Counselling in Spring Hill, QLD

Photo of Alan Headey, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Alan Headey
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
I have a special interest in helping people with psychological trauma (including PTSD/stress disorders), anxiety and depression, complex medical illnesses (e.g. type 1 diabetes) and issues related to spirituality or religion.
I have a special interest in helping people with psychological trauma (including PTSD/stress disorders), anxiety and depression, complex medical illnesses (e.g. type 1 diabetes) and issues related to spirituality or religion.
(07) 3132 0955 View (07) 3132 0955
Photo of Renee Louise Brown, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Renee Louise Brown
Psychologist, MPsych, Assoc MAPS
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! I’m Renee, and I am a clinical psychologist offering therapy to enhance your psychological wellness, and support you with any mental health difficulties. I aim to tailor my approach to therapy to suit your needs. Therapy provides a space to explore psychological wellbeing in a confidential, trauma-informed, and safe environment. Whether you are wishing to learn new skills to manage your psychological wellbeing, understand yourself better, gain treatment for a specific psychological disorder, or simply have a space to talk through difficulties, we will work out a collaborative plan for therapy to meet your needs.
Hi! I’m Renee, and I am a clinical psychologist offering therapy to enhance your psychological wellness, and support you with any mental health difficulties. I aim to tailor my approach to therapy to suit your needs. Therapy provides a space to explore psychological wellbeing in a confidential, trauma-informed, and safe environment. Whether you are wishing to learn new skills to manage your psychological wellbeing, understand yourself better, gain treatment for a specific psychological disorder, or simply have a space to talk through difficulties, we will work out a collaborative plan for therapy to meet your needs.
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Dayna Kate Donsky
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
Hello! I am a Clinical Psychologist with experience working with individuals across the lifespan.
Hello! I am a Clinical Psychologist with experience working with individuals across the lifespan.
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Photo of Aaron Ryan, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Aaron Ryan
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
Aaron is a warm, empathic and collaborative clinical psychologist who prioritises creating a safe space to explore and work with you through your difficulties. He understands that mental health requires more than the reduction of distress but also the development of feelings of emotional and mental wellbeing through an improved sense of self, a sense of belonging, meaningful relationships and purpose in life. Aaron has experience providing individual and group therapy in private practice and hospitals. He has helped people with anxiety, depression, trauma, personality disorders, life transitions & relationship difficulties.
Aaron is a warm, empathic and collaborative clinical psychologist who prioritises creating a safe space to explore and work with you through your difficulties. He understands that mental health requires more than the reduction of distress but also the development of feelings of emotional and mental wellbeing through an improved sense of self, a sense of belonging, meaningful relationships and purpose in life. Aaron has experience providing individual and group therapy in private practice and hospitals. He has helped people with anxiety, depression, trauma, personality disorders, life transitions & relationship difficulties.
(07) 3113 9006 View (07) 3113 9006
Photo of Dr Si Jing Tan, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Dr Si Jing Tan
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
SJ's approach is influenced by psychodynamic psychotherapy. From this framework, treatment is centred on illuminating the unconscious narratives that we all carry within ourselves, impressed upon us by our early experiences. We may find ourselves feeling stuck, indifferent, or overwhelmed, despite immense efforts to change, unaware of the repeating patterns within ourselves, and in our interactions with others. Through the exploration of the past and paying close attention to what arises in the present moment-to-moment interactions, we can come to embrace the entirety of our experience and transformation begins anew.
SJ's approach is influenced by psychodynamic psychotherapy. From this framework, treatment is centred on illuminating the unconscious narratives that we all carry within ourselves, impressed upon us by our early experiences. We may find ourselves feeling stuck, indifferent, or overwhelmed, despite immense efforts to change, unaware of the repeating patterns within ourselves, and in our interactions with others. Through the exploration of the past and paying close attention to what arises in the present moment-to-moment interactions, we can come to embrace the entirety of our experience and transformation begins anew.
(07) 3132 1122 View (07) 3132 1122
Photo of Melissa Ke, Counsellor in Spring Hill, QLD
Melissa Ke
Counsellor, MC, PACFA
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
I have helped many children and adults and families work through their difficulties and challenges using a non-judgmental, empathetic approach. Some issues I have assisted them with include: anxiety, depression, separation/divorce, and trauma. I am also a certified Circle of Security facilitator. I believe challenges in life can be overcome if we all have at least one person who believes in us. I will work with you at your pace, to help you achieve the breakthrough and success that you need to thrive again in life. Based in Brisbane, I am currently offering home visits, walk therapy and online services to all my clients.
I have helped many children and adults and families work through their difficulties and challenges using a non-judgmental, empathetic approach. Some issues I have assisted them with include: anxiety, depression, separation/divorce, and trauma. I am also a certified Circle of Security facilitator. I believe challenges in life can be overcome if we all have at least one person who believes in us. I will work with you at your pace, to help you achieve the breakthrough and success that you need to thrive again in life. Based in Brisbane, I am currently offering home visits, walk therapy and online services to all my clients.
(07) 3179 6911 View (07) 3179 6911
Photo of Bonnie Ingram Psychology, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Bonnie Ingram Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
Opening in Spring Hill from May 2023. Bonnie is a generally registered Psychologist with an interest in human attachment and relationships. She provides therapy to adults and couples in office and via telehealth. She works with a broad range of presentations including mood and anxiety disorders, complex trauma/PTSD, relationship problems (including non-monogamous / polyamorous relationships), LGBTQI+ needs, and workplace stress.
Opening in Spring Hill from May 2023. Bonnie is a generally registered Psychologist with an interest in human attachment and relationships. She provides therapy to adults and couples in office and via telehealth. She works with a broad range of presentations including mood and anxiety disorders, complex trauma/PTSD, relationship problems (including non-monogamous / polyamorous relationships), LGBTQI+ needs, and workplace stress.
(07) 3130 0031 View (07) 3130 0031
Photo of Carolyn Uhlmann, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Carolyn Uhlmann
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
Carolyn Uhlmann is a registered Psychologist based in Brisbane. Carolyn has worked in a range of community, hospital and private practice settings and currently works part-time with a multidisciplinary public diabetes and endocrine health service. Carolyn is passionate about her work and supporting people to adjust to changes in their health and life circumstances. In her part-time private practice Carolyn provides appointments in person, and via telehealth & phone at Brisbane Endocrine, 225 Wickham Tce, Spring Hill Qld. P 3051 0376 https://www.brisbaneendo.com.au/
Carolyn Uhlmann is a registered Psychologist based in Brisbane. Carolyn has worked in a range of community, hospital and private practice settings and currently works part-time with a multidisciplinary public diabetes and endocrine health service. Carolyn is passionate about her work and supporting people to adjust to changes in their health and life circumstances. In her part-time private practice Carolyn provides appointments in person, and via telehealth & phone at Brisbane Endocrine, 225 Wickham Tce, Spring Hill Qld. P 3051 0376 https://www.brisbaneendo.com.au/
(07) 4847 6792 View (07) 4847 6792
Photo of Brendan McMahon, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Brendan McMahon
Psychologist, MAPS
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
I am a psychologist and psychotherapist and I provide individual adult psychotherapy to persons over the age of 18. I assist people wanting change that is more focussed on deeper personal understanding rather than mere symptom relief. I help people to better understand themselves and develop more meaningful lives and thereby allow them to have more choices in life and break out of repetitive patterns that my be troubling and problematic. I aim to provide a safe space for you to feel heard and become yourself more fully. I also see people who do not have a diagnosis and are seeking personal growth.
I am a psychologist and psychotherapist and I provide individual adult psychotherapy to persons over the age of 18. I assist people wanting change that is more focussed on deeper personal understanding rather than mere symptom relief. I help people to better understand themselves and develop more meaningful lives and thereby allow them to have more choices in life and break out of repetitive patterns that my be troubling and problematic. I aim to provide a safe space for you to feel heard and become yourself more fully. I also see people who do not have a diagnosis and are seeking personal growth.
(07) 3184 4674 View (07) 3184 4674
Photo of Michelle Owens | Nautilus Psychology, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Michelle Owens | Nautilus Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
It doesn’t matter how hard you try, life just seems to be too hard. You’ve suspected for a long time that the damage of a difficult upbringing is getting in the way of happiness and peace. You’re ready to do something to heal yourself – I’m here to support you in a safe, warm and collaborative space.
It doesn’t matter how hard you try, life just seems to be too hard. You’ve suspected for a long time that the damage of a difficult upbringing is getting in the way of happiness and peace. You’re ready to do something to heal yourself – I’m here to support you in a safe, warm and collaborative space.
(07) 3179 6745 View (07) 3179 6745
Photo of Gladys Koh, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Gladys Koh
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
I am a registered psychologist who offers brief and long-term psychological therapy for adults and adolescents (16+), who not only wish to address specific mental health concerns, but also to deepen their self-understanding and make sense of their inner world. My areas of interest and experience include working with individuals experiencing a diverse range of difficulties (who may or may not have a clinical diagnosis), including low mood/depression, anxiety, difficulties with adjustment/life transitions, trauma-related difficulties, self-esteem issues, difficulties in relationships, and chronic dissatisfaction with their lives.
I am a registered psychologist who offers brief and long-term psychological therapy for adults and adolescents (16+), who not only wish to address specific mental health concerns, but also to deepen their self-understanding and make sense of their inner world. My areas of interest and experience include working with individuals experiencing a diverse range of difficulties (who may or may not have a clinical diagnosis), including low mood/depression, anxiety, difficulties with adjustment/life transitions, trauma-related difficulties, self-esteem issues, difficulties in relationships, and chronic dissatisfaction with their lives.
(07) 3132 2942 View (07) 3132 2942
Photo of Lachlan Murray Psychology, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Lachlan Murray Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
I work with adult individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, grief and loss, or who are seeking to explore complicated life matters. People often seek my services in order to: understand themselves better; explore issues of the self (including self-acceptance and self-esteem); or stop feeling like they go out of their way to please everyone else.
I work with adult individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, grief and loss, or who are seeking to explore complicated life matters. People often seek my services in order to: understand themselves better; explore issues of the self (including self-acceptance and self-esteem); or stop feeling like they go out of their way to please everyone else.
(07) 3132 2898 View (07) 3132 2898
Photo of Michelle Engel, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Michelle Engel
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
Hi, I'm Michelle. I am a caring and compassionate psychologist dedicated to creating a calm and healing space for women (18 years+) where they can feel safe, heard and understood. I can help with depression and low mood, anxiety, stress and burnout, life transitions and changes, trauma and loss, relationship difficulties, perinatal mental health, self-esteem and confidence, and eating disorders. I am a holistic psychologist believing in the connection of mind and body. Without this connection we can feel out of balance, stuck or as if something is missing.
Hi, I'm Michelle. I am a caring and compassionate psychologist dedicated to creating a calm and healing space for women (18 years+) where they can feel safe, heard and understood. I can help with depression and low mood, anxiety, stress and burnout, life transitions and changes, trauma and loss, relationship difficulties, perinatal mental health, self-esteem and confidence, and eating disorders. I am a holistic psychologist believing in the connection of mind and body. Without this connection we can feel out of balance, stuck or as if something is missing.
(07) 3130 0513 View (07) 3130 0513
Photo of Adriana Cope Counselling & Consulting, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Spring Hill, QLD
Adriana Cope Counselling & Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
Hi I'm Adri, I have 25 years expertise in trauma recovery and mental health. Generally, the coping strategies that we lean into serve us in the short term, but over time they stop working for us. I can hold a safe therapeutic space for you in which we can make sense of your world, you can identify behaviours that are no longer serving you, and you can develop healthy, practical and effective coping strategies. As a relational therapist I seek to improve your relationship to self, others and the world; and will tailor my approach to your specific needs.
Hi I'm Adri, I have 25 years expertise in trauma recovery and mental health. Generally, the coping strategies that we lean into serve us in the short term, but over time they stop working for us. I can hold a safe therapeutic space for you in which we can make sense of your world, you can identify behaviours that are no longer serving you, and you can develop healthy, practical and effective coping strategies. As a relational therapist I seek to improve your relationship to self, others and the world; and will tailor my approach to your specific needs.
(07) 3113 9214 View (07) 3113 9214
Photo of Preston Mayo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Spring Hill, QLD
Preston Mayo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
How are things going for your children? You might have stumbled across something thats really worried you. Maybe they've pulled back into social media or video games. Perhaps they're having some eating issues. The GP may be saying they have anxiety or depression. If you're still reading, things are probably feeling pretty off between you, your kid(s) and other important people. These problems might have you wondering if you've stuffed up as a parent, or fearing the worst if things don't improve. It's painful because it really matters. I have helped hundreds of families, facing problems like these, get their lives back on track.
How are things going for your children? You might have stumbled across something thats really worried you. Maybe they've pulled back into social media or video games. Perhaps they're having some eating issues. The GP may be saying they have anxiety or depression. If you're still reading, things are probably feeling pretty off between you, your kid(s) and other important people. These problems might have you wondering if you've stuffed up as a parent, or fearing the worst if things don't improve. It's painful because it really matters. I have helped hundreds of families, facing problems like these, get their lives back on track.
(07) 3132 3835 View (07) 3132 3835
Photo of Chelsea Perks Brisbane Psychologist, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Chelsea Perks Brisbane Psychologist
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
At times we find ourselves feeling low, worried, anxious and stressed by life, it's many changes, and the relationships we have with others. Perhaps this isn't new, and you find yourself in the same pattern, over and over, fighting the same battles with the same types of people. Or perhaps this is new, and a profoundly disruptive event has occurred and altered your very reality and identity. I hope that we can work together to gain a deepened understanding of who you are, what you've been up against, and find real ways to invoke changes in your life.
At times we find ourselves feeling low, worried, anxious and stressed by life, it's many changes, and the relationships we have with others. Perhaps this isn't new, and you find yourself in the same pattern, over and over, fighting the same battles with the same types of people. Or perhaps this is new, and a profoundly disruptive event has occurred and altered your very reality and identity. I hope that we can work together to gain a deepened understanding of who you are, what you've been up against, and find real ways to invoke changes in your life.
(07) 3132 2848 View (07) 3132 2848
Photo of Joyce Vromen Psychology, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Joyce Vromen Psychology
Psychologist, PhD, MAPS
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
Joyce has a warm and collaborative, strengths-based, and evidence-driven approach to therapy and psychological assessment. She works together with you to work towards those goals that are important to you. Joyce is warm, reliable, and approaches difficulties with care and humour. Currently, Joyce is accepting new clients without waitlist for therapy support as well as assessments.
Joyce has a warm and collaborative, strengths-based, and evidence-driven approach to therapy and psychological assessment. She works together with you to work towards those goals that are important to you. Joyce is warm, reliable, and approaches difficulties with care and humour. Currently, Joyce is accepting new clients without waitlist for therapy support as well as assessments.
(07) 2100 4139 View (07) 2100 4139
Photo of Melissa Connell, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Melissa Connell
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
I am a clinical psychologist offering both in-person and telehealth therapy to people with a range of mental health difficulties. I have worked in a range of different capacities in the mental health field for over 15 years which has helped me to understand what causes mental health problems and the types of strategies and approaches that can help people to feel better. I believe that most people who are experiencing psychological and emotional problems have had stressful or traumatic life experiences that have negatively affected them.
I am a clinical psychologist offering both in-person and telehealth therapy to people with a range of mental health difficulties. I have worked in a range of different capacities in the mental health field for over 15 years which has helped me to understand what causes mental health problems and the types of strategies and approaches that can help people to feel better. I believe that most people who are experiencing psychological and emotional problems have had stressful or traumatic life experiences that have negatively affected them.
(07) 3113 9157 View (07) 3113 9157
Photo of Alana Vining, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Alana Vining
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
Hello, I'm Alana - I work with individuals experiencing low mood, depression, anxiety & panic; issues in their interpersonal relationships & sexual dysfunction (e.g., painful sex, vaginismus, low desire, erectile difficulties); low self-esteem; women's health problems; gender diversity, and difficulty coping with life transitions.
Hello, I'm Alana - I work with individuals experiencing low mood, depression, anxiety & panic; issues in their interpersonal relationships & sexual dysfunction (e.g., painful sex, vaginismus, low desire, erectile difficulties); low self-esteem; women's health problems; gender diversity, and difficulty coping with life transitions.
(07) 3184 4935 View (07) 3184 4935
Photo of Trish Carroll, Psychologist in Spring Hill, QLD
Trish Carroll
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spring Hill, QLD 4000
Elder Matters is a Psychology practice dedicated to the care and support for individuals and families experiencing the challenges of ageing, including: loneliness and isolation; loss, grief and/or bereavements; health and capacity diagnoses; living with memory loss; experiencing past trauma; transition to aged care. These challenges can impact on independence, family relationships, quality of life, support networks, self-confidence, mental health and general wellbeing. Families/loved ones can also be affected, and at times overwhelmed, by the combination of loss and grief, carer fatigue/exhaustion and complex care systems.
Elder Matters is a Psychology practice dedicated to the care and support for individuals and families experiencing the challenges of ageing, including: loneliness and isolation; loss, grief and/or bereavements; health and capacity diagnoses; living with memory loss; experiencing past trauma; transition to aged care. These challenges can impact on independence, family relationships, quality of life, support networks, self-confidence, mental health and general wellbeing. Families/loved ones can also be affected, and at times overwhelmed, by the combination of loss and grief, carer fatigue/exhaustion and complex care systems.
(07) 2100 4066 View (07) 2100 4066

See more therapy options for Spring Hill

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Spring Hill, QLD

70+

Average cost per session

$217

Counsellors in Spring Hill, QLD who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
84% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
74% Stress
73% Trauma and PTSD
56% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Medicare Rebates
43% Bupa
39% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in Spring Hill, QLD see their clients

94% In Person and Online
6% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Spring Hill?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.