Depression Counselling in Metropolitan Adelaide, SA

Photo of Redah Shafiq, Counsellor, PACFA
Redah Shafiq
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a dedicated psychotherapist passionate about fostering transformative change through evidence-based practices. Specializing in compassion-focused cognitive behavior therapy (CF-CBT), I create a nurturing therapeutic environment where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors with gentleness and curiosity.
I am a dedicated psychotherapist passionate about fostering transformative change through evidence-based practices. Specializing in compassion-focused cognitive behavior therapy (CF-CBT), I create a nurturing therapeutic environment where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors with gentleness and curiosity.
(08) 7078 8004 View (08) 7078 8004
Photo of Dr Tick Zweck, Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Dr Tick Zweck
Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Adelaide, SA 5000
If you're considering therapy you're likely entertaining the possibility of change! Many clients have a sense of feeling 'stuck' - that what they've been doing isn't sustainable - old coping/survival strategies aren't workable and use up valuable energy, e.g.. avoidance of/distracting from/suppressing/whiteknuckling/ruminating on: thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations, urges, images, memories. These maintain negative cycles, keep our emotional brain vigilant to 'threat' and our nervous system mobilised in a stress response. What if we could imagine a future we'd like to participate in, regardless of what's showing up in the present?
If you're considering therapy you're likely entertaining the possibility of change! Many clients have a sense of feeling 'stuck' - that what they've been doing isn't sustainable - old coping/survival strategies aren't workable and use up valuable energy, e.g.. avoidance of/distracting from/suppressing/whiteknuckling/ruminating on: thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations, urges, images, memories. These maintain negative cycles, keep our emotional brain vigilant to 'threat' and our nervous system mobilised in a stress response. What if we could imagine a future we'd like to participate in, regardless of what's showing up in the present?
(08) 7008 9270 View (08) 7008 9270
Photo of Tracy Boomer - Tracy Boomer Counselling, Counsellor, PACFA
Tracy Boomer Counselling
Counsellor, PACFA
Glenelg, SA 5045
We all experience times in our life when things just don’t seem to be going our way or we can’t see a way forward. You may be feeling overwhelmed, unmotivated or experiencing feelings of anxiety or low moods. It could be relationship issues, time for a lifestyle change or that “I just can’t quite put my finger on it” feeling. That’s where I come in. I want to provide you with a safe space to share your story, find clarity and insight, and start moving forward. I am a PACFA Clinically registered Counsellor and I have a passion for people and promoting a healthy mind and body.
We all experience times in our life when things just don’t seem to be going our way or we can’t see a way forward. You may be feeling overwhelmed, unmotivated or experiencing feelings of anxiety or low moods. It could be relationship issues, time for a lifestyle change or that “I just can’t quite put my finger on it” feeling. That’s where I come in. I want to provide you with a safe space to share your story, find clarity and insight, and start moving forward. I am a PACFA Clinically registered Counsellor and I have a passion for people and promoting a healthy mind and body.
(08) 7008 9796 View (08) 7008 9796
Photo of Bronte Galek - Anahata counselling, Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Anahata counselling
Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Online Only
I can support you with a range of issues such as Addiction/ substance dependence of yourself or loved one, Anger, Anxiety, Cultural issues, Depression, Expat related concerns, Family/parenting, Grief and loss, Life transitions, Low self-esteem, Mental health concerns, Relational stressors, Stress and Trauma.
I am an experienced psychotherapist and counsellor specialising in addiction and trauma. With a strong person-centered and holistic approach, I combine various therapeutic techniques to encourage one’s healing and understanding of self. I aim to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore all facets of themselves, supporting them to find peace and stability amidst life’s challenges. I can work with you on a range of life's issues and I am deeply committed to creating safety and care within the therapeutic relationship. There is no need to struggle alone.
I can support you with a range of issues such as Addiction/ substance dependence of yourself or loved one, Anger, Anxiety, Cultural issues, Depression, Expat related concerns, Family/parenting, Grief and loss, Life transitions, Low self-esteem, Mental health concerns, Relational stressors, Stress and Trauma.
I am an experienced psychotherapist and counsellor specialising in addiction and trauma. With a strong person-centered and holistic approach, I combine various therapeutic techniques to encourage one’s healing and understanding of self. I aim to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore all facets of themselves, supporting them to find peace and stability amidst life’s challenges. I can work with you on a range of life's issues and I am deeply committed to creating safety and care within the therapeutic relationship. There is no need to struggle alone.
(08) 7078 8233 View (08) 7078 8233
Photo of Amanda Zimmermann, Psychologist, MAPS
Amanda Zimmermann
Psychologist, MAPS
Parkside, SA 5063
I have significant experience working with trauma, complex PTSD, anxiety, depression, phobias and much more using EMDR, and CBT plus other therapies that I integrate according to need including hypnosis for weight loss or quitting smoking.
Sometimes life doesn't always go as planned. Even when you are doing your best in a difficult situation you can feel overwhelmed, exhausted, tired and fed up from your battle. Maybe you or a loved one has a diagnosis of a mental health condition and you don't know how to help yourself or your loved ones. I may be able to help you overcome your obstacles and problems with evidence based therapies that are tailored to your particular problems and circumstances. Sometimes just talking to someone about your problems and feelings is all you need. I can help with that too.
I have significant experience working with trauma, complex PTSD, anxiety, depression, phobias and much more using EMDR, and CBT plus other therapies that I integrate according to need including hypnosis for weight loss or quitting smoking.
Sometimes life doesn't always go as planned. Even when you are doing your best in a difficult situation you can feel overwhelmed, exhausted, tired and fed up from your battle. Maybe you or a loved one has a diagnosis of a mental health condition and you don't know how to help yourself or your loved ones. I may be able to help you overcome your obstacles and problems with evidence based therapies that are tailored to your particular problems and circumstances. Sometimes just talking to someone about your problems and feelings is all you need. I can help with that too.
(08) 7008 7076 View (08) 7008 7076
Photo of Kelly Hann, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Kelly Hann
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Adelaide, SA 5000
As someone who has recovered from depression in the past, this is an area of special interest for me.
My greatest passion is in helping others to find peace, fulfilment and meaning. ​My approach is person-centred, non-judgmental and collaborative. I am a trained and qualified Counsellor and Psychotherapist. My therapeutic approach is one which integrates elements of several modalities including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Narrative Therapy and Mindfulness.
As someone who has recovered from depression in the past, this is an area of special interest for me.
My greatest passion is in helping others to find peace, fulfilment and meaning. ​My approach is person-centred, non-judgmental and collaborative. I am a trained and qualified Counsellor and Psychotherapist. My therapeutic approach is one which integrates elements of several modalities including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Narrative Therapy and Mindfulness.
(08) 7081 9361 View (08) 7081 9361
Photo of Maria Di Lorenzo, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Maria Di Lorenzo
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Semaphore, SA 5019
What fuels my passion is the belief that every person has the potential for change and resilience, even in the face of adversity. My work is informed by an in-depth understanding of human behaviour grounded in cognitive and affective neuroscience, trauma-informed care, and other therapeutic modalities. I am dedicated to creating an environment where clients feel genuinely heard, supported, and empowered to take the necessary steps to improve their mental, emotional and overall health and well-being.
What fuels my passion is the belief that every person has the potential for change and resilience, even in the face of adversity. My work is informed by an in-depth understanding of human behaviour grounded in cognitive and affective neuroscience, trauma-informed care, and other therapeutic modalities. I am dedicated to creating an environment where clients feel genuinely heard, supported, and empowered to take the necessary steps to improve their mental, emotional and overall health and well-being.
(08) 7008 7041 View (08) 7008 7041
Photo of Michael Brown - Omnetherapy, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Omnetherapy
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Online Only
Traditional therapy isn't for everyone. Omnetherapy is the first clinic to introduce Active Therapy. Active Therapy is a type of psychotherapy created to occupy the mind while the therapist accesses the deeper mind. We focus on those who have low moods, struggle with confidence, fears and phobias and mental health barriers.
Traditional therapy isn't for everyone. Omnetherapy is the first clinic to introduce Active Therapy. Active Therapy is a type of psychotherapy created to occupy the mind while the therapist accesses the deeper mind. We focus on those who have low moods, struggle with confidence, fears and phobias and mental health barriers.
(08) 7184 0133 View (08) 7184 0133
Photo of Matthew Kay - Okay Counselling , Social Worker, AMHSW
Okay Counselling
Social Worker, AMHSW
Brighton, SA 5048
As our lives become busier and often, more isolated, it’s no surprise that the need for communicating is more important than ever. We’re faced with challenges everyday, from work stress to family relationships, and its beneficial that you are able to find time to process and talk through these issues properly. Our counsellors are trained to help you through these problems, determine the cause and offer guidance to keep you on the path to healing. If you are struggling with addiction, coping with loss, heavy decisions or simply need to clear your mind, the team at Okay Counselling are here to listen.
As our lives become busier and often, more isolated, it’s no surprise that the need for communicating is more important than ever. We’re faced with challenges everyday, from work stress to family relationships, and its beneficial that you are able to find time to process and talk through these issues properly. Our counsellors are trained to help you through these problems, determine the cause and offer guidance to keep you on the path to healing. If you are struggling with addiction, coping with loss, heavy decisions or simply need to clear your mind, the team at Okay Counselling are here to listen.
(08) 7100 9129 x61 View (08) 7100 9129 x61
Photo of Rebecca Najar, Psychologist, PsyBA - Ed. Psych.
Rebecca Najar
Psychologist, PsyBA - Ed. Psych.
Adelaide, SA 5000
I have particular experience supporting clients with; Borderline Personality, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, assertiveness training, trauma, domestic violence, work-related difficulties, interpersonal difficulties, sleep problems and emotional dysregulation.
I pride myself on creating a safe therapeutic space for people to be heard and understood. I emphasise client-driven goals. I use evidenced-based treatment such as; Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, DBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT).
I have particular experience supporting clients with; Borderline Personality, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, assertiveness training, trauma, domestic violence, work-related difficulties, interpersonal difficulties, sleep problems and emotional dysregulation.
I pride myself on creating a safe therapeutic space for people to be heard and understood. I emphasise client-driven goals. I use evidenced-based treatment such as; Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, DBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT).
(03) 5907 5935 View (03) 5907 5935
Photo of Monica Hill - Kensington Psychology & Well-Being, Psychologist, MA, MAPS
Kensington Psychology & Well-Being
Psychologist, MA, MAPS
Kensington Park, SA 5068
Kensington Psychology and Well-Being is a warm, professional private psychology practice dedicated to offering you quality mental health services. We prioritise holistic, compassionate treatment, and work with each client to tailor care to their own unique goals and needs. Our practitioners are highly experienced and offer evidence-based care in a range of therapeutic approaches and modalities. Depending on your practitioner, a gap of between $130.95 - $150.35 will apply if you have a GP referral and a Mental Health Care Plan.
Kensington Psychology and Well-Being is a warm, professional private psychology practice dedicated to offering you quality mental health services. We prioritise holistic, compassionate treatment, and work with each client to tailor care to their own unique goals and needs. Our practitioners are highly experienced and offer evidence-based care in a range of therapeutic approaches and modalities. Depending on your practitioner, a gap of between $130.95 - $150.35 will apply if you have a GP referral and a Mental Health Care Plan.
(08) 7008 7088 View (08) 7008 7088
Photo of Daniel Haebich, Social Worker, AMHSW
Daniel Haebich
Social Worker, AMHSW
1 Endorsed
Glenelg, SA 5045
I am counsellor and psychotherapist working with adolescents and adults experiencing low self esteem, difficulties in their relationships, experiencing anxiety, depression, and work difficulties.
I have over 20 years of clinical experience, I provide a respectful environment where you can be helped to explore and understand your emotional world and relationships with others. Deeper self understanding provides people with greater agency and choice when managing difficult emotions and developing more fulfilling relationships with others.
I am counsellor and psychotherapist working with adolescents and adults experiencing low self esteem, difficulties in their relationships, experiencing anxiety, depression, and work difficulties.
I have over 20 years of clinical experience, I provide a respectful environment where you can be helped to explore and understand your emotional world and relationships with others. Deeper self understanding provides people with greater agency and choice when managing difficult emotions and developing more fulfilling relationships with others.
(08) 7008 7789 View (08) 7008 7789
Photo of Jane Dodding, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Jane Dodding
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Online Only
I have extensive experience working with adults who are often struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, and/or interpersonal relationships.
Essentially people only see me when things aren’t working. I like to work from a practical perspective, providing ideas and strategies to do things differently and we review the outcome. We continue to explore additional techniques to equip you with many tools. I tailor treatment to your needs and wants and often use CBT, ACT, and interpersonal therapy.
I have extensive experience working with adults who are often struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, and/or interpersonal relationships.
Essentially people only see me when things aren’t working. I like to work from a practical perspective, providing ideas and strategies to do things differently and we review the outcome. We continue to explore additional techniques to equip you with many tools. I tailor treatment to your needs and wants and often use CBT, ACT, and interpersonal therapy.
(08) 7008 7171 View (08) 7008 7171
Photo of Lachlan McLaren, Psychologist, MPsych
Lachlan McLaren
Psychologist, MPsych
Beulah Park, SA 5067
My particular interests include supporting people who are: Experiencing depression, anxiety, or anger; Looking for healthier ways to cope with and express emotions; Recovering from trauma or significant life stressors (e.g., separation); Facing challenges with addictive behaviours.
I primarily use a trauma-informed Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) framework. My approach is integrative and tailored, drawing on elements of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), and Schema Therapy to best support each individual. I do not provide couples counselling or medico-legal reports.
My particular interests include supporting people who are: Experiencing depression, anxiety, or anger; Looking for healthier ways to cope with and express emotions; Recovering from trauma or significant life stressors (e.g., separation); Facing challenges with addictive behaviours.
I primarily use a trauma-informed Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) framework. My approach is integrative and tailored, drawing on elements of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), and Schema Therapy to best support each individual. I do not provide couples counselling or medico-legal reports.
(08) 7008 9183 View (08) 7008 9183
Photo of Cathleen Zhang - Cathleen | the kind space: Therapy & Counselling, Social Worker, AMHSW
Some areas I specialise in are: Interpersonal and attachment concerns; trauma and other complex trauma; anxiety; depression; personality disorders; and grief and loss.
Hello! I'm Cathleen - founder of the kind space: Therapy & Counselling. I work in a gentle, person-centred way to support your mental health and wellbeing. My aim is to provide a safe space where you feel heard and empowered, helping you navigate challenges and create meaningful change in your life. I believe you are the expert in your own experience, and together, we’ll work towards goals that are meaningful for you. I strongly believe in the importance of the client-therapist relationship, built on trust and a warm environment, where you can feel safe to share and grow.
Some areas I specialise in are: Interpersonal and attachment concerns; trauma and other complex trauma; anxiety; depression; personality disorders; and grief and loss.
Hello! I'm Cathleen - founder of the kind space: Therapy & Counselling. I work in a gentle, person-centred way to support your mental health and wellbeing. My aim is to provide a safe space where you feel heard and empowered, helping you navigate challenges and create meaningful change in your life. I believe you are the expert in your own experience, and together, we’ll work towards goals that are meaningful for you. I strongly believe in the importance of the client-therapist relationship, built on trust and a warm environment, where you can feel safe to share and grow.
(08) 7079 5647 View (08) 7079 5647
Photo of Sharyn Marie Duckworth, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Sharyn Marie Duckworth
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Greenacres, SA 5086
I have always had a sincere and passionate heart for people's inner wellbeing, and as a result have been actively involved in a community support role for many years. Therefore my counselling is a professional fulfillment, birthed out of my love for people. My main passion is coming alongside them and assisting them in navigating their journey of life, which at times can be difficult and challenging. It is my hope that those I counsel will experience self empowerment and flourish in their way forward.
I have always had a sincere and passionate heart for people's inner wellbeing, and as a result have been actively involved in a community support role for many years. Therefore my counselling is a professional fulfillment, birthed out of my love for people. My main passion is coming alongside them and assisting them in navigating their journey of life, which at times can be difficult and challenging. It is my hope that those I counsel will experience self empowerment and flourish in their way forward.
(08) 7008 7745 View (08) 7008 7745
Photo of Dr Reza Nejad, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Reza Nejad
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Adelaide, SA 5000
My ideal client is someone experiencing trauma, anxiety, depression, OCD, eating disorders, insomnia, grief and loss, health anxiety, or relationship difficulties.
I offer evidence-based, compassionate therapy tailored to each client’s needs. With experience in trauma, anxiety, OCD, eating disorders, grief, insomnia, and relationship issues, I use CBT, ACT, DBT, prolonged exposure, and exposure and response prevention to help clients build coping skills, improve wellbeing, and move forward with confidence.
My ideal client is someone experiencing trauma, anxiety, depression, OCD, eating disorders, insomnia, grief and loss, health anxiety, or relationship difficulties.
I offer evidence-based, compassionate therapy tailored to each client’s needs. With experience in trauma, anxiety, OCD, eating disorders, grief, insomnia, and relationship issues, I use CBT, ACT, DBT, prolonged exposure, and exposure and response prevention to help clients build coping skills, improve wellbeing, and move forward with confidence.
(08) 8646 5602 View (08) 8646 5602
Photo of Homer Zeitz, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Homer Zeitz
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Seaton, SA 5023
Homer Zeitz is a registered psychologist who has been practicing since 1990. He has worked in a range of settings dealing with refugees, injured workers, survivors of motor vehicle accidents and youth work; in both private and non-government settings. He is currently a member of the Australian Psychological Society. Homer has worked with culturally diverse groups and come from a working-class background. This allows him to relate to a wide range of people and to understand both theirs differences and similarities. Homer guarantees to provide professional, efficient and confidential services. As his client, you will be treated w
Homer Zeitz is a registered psychologist who has been practicing since 1990. He has worked in a range of settings dealing with refugees, injured workers, survivors of motor vehicle accidents and youth work; in both private and non-government settings. He is currently a member of the Australian Psychological Society. Homer has worked with culturally diverse groups and come from a working-class background. This allows him to relate to a wide range of people and to understand both theirs differences and similarities. Homer guarantees to provide professional, efficient and confidential services. As his client, you will be treated w
(08) 7228 0219 View (08) 7228 0219
Photo of Dr George Karpetis, Psychotherapist, PhD, ANZAP
Dr George Karpetis
Psychotherapist, PhD, ANZAP
Daw Park, SA 5041
We specialise in the treatment of treatment-resistant Major Depression, treatment-resistant Anxiety and Panic Attacks, medically unexplained headaches or body pains, and treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Having completed training in the UK, Greece, and Australia, and with many years of experience as a university lecturer and therapist, our Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Practice delves deep into the root causes of mental disorders to ensure permanent relief from symptoms and lasting happiness. We are accepting referrals from GPs or self-referrals for in-person or telehealth sessions. Clients can get rebates through Medicare or private health insurance.
We specialise in the treatment of treatment-resistant Major Depression, treatment-resistant Anxiety and Panic Attacks, medically unexplained headaches or body pains, and treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Having completed training in the UK, Greece, and Australia, and with many years of experience as a university lecturer and therapist, our Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Practice delves deep into the root causes of mental disorders to ensure permanent relief from symptoms and lasting happiness. We are accepting referrals from GPs or self-referrals for in-person or telehealth sessions. Clients can get rebates through Medicare or private health insurance.
(08) 7078 7006 View (08) 7078 7006
Photo of Candida Virgo
Candida Virgo
Verified Verified
Pooraka, SA 5095
Living with ADHD can feel overwhelming, frustrating, and isolating, whether you were diagnosed as a child or just discovering it as an adult. I specialise in helping individuals with ADHD better understand how their brain works, develop personalised strategies for managing daily life, and build the confidence to thrive, not just survive. I also support people who have Borderline Personality Disorder, using Dialectical Behaviour Therapy. I offer a combination of therapy and coaching, grounded in evidence-based practices and tailored to your goals. My work is compassionate, collaborative, and nonjudgmental.
Living with ADHD can feel overwhelming, frustrating, and isolating, whether you were diagnosed as a child or just discovering it as an adult. I specialise in helping individuals with ADHD better understand how their brain works, develop personalised strategies for managing daily life, and build the confidence to thrive, not just survive. I also support people who have Borderline Personality Disorder, using Dialectical Behaviour Therapy. I offer a combination of therapy and coaching, grounded in evidence-based practices and tailored to your goals. My work is compassionate, collaborative, and nonjudgmental.
(08) 7008 9249 View (08) 7008 9249

See more therapy options for Metropolitan Adelaide

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognise and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioural activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.