you back, and develop practical strategies to help you move forward with greater confidence and wellbeing.
(08) 7008 7721 View (08) 7008 7721
Photo of Janet O’Sullivan - Metta Counselling & Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Metta Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Serves Area
At Metta Counselling + Psychotherapy we strive to support your journey by increasing understanding and self-awareness. We gradually call on your instincts, wisdom and knowledge to lean into and navigate life's hurdles. I am an intergrated psychotherapist and lean on somatic, psychoanalytic and trauma informed practices. I also offer clinical supervision.
At Metta Counselling + Psychotherapy we strive to support your journey by increasing understanding and self-awareness. We gradually call on your instincts, wisdom and knowledge to lean into and navigate life's hurdles. I am an intergrated psychotherapist and lean on somatic, psychoanalytic and trauma informed practices. I also offer clinical supervision.
(08) 7008 7025 View (08) 7008 7025
Photo of Marina Bills, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Marina Bills
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Marina is a warm and compassionate Psychologist who has worked in public and community health settings as well as in the private sector for the past 10 years. Marina has wide experience working with adolescents and adults and is passionate about helping people with mood, worry and distress problems, stemming from the past or more recent experiences. Marina focuses on building a therapeutic relationship based on empathy, curiosity, openness, kindness and respect to help understand her client’s needs and work towards their goals. Marina believes in recognising individual’s strengths to help overcome challenges and bring about change
Marina is a warm and compassionate Psychologist who has worked in public and community health settings as well as in the private sector for the past 10 years. Marina has wide experience working with adolescents and adults and is passionate about helping people with mood, worry and distress problems, stemming from the past or more recent experiences. Marina focuses on building a therapeutic relationship based on empathy, curiosity, openness, kindness and respect to help understand her client’s needs and work towards their goals. Marina believes in recognising individual’s strengths to help overcome challenges and bring about change
(08) 7008 7209 View (08) 7008 7209

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Usha Sagar
Usha Sagar
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, I am Usha and I am dedicated to creating a compassionate and supportive space where you can explore your pain and begin your journey toward healing. With over 12 years of experience in trauma recovery and a diverse background in counseling and psychology, I tailor my approach to meet your unique needs. My goal is to empower you, rebuild your inner strength, and help you regain control over your life. You don’t have to face this alone—together, we will work towards a future filled with hope and resilience.
Hi, I am Usha and I am dedicated to creating a compassionate and supportive space where you can explore your pain and begin your journey toward healing. With over 12 years of experience in trauma recovery and a diverse background in counseling and psychology, I tailor my approach to meet your unique needs. My goal is to empower you, rebuild your inner strength, and help you regain control over your life. You don’t have to face this alone—together, we will work towards a future filled with hope and resilience.
(02) 4210 5271 View (02) 4210 5271
Photo of Aislinn Mikulic, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Aislinn Mikulic
Counsellor, ACA-L1
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or unmotivated? Counselling to help you, help you. Maybe you want to explore your experiences, gain insights, or develop practical strategies to navigate life's challenges. You are in the right place. Counselling offered for struggles or goals, big or small, including for anxiety, ADHD (child or adult), autism, bullying, change, depression or low mood, drug and alcohol use, emotional regulation, family and relationship conflict, impulse control, loneliness, mental health, motivation, procrastination, suicidality, and more.
Feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or unmotivated? Counselling to help you, help you. Maybe you want to explore your experiences, gain insights, or develop practical strategies to navigate life's challenges. You are in the right place. Counselling offered for struggles or goals, big or small, including for anxiety, ADHD (child or adult), autism, bullying, change, depression or low mood, drug and alcohol use, emotional regulation, family and relationship conflict, impulse control, loneliness, mental health, motivation, procrastination, suicidality, and more.
0480 097 494 View 0480 097 494
Photo of Tara Scott, Social Worker, AASW
Tara Scott
Social Worker, AASW
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I’m Tara! I am an Accredited Social Worker and Sex Therapist based in Magandjin/Brisbane and a proudly queer, non-binary, Autistic ADHD’er. I am authentically and unashamedly myself: silly, curious, kind, funny and warm.
Hi, I’m Tara! I am an Accredited Social Worker and Sex Therapist based in Magandjin/Brisbane and a proudly queer, non-binary, Autistic ADHD’er. I am authentically and unashamedly myself: silly, curious, kind, funny and warm.
(07) 2100 4155 View (07) 2100 4155
Photo of Bronwyn Bickle, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Bronwyn Bickle
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Mount Barker, SA 5251
Hi, I'm Bronwyn and I specialize in ethical non-monogamy (ENM), chronic illness, and neurodivergence – I also hold safe, affirming space for LGBTQIA+, kink, and BDSM communities. My passion for helping clients live their most authentic lives lead me to author the book; The Beginner’s Guide to Ethical Non-Monogamy. Most importantly, I’m someone who listens without judgment and holds space for my clients to feel seen, heard and understood. Whether you're navigating relationships, unpacking jealousy, learning how to set boundaries or trying to figure out what you want in life; I'm here to support you.
Hi, I'm Bronwyn and I specialize in ethical non-monogamy (ENM), chronic illness, and neurodivergence – I also hold safe, affirming space for LGBTQIA+, kink, and BDSM communities. My passion for helping clients live their most authentic lives lead me to author the book; The Beginner’s Guide to Ethical Non-Monogamy. Most importantly, I’m someone who listens without judgment and holds space for my clients to feel seen, heard and understood. Whether you're navigating relationships, unpacking jealousy, learning how to set boundaries or trying to figure out what you want in life; I'm here to support you.
(08) 7523 4519 View (08) 7523 4519
Photo of Jasmine Renee Lieben-Hornby - Kind Mind Wellness, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Kind Mind Wellness
Counsellor, ACA-L1
1 Endorsed
Norwood, SA 5067
My ideal client is looking for a holistic approach to modern-day therapy. They are want to deepen their connection between body, mind and emotions. They are looking to create awareness around the parts of themselves that need to be re-integrated to create a more centred self. They are looking for the tools to feel empowered to continue regulating even after they leave our therapy session. They are looking for a non-judgemental space to explore your inner and outer landscapes.
My ideal client is looking for a holistic approach to modern-day therapy. They are want to deepen their connection between body, mind and emotions. They are looking to create awareness around the parts of themselves that need to be re-integrated to create a more centred self. They are looking for the tools to feel empowered to continue regulating even after they leave our therapy session. They are looking for a non-judgemental space to explore your inner and outer landscapes.
(08) 7078 7538 View (08) 7078 7538
Photo of Sarah Atkinson - Narrative Connections - Sarah Atkinson Counselling, Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
I am drawn to counselling because I value listening deeply to people’s stories and supporting them to navigate life’s challenges with dignity and hope. I believe people are the experts in their own lives, and my role is to offer a collaborative space for reflection and change. My practice is informed by narrative therapy, trauma-informed care, and gentle somatic awareness. I support people to separate themselves from problems, reconnect with their strengths and values, and move toward preferred ways of living.
I am drawn to counselling because I value listening deeply to people’s stories and supporting them to navigate life’s challenges with dignity and hope. I believe people are the experts in their own lives, and my role is to offer a collaborative space for reflection and change. My practice is informed by narrative therapy, trauma-informed care, and gentle somatic awareness. I support people to separate themselves from problems, reconnect with their strengths and values, and move toward preferred ways of living.
(08) 7110 0294 View (08) 7110 0294
Photo of Coralie Ponsinet, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Coralie Ponsinet
Counsellor, ACA-L1
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am an authentic and bubbly French-Australian human who made the decision to become a counsellor after my own lived experiences of mental and physical health struggles. Born in rural France, where none ever talked about mental health, I began my adult life as a high-achieving corporate professional who believed the only approach to life’s problems was to “get on with it” and just find a way to keep going. Until I realised this didn’t actually work effectively or wholeheartedly and discovered that mental health is a real, normal, valid part of being a human. I now walk the talk and value my physical, mental, emotional health.
I am an authentic and bubbly French-Australian human who made the decision to become a counsellor after my own lived experiences of mental and physical health struggles. Born in rural France, where none ever talked about mental health, I began my adult life as a high-achieving corporate professional who believed the only approach to life’s problems was to “get on with it” and just find a way to keep going. Until I realised this didn’t actually work effectively or wholeheartedly and discovered that mental health is a real, normal, valid part of being a human. I now walk the talk and value my physical, mental, emotional health.
(03) 7003 2464 View (03) 7003 2464

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Psychologists and Therapists in Parkside, SA

10+

Average cost per session

$228

Psychologists and Therapists in Parkside, SA who prioritize treating:

92% Depression
92% Anxiety
77% Relationship Issues
77% Trauma and PTSD
69% Self Esteem
54% Anger Management
54% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Medicare Rebates
67% Bupa
67% Teachers Health

How Psychologists and Therapists in Parkside, SA see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Parkside?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.