Autism Psychologists and Therapists in Benowa, QLD

Photo of Jane Morgan - Jane Morgan Clinical Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Jane Morgan Clinical Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
She provides support to children, adolescents, families and adults, in areas including anxiety and behavioural issues, and further expertise with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Jane offers an evidence-based and compassionate approach to working in partnership with clients. Her primary modalities include Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). Jane is also trained in parenting support frameworks, including Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) and PPP.
She provides support to children, adolescents, families and adults, in areas including anxiety and behavioural issues, and further expertise with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Jane offers an evidence-based and compassionate approach to working in partnership with clients. Her primary modalities include Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). Jane is also trained in parenting support frameworks, including Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) and PPP.
View
Photo of Elayna Browett, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Elayna Browett
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
My ideal clients are children, adolescents, and parents who need a space to genuinely feel heard and seen. They often find standard therapy difficult, have a neurodiverse mind, navigate behavioural challenges, or carry experiences that have been genuinely painful and are ready to shift how those experiences sit with them.
My ideal clients are children, adolescents, and parents who need a space to genuinely feel heard and seen. They often find standard therapy difficult, have a neurodiverse mind, navigate behavioural challenges, or carry experiences that have been genuinely painful and are ready to shift how those experiences sit with them.
(08) 7562 9530 View (08) 7562 9530
Photo of Angela Elia - Alegna Solutions Psychology Practice, Psychologist, PsychD, Assoc MAPS
Alegna Solutions Psychology Practice
Psychologist, PsychD, Assoc MAPS
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi and Welcome. I pride myself on helping and improving the wellbeing of my clients. It doesn't matter where you come from, I can help you find improvement and solutions towards a better life. I have been a registered psychologist for the past 20 years and provided confidential counselling, coaching, and mentoring services to clients Australia Wide from my private practice on the Gold Coast, both face to face and online. I have a wide variety of skills working with children, adolescents, adults, and couples. For the kids, I'm known as the "Happy Lady" and for the adults I'm known as "The Iron fist in a Velvet Glove".
Hi and Welcome. I pride myself on helping and improving the wellbeing of my clients. It doesn't matter where you come from, I can help you find improvement and solutions towards a better life. I have been a registered psychologist for the past 20 years and provided confidential counselling, coaching, and mentoring services to clients Australia Wide from my private practice on the Gold Coast, both face to face and online. I have a wide variety of skills working with children, adolescents, adults, and couples. For the kids, I'm known as the "Happy Lady" and for the adults I'm known as "The Iron fist in a Velvet Glove".
(07) 2801 6208 View (07) 2801 6208
Photo of Anissa Loades - Attuned Family Psychology (ADHD Family Focus), Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Attuned Family Psychology (ADHD Family Focus)
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I am a registered psychologist with over 20 years’ experience supporting children, adolescents, adults, and families. My work is grounded in trauma-informed, attachment-focused, and neurodiversity-affirming approaches, with a strong background in child protection. I support clients with emotional regulation, relationships, parenting, and complex developmental and trauma-related concerns, offering practical, tailored strategies in a safe and collaborative space.
I am a registered psychologist with over 20 years’ experience supporting children, adolescents, adults, and families. My work is grounded in trauma-informed, attachment-focused, and neurodiversity-affirming approaches, with a strong background in child protection. I support clients with emotional regulation, relationships, parenting, and complex developmental and trauma-related concerns, offering practical, tailored strategies in a safe and collaborative space.
0499 767 070 View 0499 767 070

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Em Millar, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Em Millar
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Beenleigh, QLD 4207
Hey there I’m Em, a queer and neurodivergent counsellor, and I support children, families, and adults navigating queerness and neurodiversity.
I am fascinated by how the brain and body connect and how our body communicates to us about the past and present through physical sensations. Using talk, creative, somatic, and play based therapies, I invite you to connect with your body to develop a deeper understanding of yourself and your experiences, release tension, and learn new skills.
Hey there I’m Em, a queer and neurodivergent counsellor, and I support children, families, and adults navigating queerness and neurodiversity.
I am fascinated by how the brain and body connect and how our body communicates to us about the past and present through physical sensations. Using talk, creative, somatic, and play based therapies, I invite you to connect with your body to develop a deeper understanding of yourself and your experiences, release tension, and learn new skills.
(07) 2100 4891 View (07) 2100 4891
Photo of Katrina Schwarz - Stop, Collaborate & Listen - Counselling, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Stop, Collaborate & Listen - Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Munruben, QLD 4125
Waitlist for new clients
As a late diagnosed Autistic/ADHD/PDA individual, I proudly own who I am and utilise this as a foundation for my framework of practise as a Registered Counsellor.
As an Autistic/ADHD/PDA individual, I work primarily with ND individuals of all ages, all of whom have different hopes for therapy. Having worked as a Midwife for over a decade, I also consider infertility, bereavement, perinatal mental health and parenting issues a specialty. Couples and family counselling also make up a large portion of my clientele.
As a late diagnosed Autistic/ADHD/PDA individual, I proudly own who I am and utilise this as a foundation for my framework of practise as a Registered Counsellor.
As an Autistic/ADHD/PDA individual, I work primarily with ND individuals of all ages, all of whom have different hopes for therapy. Having worked as a Midwife for over a decade, I also consider infertility, bereavement, perinatal mental health and parenting issues a specialty. Couples and family counselling also make up a large portion of my clientele.
(07) 3050 0733 View (07) 3050 0733
Photo of Tanya-Louise Anne Mitchell - The Resilience Hive - Tanya Mitchell, Counsellor, ACA-L2
The Resilience Hive - Tanya Mitchell
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
I work with clients facing neurodiversity challenges ( Autism, ADHD), child/adolescent mental health issues (anxiety, depression, self-regulation), and peri/postnatal mental health.
Life’s changes can feel overwhelming, but therapy offers a space for clarity and growth. Welcome to the Resilience Hive! I’m Tanya, a registered Lvl 2 ACA Counsellor and Psychotherapist in Warwick, Queensland, and a Digital Lifeline Crisis Counsellor. I offer a strength-based, trauma-informed approach to support children, teens, adults, couples, and families navigating parenting stress, anxiety, grief, neurodivergence ( Autism, ADHD), relationship challenges, workplace struggles, and more. My goal is to help you build resilience, develop coping skills, and achieve meaningful change in a compassionate space—tailored just for you.
I work with clients facing neurodiversity challenges ( Autism, ADHD), child/adolescent mental health issues (anxiety, depression, self-regulation), and peri/postnatal mental health.
Life’s changes can feel overwhelming, but therapy offers a space for clarity and growth. Welcome to the Resilience Hive! I’m Tanya, a registered Lvl 2 ACA Counsellor and Psychotherapist in Warwick, Queensland, and a Digital Lifeline Crisis Counsellor. I offer a strength-based, trauma-informed approach to support children, teens, adults, couples, and families navigating parenting stress, anxiety, grief, neurodivergence ( Autism, ADHD), relationship challenges, workplace struggles, and more. My goal is to help you build resilience, develop coping skills, and achieve meaningful change in a compassionate space—tailored just for you.
(07) 4516 9006 View (07) 4516 9006
Photo of Emily Nelson - Unbound Wellness, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Unbound Wellness
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Being neurodivergent in a neurotypical world is challenging!
I also offer neuroaffirming therapy for autistic and/ or ADHD adult, teens, a children any parenting support. If you’re a parent trying to understand your child’s sensory needs, emotional regulation, or school challenges - or if you’re an adult who has always felt different and is finally looking for answers - you’re in the right place!
Being neurodivergent in a neurotypical world is challenging!
I also offer neuroaffirming therapy for autistic and/ or ADHD adult, teens, a children any parenting support. If you’re a parent trying to understand your child’s sensory needs, emotional regulation, or school challenges - or if you’re an adult who has always felt different and is finally looking for answers - you’re in the right place!
(07) 2000 5494 View (07) 2000 5494
Photo of Tegan Campbell - Tegan Campbell Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Tegan Campbell Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Perhaps it's stress, anxiety or depression, your neurodivergent identity (ADHD/ Autism), the assessment process (I can provide post diagnosis support/coaching for ADHD and Autism), the executive functions of the brain or substance use difficulties.
My style is: Warm, compassionate & supportive with a dash of humour. I am a parent, neurodivergent ally, psychologist and life long learner. Our initial session: is an opportunity for us to get to know one another, to chat about what you would like help with... what you would like to be doing more of (or less of) during our time together.
Perhaps it's stress, anxiety or depression, your neurodivergent identity (ADHD/ Autism), the assessment process (I can provide post diagnosis support/coaching for ADHD and Autism), the executive functions of the brain or substance use difficulties.
My style is: Warm, compassionate & supportive with a dash of humour. I am a parent, neurodivergent ally, psychologist and life long learner. Our initial session: is an opportunity for us to get to know one another, to chat about what you would like help with... what you would like to be doing more of (or less of) during our time together.
(07) 4515 2398 View (07) 4515 2398
Photo of Marni Patrice Stewart, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Marni Patrice Stewart
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Robina, QLD 4226
I work with a variety of clients and a range of presentations including ASD, ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Behavioural Challenges, Family Challenges, Eating and Feeding Disorders, and OCD.
I am a professional, compassionate, and driven person who values the need for respectful interactions. My objective is to develop individualised care plans and implement effective interventions and goal-setting strategies to ensure that each client and their families live their lives according to their own beliefs and values, ultimately enabling a safe, healthy, and happy lifestyle. I am a caring, positive, compassionate and hardworking individual who is honest, reliable, and punctual. My mission is to provide support in a genuine and caring manner via empirically validated and evidence-based practice.
I work with a variety of clients and a range of presentations including ASD, ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Behavioural Challenges, Family Challenges, Eating and Feeding Disorders, and OCD.
I am a professional, compassionate, and driven person who values the need for respectful interactions. My objective is to develop individualised care plans and implement effective interventions and goal-setting strategies to ensure that each client and their families live their lives according to their own beliefs and values, ultimately enabling a safe, healthy, and happy lifestyle. I am a caring, positive, compassionate and hardworking individual who is honest, reliable, and punctual. My mission is to provide support in a genuine and caring manner via empirically validated and evidence-based practice.
(08) 7947 8251 View (08) 7947 8251
Photo of Matthew Kyte - Matt Kyte: NDIS Behaviour Support/NDIS Counsellor
I am a registered NDIS Positive Behaviour Support Practitioner and Counsellor dedicated to helping participants navigate challenging behaviours by understanding the “why” behind them. Using a person-centered and trauma-informed lens, I work to create long-term change that priorities dignity, choice, and quality of life. Driven by a deep commitment to helping people lead full and meaningful lives, I bring a biopsychosocial approach to every engagement-considering the biological, psychological, and social factors that shape a person’s experience. I also offer NDIS Personal Training, and Innovative Community Participation.
I am a registered NDIS Positive Behaviour Support Practitioner and Counsellor dedicated to helping participants navigate challenging behaviours by understanding the “why” behind them. Using a person-centered and trauma-informed lens, I work to create long-term change that priorities dignity, choice, and quality of life. Driven by a deep commitment to helping people lead full and meaningful lives, I bring a biopsychosocial approach to every engagement-considering the biological, psychological, and social factors that shape a person’s experience. I also offer NDIS Personal Training, and Innovative Community Participation.
(07) 2801 7570 View (07) 2801 7570
Photo of Jess Hodges, Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Jess Hodges
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel overwhelmed, exhausted or struggling with motivation? Do you have sensitivities that leave you feeling judged by others, or misunderstood? Do you experience stuck patterns of behaviour that effect your ability to feel satisfaction in life and in relationships? Do you feel pressure to conform to societal norms and expectations, which leaves you feeling "othered" and isolated? I see you! You are not alone and you don't have to work this out by yourself. Together we can explore your lived experience and the many ways it impacts your sense of self, worthiness and belonging.
Do you feel overwhelmed, exhausted or struggling with motivation? Do you have sensitivities that leave you feeling judged by others, or misunderstood? Do you experience stuck patterns of behaviour that effect your ability to feel satisfaction in life and in relationships? Do you feel pressure to conform to societal norms and expectations, which leaves you feeling "othered" and isolated? I see you! You are not alone and you don't have to work this out by yourself. Together we can explore your lived experience and the many ways it impacts your sense of self, worthiness and belonging.
0408 486 282 View 0408 486 282
Photo of Marta Kawka, Counsellor, PhD, ACA-L1
Marta Kawka
Counsellor, PhD, ACA-L1
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I invite you if you long for a depth conversation attuned to your artistic and neurodivergent way of relating.
I focus on neurodivergence and spiritual direction. By neurodivergence I mean ways of perceiving and relating that fall outside the statistical norm. You may feel alienated from neurotypical values, or struggle in therapeutic relationships that feel normative, manipulative, or subtly corrective. You are not seeking to be fixed, but to be understood at depth. I offer a dialogical space where your mode of being is engaged rather than adjusted. Spiritual direction here names a path beyond imposed identities, opening toward a transpersonal dimension of experience.
I invite you if you long for a depth conversation attuned to your artistic and neurodivergent way of relating.
I focus on neurodivergence and spiritual direction. By neurodivergence I mean ways of perceiving and relating that fall outside the statistical norm. You may feel alienated from neurotypical values, or struggle in therapeutic relationships that feel normative, manipulative, or subtly corrective. You are not seeking to be fixed, but to be understood at depth. I offer a dialogical space where your mode of being is engaged rather than adjusted. Spiritual direction here names a path beyond imposed identities, opening toward a transpersonal dimension of experience.
View
Photo of Bri Stevens, Social Worker
Bri Stevens
Social Worker
Serves Area
I work with queer adults, neurodivergent adults ( autistic, ADHD, AuDHD), and people in relationships of all shapes — couples, polyamorous and ENM, queer relationships, neurodivergent partnerships.
In therapy, I start from the belief that you are the expert in your life and I am here to listen without judgement, provide insights where needed, and help you draw on your own strengths, values and life experiences to solve problems. I have a Master of Counselling Social Work and I'm a PhD candidate researching care in neurodivergent queer intimacies.
I work with queer adults, neurodivergent adults ( autistic, ADHD, AuDHD), and people in relationships of all shapes — couples, polyamorous and ENM, queer relationships, neurodivergent partnerships.
In therapy, I start from the belief that you are the expert in your life and I am here to listen without judgement, provide insights where needed, and help you draw on your own strengths, values and life experiences to solve problems. I have a Master of Counselling Social Work and I'm a PhD candidate researching care in neurodivergent queer intimacies.
(07) 2000 5957 View (07) 2000 5957
Photo of Denise Eagleton - Empowering Connections , Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Empowering Connections
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Serves Area
I bring a unique, relational approach to every individual I work with. My office is situated on a small acreage, where I offer room-based, nature-based, online services or equine-assisted psychotherapy. I believe in the power of genuine connection to help people heal and grow, and I am deeply committed to assisting individuals and couples in regaining balance. Whether working with individuals who have faced trauma or those seeking more profound understanding and self-growth, I aim to guide my clients towards a balanced, empowered life of possibility.
I bring a unique, relational approach to every individual I work with. My office is situated on a small acreage, where I offer room-based, nature-based, online services or equine-assisted psychotherapy. I believe in the power of genuine connection to help people heal and grow, and I am deeply committed to assisting individuals and couples in regaining balance. Whether working with individuals who have faced trauma or those seeking more profound understanding and self-growth, I aim to guide my clients towards a balanced, empowered life of possibility.
(07) 5625 7574 View (07) 5625 7574
Photo of Clair Sykes, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Clair Sykes
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Broadbeach, QLD 4218
I’ve been in the mental health and disability sector for over 25 years, and walked alongside people and families, and had the joy of being reminded how unique each and every one of us is. Just like you, I’m on the journey of designing a life that matters including paid or unpaid work, health, love, and play (I love live streaming series and movies, reading and learning. Italian and Bachata are my latest conquests). One of Clair’s superpowers is her ability to truly listen and understand her clients and their needs. She passionately works with participants and their loved ones to get what is important to them.
I’ve been in the mental health and disability sector for over 25 years, and walked alongside people and families, and had the joy of being reminded how unique each and every one of us is. Just like you, I’m on the journey of designing a life that matters including paid or unpaid work, health, love, and play (I love live streaming series and movies, reading and learning. Italian and Bachata are my latest conquests). One of Clair’s superpowers is her ability to truly listen and understand her clients and their needs. She passionately works with participants and their loved ones to get what is important to them.
(03) 4061 7001 View (03) 4061 7001
Photo of Kia Bishop, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Kia Bishop
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Burleigh Heads, QLD 4220
I work with teens (13+) and adults who feel overwhelmed, burnt out, or like they’ve never quite fit the mould — including those who are autistic, ADHD, or exploring whether they might be. Many of the people I support have tried to “push through” for a long time. On the outside, things might look okay, but internally it can feel exhausting, confusing, or like you’re constantly second-guessing yourself. Therapy with me is a space where you don’t have to mask, explain everything perfectly, or be “on.”
I work with teens (13+) and adults who feel overwhelmed, burnt out, or like they’ve never quite fit the mould — including those who are autistic, ADHD, or exploring whether they might be. Many of the people I support have tried to “push through” for a long time. On the outside, things might look okay, but internally it can feel exhausting, confusing, or like you’re constantly second-guessing yourself. Therapy with me is a space where you don’t have to mask, explain everything perfectly, or be “on.”
(08) 6029 5808 View (08) 6029 5808
Photo of Goldy Albu - Possibilities Awaken, Social Worker, MSc, AMHSW
Possibilities Awaken
Social Worker, MSc, AMHSW
Mermaid Waters, QLD 4218
Trauma & EMDR Therapy, Neurodivergent Adults, Complex Mental Health and chronic pain for people feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or emotionally exhausted.
I specialise in trauma, addiction, pain management, chronic illness and neurodiversity-affirming practice. My clinical experience includes PTSD, ADHD, ASD/AUDHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and BPD. I work across EMDR, CBT, DBT, ACT, CPT and mindfulness-based approaches.
Trauma & EMDR Therapy, Neurodivergent Adults, Complex Mental Health and chronic pain for people feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or emotionally exhausted.
I specialise in trauma, addiction, pain management, chronic illness and neurodiversity-affirming practice. My clinical experience includes PTSD, ADHD, ASD/AUDHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and BPD. I work across EMDR, CBT, DBT, ACT, CPT and mindfulness-based approaches.
(02) 4404 0525 View (02) 4404 0525
Photo of Paula Gomez, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Paula Gomez
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Southport, QLD 4215
I love working with adults who are going through change or are feeling a bit stuck—whether that’s because of life transitions, health issues, identity questions, trauma, or the impact of discrimination. You might be feeling disconnected, overwhelmed, or unsure about what’s next. You don’t need to have a clear direction —just a sense that you want something to shift. Maybe you’re looking to understand yourself better, make sense of what you’ve been through, or find steadier ground. Therapy with me isn’t about having to “fix” yourself. It’s a space to reflect, feel supported, and explore what matters to you—at your own pace.
I love working with adults who are going through change or are feeling a bit stuck—whether that’s because of life transitions, health issues, identity questions, trauma, or the impact of discrimination. You might be feeling disconnected, overwhelmed, or unsure about what’s next. You don’t need to have a clear direction —just a sense that you want something to shift. Maybe you’re looking to understand yourself better, make sense of what you’ve been through, or find steadier ground. Therapy with me isn’t about having to “fix” yourself. It’s a space to reflect, feel supported, and explore what matters to you—at your own pace.
(07) 2801 7452 View (07) 2801 7452
Photo of Carlie Bills, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Carlie Bills
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Online Only
I specialise in burnout, late-identified ADHD and autism in women, perimenopause, and midlife identity.
The women I work with are capable, self-aware, and holding a lot together. From the outside they’re functioning well. On the inside something has shifted. They’ve often already tried the standard pathways — and left feeling like something important was missed. What brings them here is usually burnout that won’t shift, health changes affecting their sense of self, a suspicion their brain works differently, or a quiet loss of knowing who they are underneath all the roles they’re carrying. I help them finally stop, be heard, and figure out what’s actually going on.
I specialise in burnout, late-identified ADHD and autism in women, perimenopause, and midlife identity.
The women I work with are capable, self-aware, and holding a lot together. From the outside they’re functioning well. On the inside something has shifted. They’ve often already tried the standard pathways — and left feeling like something important was missed. What brings them here is usually burnout that won’t shift, health changes affecting their sense of self, a suspicion their brain works differently, or a quiet loss of knowing who they are underneath all the roles they’re carrying. I help them finally stop, be heard, and figure out what’s actually going on.
(07) 2801 6094 View (07) 2801 6094
Autism Therapists
What is the most effective treatment for autism?
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has come to be considered the standard treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder, and research has confirmed its effectiveness for many children. Therapists trained in ABA techniques work with children (and their parents) on developing social skills, communication and learning abilities, and everyday habits of hygiene and grooming. The clinician will tailor their program to the child’s particular need but the overarching goal will be to help them advance as far as possible toward independence based on their level of symptoms and decrease the need for additional special services. Families should seek a mental health professional specifically trained in ABA, and holding special certification in the technique, who has extensive experience not only with the approach but in using it with children with the same level of symptoms as the child who needs care.

How does ABA work?
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) sessions, which typically focus on positive reinforcement, can be intensive, lasting two or more hours several times a week, and continuing for two years or more. Therapists can also be expected to ask parents to take an active role in reinforcing lessons. Research has found that the technique can lead to major improvements that decrease the need for additional special services.

How does treatment for autism work?
Therapy sessions based on Applied Behavior Analysis will likely be frequent, intensive, and highly structured. After a thorough assessment, a therapist will help a child understand and develop skills in a range of areas, including communication, motor skills, social skills, self-care, play, and academic skills, as well as routines of daily living like hygiene. Typically, the therapist will help a child break down the components of a behavior—often referred to as the antecedent (what prompts an action), the behavior, and the consequence(what immediately follows)—and then reward the child at every step, while also asking parents to reinforce the lessons, and the rewards, throughout the day. This core therapy may be supplemented by occupational or speech therapy, and antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants may be prescribed to address specific severe symptoms.

How long does therapy for autism take?
Some people with autism spectrum disorder may be engaged in some level of therapy for many years, but research shows that treatment will be most effective if it is begun early and delivered intensively. When therapy begins by age 3, children tend to be better able to grasp and adopt the skills needed to manage everyday life, including attending school and establishing social relationships. This type of early-intervention treatment regimen is highly structured, typically involving 20 to 40 hours of one-on-one therapy per week, along with additional hours of engagement managed by parents, for a period of two years or more, although the duration of treatment is dependent on the child’s level of symptoms and pace of progress.