Counselling in Frewville, SA
Marina Bills
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Frewville, SA 5063
Marina is a warm and compassionate Psychologist who has worked in public and community health settings as well as in the private sector for the past 10 years. Marina has wide experience working with adolescents and adults and is passionate about helping people with mood, worry and distress problems, stemming from the past or more recent experiences. Marina focuses on building a therapeutic relationship based on empathy, curiosity, openness, kindness and respect to help understand her client’s needs and work towards their goals. Marina believes in recognising individual’s strengths to help overcome challenges and bring about change
Marina is a warm and compassionate Psychologist who has worked in public and community health settings as well as in the private sector for the past 10 years. Marina has wide experience working with adolescents and adults and is passionate about helping people with mood, worry and distress problems, stemming from the past or more recent experiences. Marina focuses on building a therapeutic relationship based on empathy, curiosity, openness, kindness and respect to help understand her client’s needs and work towards their goals. Marina believes in recognising individual’s strengths to help overcome challenges and bring about change
Anna Maletz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Verified Verified
Frewville, SA 5063
I'm Anna. I offer a warm, calm, kind and respectful approach to your therapeutic journey. I enjoy working with adults who are interested in connecting with their own inner wisdom. I believe that many of the struggles we face in adult life stem from ways we learned to navigate and survive in the world as children, which may have worked for us then, but are no longer serving us now. Add to that the many experiences that have shaped us, especially the challenging ones and it makes sense that we might reach a point where some support is needed. My approach is holistic and incorporates the wisdom of the body as well as the mind.
I'm Anna. I offer a warm, calm, kind and respectful approach to your therapeutic journey. I enjoy working with adults who are interested in connecting with their own inner wisdom. I believe that many of the struggles we face in adult life stem from ways we learned to navigate and survive in the world as children, which may have worked for us then, but are no longer serving us now. Add to that the many experiences that have shaped us, especially the challenging ones and it makes sense that we might reach a point where some support is needed. My approach is holistic and incorporates the wisdom of the body as well as the mind.
Bronwyn O'Callaghan
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Frewville, SA 5063
I am a passionate advocate for authentic, open and respectful collaborative relationships with my clients, believing it is the first step in empowering positive personal change and reduced emotional suffering. I value the restorative nature of counselling as an opportunity to reflect on values, goals and expectations and to promote self-awareness and personal growth. I can support you to discover the source of your concerns and by uncovering and exploring barriers and potential roadblocks, guide you towards goal-orientated solutions for positive, sustainable change.
I am a passionate advocate for authentic, open and respectful collaborative relationships with my clients, believing it is the first step in empowering positive personal change and reduced emotional suffering. I value the restorative nature of counselling as an opportunity to reflect on values, goals and expectations and to promote self-awareness and personal growth. I can support you to discover the source of your concerns and by uncovering and exploring barriers and potential roadblocks, guide you towards goal-orientated solutions for positive, sustainable change.
More Therapists Nearby
Kate Moody
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Adelaide, SA 5000
Feeling weighed down by the never-ending stream of responsibilities? Exhausted, drained, and teetering on the edge of burnout? You're not in this alone. But there's hope. Let's journey together to reclaim your energy and reignite your zest for life. I've trodden that same path of burnout, so I understand. The good news? I've discovered how to revive that spark, and I'm here to be your guide. Bringing joy to women like you by helping you refill your cup is my passion.
Feeling weighed down by the never-ending stream of responsibilities? Exhausted, drained, and teetering on the edge of burnout? You're not in this alone. But there's hope. Let's journey together to reclaim your energy and reignite your zest for life. I've trodden that same path of burnout, so I understand. The good news? I've discovered how to revive that spark, and I'm here to be your guide. Bringing joy to women like you by helping you refill your cup is my passion.
Elizabeth Holmquest - Paper Daisy Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000 (Online Only)
Hello! I'm Elizabeth. Are you struggling with family of origin issues from the past and need support? I work with people who have had experiences including (but not limited to) sexual, physical and emotional abuse and/or neglect. You're not alone. Recovery is possible. I support people to achieve the goals and intentions most important to them.
Hello! I'm Elizabeth. Are you struggling with family of origin issues from the past and need support? I work with people who have had experiences including (but not limited to) sexual, physical and emotional abuse and/or neglect. You're not alone. Recovery is possible. I support people to achieve the goals and intentions most important to them.
Dr Alissa Knight
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Clarence Park, SA 5034
I am a Clinical Psychologist, Researcher, and Founder of The Calming Suite in Clarence Park South Australia. My greatest passion as a Psychologist is helping youth (12 - 30) with Eating Disorders, and related issues such as Anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder, Trauma, Body Image concerns, Bullying, and Suicidality. The greatest gift as a Psychologist is watching so many beautiful individuals often in severe hurt, pain, and darkness, with no hope for the future, take that leap of faith with me and completely transform their life. Seeing a smile back on their face and hope through their eyes is everything.
I am a Clinical Psychologist, Researcher, and Founder of The Calming Suite in Clarence Park South Australia. My greatest passion as a Psychologist is helping youth (12 - 30) with Eating Disorders, and related issues such as Anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder, Trauma, Body Image concerns, Bullying, and Suicidality. The greatest gift as a Psychologist is watching so many beautiful individuals often in severe hurt, pain, and darkness, with no hope for the future, take that leap of faith with me and completely transform their life. Seeing a smile back on their face and hope through their eyes is everything.
Cara Miles
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000 (Online Only)
I believe that therapy is important. And I know that changing our behaviour is hard. Therapy offers a valuable pathway to help you step back, evaluate, and give you the choice to do things differently in your life. Therapy offers us the opportunity to change, supporting you to regain control of your life and while providing concrete strategies to help you do so. I’m a Clinical Psychologist with experience working in both the public and private sectors in Australia. I am trained in CBT, DBT, ACT, interpersonal therapy and mindfulness-based approaches.
I believe that therapy is important. And I know that changing our behaviour is hard. Therapy offers a valuable pathway to help you step back, evaluate, and give you the choice to do things differently in your life. Therapy offers us the opportunity to change, supporting you to regain control of your life and while providing concrete strategies to help you do so. I’m a Clinical Psychologist with experience working in both the public and private sectors in Australia. I am trained in CBT, DBT, ACT, interpersonal therapy and mindfulness-based approaches.
Dr Jacky Wan - Multilingual Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
I am a clinical psychologist with over a decade of experience in clinical supervisory roles held at both hospitals and private practice. In this time I have specialised in sleep issues, sleep disorders, psychotic spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder and other clinical presentations. I am passionate about providing caring and compassionate psychological support, tailored to my individual clients. This can range from resolving painful history to promoting growth in various stages of their life. Having practiced in both Hong Kong and Australia, I speak fluent English, Cantonese and Mandarin.
I am a clinical psychologist with over a decade of experience in clinical supervisory roles held at both hospitals and private practice. In this time I have specialised in sleep issues, sleep disorders, psychotic spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder and other clinical presentations. I am passionate about providing caring and compassionate psychological support, tailored to my individual clients. This can range from resolving painful history to promoting growth in various stages of their life. Having practiced in both Hong Kong and Australia, I speak fluent English, Cantonese and Mandarin.
Isabel Chua
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000 (Online Only)
Isabel is a registered psychologist with the Australian Psychology Board and a member of the Australian Psychological Society. She has a warm and approachable personality and uses a client-centred model. Isabel will work collaboratively with you to understand and help you through your difficulties. Isabel has experience with a range of issues across the lifespan and can adapt to children and adult clients from different cultural and social backgrounds.
Isabel is a registered psychologist with the Australian Psychology Board and a member of the Australian Psychological Society. She has a warm and approachable personality and uses a client-centred model. Isabel will work collaboratively with you to understand and help you through your difficulties. Isabel has experience with a range of issues across the lifespan and can adapt to children and adult clients from different cultural and social backgrounds.
Brave Space Therapy by Brinda Taparia
Psychotherapist, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000 (Online Only)
Trauma and mental health now form part of our lingo, and give us a broader understanding of ourselves. Trouble of course arises when, that expanded understanding alone of ourselves doesn't lead to expanded lives and relationships. You know more now but what's really changed? So much of our discomfort arises from trying to resist change and sticking with what is familiar even when it is keeping us stuck in our lives. Accepting change within the self and the need for it can be the hardest task of all, giving rise to a fear of being "wrong" or "unwanted" or "unloved" or more simply and deeply, being seen.
Trauma and mental health now form part of our lingo, and give us a broader understanding of ourselves. Trouble of course arises when, that expanded understanding alone of ourselves doesn't lead to expanded lives and relationships. You know more now but what's really changed? So much of our discomfort arises from trying to resist change and sticking with what is familiar even when it is keeping us stuck in our lives. Accepting change within the self and the need for it can be the hardest task of all, giving rise to a fear of being "wrong" or "unwanted" or "unloved" or more simply and deeply, being seen.
Vicky Zeng
Counsellor, MSc, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
Warm greetings. It can be a really big step to seek help and look for a counsellor, thank you for stopping by and a warm welcome to your journey with counselling. I work with people who experience anxiety, depression and stress caused by challenging life events. I'm here to offer you a safe space to be seen, understood and together we make sense of your experiences and work towards the change you desire. You will be assured of a non-judgmental and compassionate therapeutic environment. As a result of therapy, you would gain insights into yourself and others and develop a sense of direction for moving on.
Warm greetings. It can be a really big step to seek help and look for a counsellor, thank you for stopping by and a warm welcome to your journey with counselling. I work with people who experience anxiety, depression and stress caused by challenging life events. I'm here to offer you a safe space to be seen, understood and together we make sense of your experiences and work towards the change you desire. You will be assured of a non-judgmental and compassionate therapeutic environment. As a result of therapy, you would gain insights into yourself and others and develop a sense of direction for moving on.
Anthony Edwards
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Adelaide, SA 5000 (Online Only)
Are you feeling anxious, stressed, confused, emotionally overwhelmed? Does life seem overwhelming, unfair, sad, unfulfilling, directionless, hopeless? Do you simply want more from life? You’re not alone. I endeavour to understand what is important for you, which means that I don’t have a one-size-fits-all approach. Using empathy and non-judgement, I listen to understand what life is like for you and to ‘get’ you - what you are thinking and feeling, how the events of life have impacted you, and what you want and need. I create a safe space to be open and real about what you are experiencing.
Are you feeling anxious, stressed, confused, emotionally overwhelmed? Does life seem overwhelming, unfair, sad, unfulfilling, directionless, hopeless? Do you simply want more from life? You’re not alone. I endeavour to understand what is important for you, which means that I don’t have a one-size-fits-all approach. Using empathy and non-judgement, I listen to understand what life is like for you and to ‘get’ you - what you are thinking and feeling, how the events of life have impacted you, and what you want and need. I create a safe space to be open and real about what you are experiencing.
Monica Doyle Online Therapy
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000 (Online Only)
If you are reading this now you must be tired of swimming against the tide! You could suffer from feelings of anger, inadequacy, fear, sadness, obsessive toughts, self-harm or self-hatred. Your relationship could be suffering. You could feel hopeless and lonely with no one to hear you, let alone understand you. All these feelings could be the result of old traumas and poor relational patterns learned a long time ago. Have you ever wondered why you react in certain ways, in spite of yourself? Or why a pattern seems to repeat over and over? Why is there always something missing? I can help you!
If you are reading this now you must be tired of swimming against the tide! You could suffer from feelings of anger, inadequacy, fear, sadness, obsessive toughts, self-harm or self-hatred. Your relationship could be suffering. You could feel hopeless and lonely with no one to hear you, let alone understand you. All these feelings could be the result of old traumas and poor relational patterns learned a long time ago. Have you ever wondered why you react in certain ways, in spite of yourself? Or why a pattern seems to repeat over and over? Why is there always something missing? I can help you!
Humera Rafiq
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Westbourne Park, SA 5041
Right Path Psychology has caring and skilled Psychologists that excel in a range of general and clinical psychological services such as Depression, Anxiety, Relationship Counselling, Stress Management, EAP and Trauma counselling, Onsite organisation support, Redundancies, Trauma Debriefing, Emotional Resilience and other issues.
Right Path Psychology has caring and skilled Psychologists that excel in a range of general and clinical psychological services such as Depression, Anxiety, Relationship Counselling, Stress Management, EAP and Trauma counselling, Onsite organisation support, Redundancies, Trauma Debriefing, Emotional Resilience and other issues.
SexWit Counselling & Sexology - Zoë Hancock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AASW
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
Zoë is a registered & experienced Clinical Sexologist, Psychotherapist, Sex & Relationship Therapist & the founder & principal practitioner of SexWit, with over 25 years experience. Are you seeking guidance in your sex life, grappling with sexual difficulties, relationships, mental health or dating experiences? Do you wish to enhance trust, connection, communication, eroticism, vitality, or find greater life purpose? Zoë offers years of wisdom, knowledge, & useful tools to help you enrich or transform your life, within a safe, sex-positive & empathic space. We are currently accepting new referrals & clients as of 5 January 2024.
Zoë is a registered & experienced Clinical Sexologist, Psychotherapist, Sex & Relationship Therapist & the founder & principal practitioner of SexWit, with over 25 years experience. Are you seeking guidance in your sex life, grappling with sexual difficulties, relationships, mental health or dating experiences? Do you wish to enhance trust, connection, communication, eroticism, vitality, or find greater life purpose? Zoë offers years of wisdom, knowledge, & useful tools to help you enrich or transform your life, within a safe, sex-positive & empathic space. We are currently accepting new referrals & clients as of 5 January 2024.
Kind Mind Wellness
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norwood, SA 5067
My ideal client is looking for a holistic approach to modern-day therapy. They are want to deepen their connection between body, mind and emotions. They are looking to create awareness around the parts of themselves that need to be re-integrated to create a more centred self. They are looking for the tools to feel empowered to continue regulating even after they leave our therapy session. They are looking for a non-judgemental space to explore your inner and outer landscapes.
My ideal client is looking for a holistic approach to modern-day therapy. They are want to deepen their connection between body, mind and emotions. They are looking to create awareness around the parts of themselves that need to be re-integrated to create a more centred self. They are looking for the tools to feel empowered to continue regulating even after they leave our therapy session. They are looking for a non-judgemental space to explore your inner and outer landscapes.
InsideArts
Psychotherapist, MSc, AThR
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Adelaide, SA 5000
Life is tough sometimes. Sometimes much of our life is tough. Where once we had extended family, tribal elders, caring friends, the shaman or others to support us is navigating life's challenges, many of us don't have those supports anymore. Our modern world has made seeking therapy a necessity as other options aren't available. The team at InsideArts believes in everyone's capacity for kindness, growth and acheiving their personal best. Whether a child or an adult, we believe a "strive to thrive" is fundamental. All it takes often is a little support to bring out the best in every child, teen and adult.
Life is tough sometimes. Sometimes much of our life is tough. Where once we had extended family, tribal elders, caring friends, the shaman or others to support us is navigating life's challenges, many of us don't have those supports anymore. Our modern world has made seeking therapy a necessity as other options aren't available. The team at InsideArts believes in everyone's capacity for kindness, growth and acheiving their personal best. Whether a child or an adult, we believe a "strive to thrive" is fundamental. All it takes often is a little support to bring out the best in every child, teen and adult.
Barbara Zoroddu
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
I strongly believe that psychological support should be a possibility for everyone, not just a luxury for the few. I am a trained Counselling professional with a passion for helping women like you fall in love with their minds and bodies, live their true emotions and find new ways to improve their well-being. I can support you while you learn more about your emotions and bodily resources, discover how to increase your self-esteem and become more resilient by overcoming your limiting beliefs about your beautiful self.
I strongly believe that psychological support should be a possibility for everyone, not just a luxury for the few. I am a trained Counselling professional with a passion for helping women like you fall in love with their minds and bodies, live their true emotions and find new ways to improve their well-being. I can support you while you learn more about your emotions and bodily resources, discover how to increase your self-esteem and become more resilient by overcoming your limiting beliefs about your beautiful self.
Roziye (Rose) Forte
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Adelaide, SA 5000
Hello and WELCOME. Let's lighten the load. Let's find find the resources and strengths within you to move forward - to design the life you really want.
Hello and WELCOME. Let's lighten the load. Let's find find the resources and strengths within you to move forward - to design the life you really want.
Strong Space Counselling - Supporting Men
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Adelaide, SA 5000 (Online Only)
Men are often taught not to reach out for help. You may have been made to believe that to seek help for yourself was to admit weakness or that it would make you a burden. Maybe you don't know where to start. But you've been thinking about getting professional support for some time now, that's why you are here. You know you need help, maybe because you're experiencing social anxiety or an overwhelming difficulty to get out of bed. You might no longer enjoy the things that used to make you happy, or you're having darker, more intrusive thoughts. It's starting to impact your relationships, your work & your physical health.
Men are often taught not to reach out for help. You may have been made to believe that to seek help for yourself was to admit weakness or that it would make you a burden. Maybe you don't know where to start. But you've been thinking about getting professional support for some time now, that's why you are here. You know you need help, maybe because you're experiencing social anxiety or an overwhelming difficulty to get out of bed. You might no longer enjoy the things that used to make you happy, or you're having darker, more intrusive thoughts. It's starting to impact your relationships, your work & your physical health.
See more therapy options for Frewville
Nearby Searches for Frewville
- Adelaide
- Beulah Park
- Eastwood
- Fullarton
- Goodwood
- Hyde Park
- Millswood
- Norwood
- Parkside
- Rose Park
- Unley
- Unley Park
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in Frewville, SA
< 10
Counsellors in Frewville, SA who prioritize treating:
100% | Depression |
100% | Anxiety |
100% | Parenting |
100% | Sleep or Insomnia |
100% | Self Esteem |
100% | Women's Issues |
100% | Stress |
Average years in practice
14 Years
Gender breakdown
100% | Female |
How Counsellors in Frewville, SA see their clients
100% | In Person and Online |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in Frewville?
Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.
Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.
Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.