Counselling in Waterloo, NSW

Photo of Christopher Mosses, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Christopher Mosses
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Waterloo, NSW 2017
People turn to therapy when they feel stuck. They may be struggling to understand their feelings or control a particular behaviour. Others are in deep pain, due to trauma, a personal dilemma or relationship problem. People of all backgrounds and identities are most welcome at my practice.
People turn to therapy when they feel stuck. They may be struggling to understand their feelings or control a particular behaviour. Others are in deep pain, due to trauma, a personal dilemma or relationship problem. People of all backgrounds and identities are most welcome at my practice.
(02) 9100 0071 View (02) 9100 0071
Photo of Christopher James, Psychotherapist in Waterloo, NSW
Christopher James
Psychotherapist, MSc, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waterloo, NSW 2017
Not accepting new clients
Available end of March...Well done for searching for a therapist who is hopefully the right fit for you (& ethically priced) to heal & find inner peace. Arrange a call to sense the experience & safety I have provided since 2015. Maximum of 4 clients per day to ensure every client gets the best version of me. On-time sessions guaranteed. Depressed, anxious, relationship problems, work stress, grief or generally feeling disconnected? Constructive, gentle & honest feedback has helped clients to reach therapeutic goals. I'm regularly told I provide a welcoming & non-judgemental environment, helping create sustainable & long term change.
Available end of March...Well done for searching for a therapist who is hopefully the right fit for you (& ethically priced) to heal & find inner peace. Arrange a call to sense the experience & safety I have provided since 2015. Maximum of 4 clients per day to ensure every client gets the best version of me. On-time sessions guaranteed. Depressed, anxious, relationship problems, work stress, grief or generally feeling disconnected? Constructive, gentle & honest feedback has helped clients to reach therapeutic goals. I'm regularly told I provide a welcoming & non-judgemental environment, helping create sustainable & long term change.
(02) 9100 0464 View (02) 9100 0464
Photo of EMDR/ Trauma Therapist, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
EMDR/ Trauma Therapist
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Waterloo, NSW 2017  (Online Only)
I am a general psychologist (registered with AHPRA) with a focus on providing a convenient EMDR telehealth service (using video-conferencing such as Zoom, or phone) for adult individuals from anywhere in Australia or overseas. My goal in therapy is to create a safe, confidential space online where you can talk openly about your life without feeling judged. I take referrals from adult individuals and welcome those of diverse sexual orientations, gender identities/expressions, and cultural backgrounds.
I am a general psychologist (registered with AHPRA) with a focus on providing a convenient EMDR telehealth service (using video-conferencing such as Zoom, or phone) for adult individuals from anywhere in Australia or overseas. My goal in therapy is to create a safe, confidential space online where you can talk openly about your life without feeling judged. I take referrals from adult individuals and welcome those of diverse sexual orientations, gender identities/expressions, and cultural backgrounds.
(07) 2000 4831 View (07) 2000 4831
Photo of Milo Crocchini, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Milo Crocchini
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Waterloo, NSW 2017
Above all, I am passionate about helping my clients live happier and more emotionally fulfilling lives. I am honored to be able to provide support and guidance during some of the most challenging times in my clients' lives, and I strive to create a warm and empathetic therapeutic environment where they feel heard, understood, and valued. As a psychologist, my ultimate goal is to help my clients improve their mental health and well-being. I understand that seeking psychological support can be a vulnerable experience, and I provide a safe and confidential space for them to manage effectively their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Above all, I am passionate about helping my clients live happier and more emotionally fulfilling lives. I am honored to be able to provide support and guidance during some of the most challenging times in my clients' lives, and I strive to create a warm and empathetic therapeutic environment where they feel heard, understood, and valued. As a psychologist, my ultimate goal is to help my clients improve their mental health and well-being. I understand that seeking psychological support can be a vulnerable experience, and I provide a safe and confidential space for them to manage effectively their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
(02) 9100 0693 View (02) 9100 0693
Photo of Odelia Carmon, Psychotherapist in Waterloo, NSW
Odelia Carmon
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Waterloo, NSW 2017
After 28 years a a psychotherapist I have learned to appreciate the strength and wisdom of my clients. Together we explore the possibilities Of healing wounds left by arduous living and exploring the opportunities for a healthy fulfilled life . I practice holisticall looking at the working and integration of the body and the mind using the conversational model as well as narrative therapy.
After 28 years a a psychotherapist I have learned to appreciate the strength and wisdom of my clients. Together we explore the possibilities Of healing wounds left by arduous living and exploring the opportunities for a healthy fulfilled life . I practice holisticall looking at the working and integration of the body and the mind using the conversational model as well as narrative therapy.
(02) 6189 2698 View (02) 6189 2698
Photo of Amy Newsom, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Amy Newsom
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waterloo, NSW 2017
“I am so looking forward to getting to know you as a unique individual, and working together to create the life you wish for. I believe that creating sustainable change is only possible when working with people holistically. I have always cringed at traditional, clinical styles of therapy, so instead I am committed to treating you as a real person and working together to help you live your best life. I love it when people take a proactive approach to their mental health. There isn’t a day that goes by where I don’t appreciate how much of a privilege it is to get to know my clients and work together with them in a meaningful way"
“I am so looking forward to getting to know you as a unique individual, and working together to create the life you wish for. I believe that creating sustainable change is only possible when working with people holistically. I have always cringed at traditional, clinical styles of therapy, so instead I am committed to treating you as a real person and working together to help you live your best life. I love it when people take a proactive approach to their mental health. There isn’t a day that goes by where I don’t appreciate how much of a privilege it is to get to know my clients and work together with them in a meaningful way"
(02) 8355 9708 View (02) 8355 9708
Photo of Dr Frank Sattler, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Dr Frank Sattler
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Waterloo, NSW 2017
Hi! I'm a clinical psychologist working with individuals and couples. With individuals, I use CBT, relational therapy, LGBTQIA+ affirmative therapy, exposure therapy, mindfulness-based approaches, and ethical consultation among others. I work with adults, children and adolescents. I'm a Certified Gottman Therapist and in couples therapy, I mix Gottman therapy and systemic approaches. I also offer discernment counselling to married couples with divorce ambivalence.
Hi! I'm a clinical psychologist working with individuals and couples. With individuals, I use CBT, relational therapy, LGBTQIA+ affirmative therapy, exposure therapy, mindfulness-based approaches, and ethical consultation among others. I work with adults, children and adolescents. I'm a Certified Gottman Therapist and in couples therapy, I mix Gottman therapy and systemic approaches. I also offer discernment counselling to married couples with divorce ambivalence.
0481 728 724 View 0481 728 724
Photo of Mary Gilbert, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Mary Gilbert
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Waterloo, NSW 2017
I am a Clinical Psychologist who is passionate about helping adults navigate various psychological and emotional challenges through increasing personal insight and the capacity for change. I am trained in treating various issues, some of which include anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, parenting difficulties, low self-esteem, communication and emotion-regulation difficulties. I provide a warm and collaborative space where challenges can be safely explored and worked through. I believe that a trusting and authentic relationship is integral to therapeutic progress and I place great emphasis on listening deeply and connecting.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who is passionate about helping adults navigate various psychological and emotional challenges through increasing personal insight and the capacity for change. I am trained in treating various issues, some of which include anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, parenting difficulties, low self-esteem, communication and emotion-regulation difficulties. I provide a warm and collaborative space where challenges can be safely explored and worked through. I believe that a trusting and authentic relationship is integral to therapeutic progress and I place great emphasis on listening deeply and connecting.
View
Photo of Brandon Scherrer, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Brandon Scherrer
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Waterloo, NSW 2017
Brandon has experience working with a range of referrals, including: eating disorders (including FBT Maudsley for Anorexia Nervosa), body image concerns, depression, anxiety, stress, obsessive-compulsive disorder, adjustment, mood, and interpersonal concerns. Brandon is particularly passionate about challenging society’s unrealistic body ideals and diet culture and advocates the principles of the Health at Every Size movement. He has developed a group therapy program, “My Body, My Narrative” that aims to build body confidence and empower young women to take an active stance against the media’s representation of their bodies.
Brandon has experience working with a range of referrals, including: eating disorders (including FBT Maudsley for Anorexia Nervosa), body image concerns, depression, anxiety, stress, obsessive-compulsive disorder, adjustment, mood, and interpersonal concerns. Brandon is particularly passionate about challenging society’s unrealistic body ideals and diet culture and advocates the principles of the Health at Every Size movement. He has developed a group therapy program, “My Body, My Narrative” that aims to build body confidence and empower young women to take an active stance against the media’s representation of their bodies.
(02) 9100 0658 View (02) 9100 0658
Photo of Dinah Broyda, Counsellor in Waterloo, NSW
Dinah Broyda
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Waterloo, NSW 2017
Dinah is an accredited counsellor, specialising in holistic, person-centred care to support you in living a meaningful and positive life. Over the years Dinah has worked with people who present with depression, anxiety, stress, life transitions and interpersonal issues. She ensures her practice is trauma informed to ensure a safe and welcoming environment. She specialises in LGBT topics such as Poly and ENM relationship styles, SW friendly, and Gender Identity.
Dinah is an accredited counsellor, specialising in holistic, person-centred care to support you in living a meaningful and positive life. Over the years Dinah has worked with people who present with depression, anxiety, stress, life transitions and interpersonal issues. She ensures her practice is trauma informed to ensure a safe and welcoming environment. She specialises in LGBT topics such as Poly and ENM relationship styles, SW friendly, and Gender Identity.
Photo of Luna Fumagalli, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Luna Fumagalli
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Waterloo, NSW 2017
I am a psychologist and couples therapist dedicated to helping individuals and couples enhance their overall wellbeing and relationships. I can assist with challenges such as conflicts, communication issues, intimacy concerns, relationship anxiety, trust issues, infidelity, attachment trauma. I have a particular interest and experience in supporting those with anxiety and addressing unhelpful behavioural patterns (e.g., procrastination, perfectionism, people-pleasing, and conflict avoidance). My practice is inclusive, welcoming all communities, especially LGBTQ+, CALD and POC.
I am a psychologist and couples therapist dedicated to helping individuals and couples enhance their overall wellbeing and relationships. I can assist with challenges such as conflicts, communication issues, intimacy concerns, relationship anxiety, trust issues, infidelity, attachment trauma. I have a particular interest and experience in supporting those with anxiety and addressing unhelpful behavioural patterns (e.g., procrastination, perfectionism, people-pleasing, and conflict avoidance). My practice is inclusive, welcoming all communities, especially LGBTQ+, CALD and POC.
(02) 9381 1510 View (02) 9381 1510
Photo of Elevate Psychologists - Vyda Chai, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Elevate Psychologists - Vyda Chai
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Waterloo, NSW 2017
Elevate Psychologists is here to help you resolve emotional issues, improve mental health and increase your overall quality of life. We are committed to providing the highest quality care to our patients and all interactions are strictly private & confidential.
Elevate Psychologists is here to help you resolve emotional issues, improve mental health and increase your overall quality of life. We are committed to providing the highest quality care to our patients and all interactions are strictly private & confidential.
(02) 9100 0508 View (02) 9100 0508
Photo of Eileen Seah, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Eileen Seah
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waterloo, NSW 2017
Eileen is a highly proficient clinical psychologist who provides a warm and supportive environment for you to learn strategies designed for a more fulfilled life. She delivers effective treatment for anxiety, stress, and perfectionism, as well as, a wide range of emotional and life issues, where therapy is tailored to your needs.
Eileen is a highly proficient clinical psychologist who provides a warm and supportive environment for you to learn strategies designed for a more fulfilled life. She delivers effective treatment for anxiety, stress, and perfectionism, as well as, a wide range of emotional and life issues, where therapy is tailored to your needs.
(02) 8294 5740 View (02) 8294 5740
Photo of Dylan Nicholls, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Dylan Nicholls
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Waterloo, NSW 2017
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, or trauma? As a Clinical Psychologist, I can provide a supportive environment for you to work through your struggles and develop the skills you need to lead a healthier life. I am currently offering online private and medicare-rebated psychology sessions.
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, or trauma? As a Clinical Psychologist, I can provide a supportive environment for you to work through your struggles and develop the skills you need to lead a healthier life. I am currently offering online private and medicare-rebated psychology sessions.
(02) 9100 0301 View (02) 9100 0301

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sahar Jaafar, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Sahar Jaafar
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Mascot, NSW 2020  (Online Only)
A little about me.. I describe myself as a warm and thoughtful clinician that values collaborative work in therapy. I have a deep curiosity for human behaviour and particular interests in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders. I have worked closely with adolescents and adults of various clinical presentations and in diverse practical settings ranging from public schools to correctional facilities.
A little about me.. I describe myself as a warm and thoughtful clinician that values collaborative work in therapy. I have a deep curiosity for human behaviour and particular interests in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders. I have worked closely with adolescents and adults of various clinical presentations and in diverse practical settings ranging from public schools to correctional facilities.
(02) 9100 0969 View (02) 9100 0969
Photo of Mike Carroll, MC Counselling, Counsellor in Waterloo, NSW
Mike Carroll, MC Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
I want to help you overcome the current challenges you are facing. You may be new to counselling and I want to make this a positive experience for you. I am a professional counsellor with lived experience of addiction and mental illness and I bring this knowledge to help you. Additionally, post pandemic, life is very different than it was four years ago and this maybe the reason you are seeking help. You may be unsure of why it is you are feeling the way you do and would like someone to talk to.
I want to help you overcome the current challenges you are facing. You may be new to counselling and I want to make this a positive experience for you. I am a professional counsellor with lived experience of addiction and mental illness and I bring this knowledge to help you. Additionally, post pandemic, life is very different than it was four years ago and this maybe the reason you are seeking help. You may be unsure of why it is you are feeling the way you do and would like someone to talk to.
(03) 6419 9437 View (03) 6419 9437
Photo of Esther Ogilvie in Waterloo, NSW
Esther Ogilvie
MSc
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
Do you suffer from unprocessed trauma or feel stuck, anxious, depressed? Are you experiencing sex or gender identity issues, interpersonal struggles or emotional dysregulation? This includes relationships with fear, self-doubt, shame and guilt, and major life transitions. Through our sessions you will see a change in your nervous system and emotional regulation, self-awareness of patterns and behaviours, self-compassion and a larger vitality for life. I offer support for individuals and couples experiencing relationship challenges particularly ethical non monogamy and kink. Couples will experience a new found sense of understanding.
Do you suffer from unprocessed trauma or feel stuck, anxious, depressed? Are you experiencing sex or gender identity issues, interpersonal struggles or emotional dysregulation? This includes relationships with fear, self-doubt, shame and guilt, and major life transitions. Through our sessions you will see a change in your nervous system and emotional regulation, self-awareness of patterns and behaviours, self-compassion and a larger vitality for life. I offer support for individuals and couples experiencing relationship challenges particularly ethical non monogamy and kink. Couples will experience a new found sense of understanding.
View
Photo of PsychBlossom, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
PsychBlossom
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Marrickville, NSW 2204
Cheryn is a Clinical Psychologist. Cheryn’s qualifications are a Bachelor of Social Science (Psychology) and a Master of Clinical Psychology. Cheryn loves her work and is a very dedicated, warm and engaging therapist, with a keen sense of the privilege and responsibility that her role involves. She enjoys accompanying her clients on their path through difficulty and grounds her work in an attuned and genuine understanding of her clients and their needs. ​ Cheryn has an affinity working with people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and her experience has enabled her to become resourceful in adapting therapies.
Cheryn is a Clinical Psychologist. Cheryn’s qualifications are a Bachelor of Social Science (Psychology) and a Master of Clinical Psychology. Cheryn loves her work and is a very dedicated, warm and engaging therapist, with a keen sense of the privilege and responsibility that her role involves. She enjoys accompanying her clients on their path through difficulty and grounds her work in an attuned and genuine understanding of her clients and their needs. ​ Cheryn has an affinity working with people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and her experience has enabled her to become resourceful in adapting therapies.
(02) 8105 5998 View (02) 8105 5998
Photo of Emma May Spencer, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Emma May Spencer
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
Emma is a Clinical Psychologist with 22 years experience in supporting the mental health of children adolescents and adults. She has a special interest in assessing neurodiversity and in supporting clients to discover and better understand their unique brain styles. Emma is trained in numerous evidence based therapies including CBT, ACT, EMDR, DBT, schema therapy, SFBT and Art & Play therapies. Emma's experience is varied and she provides support in relation to anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, phobia's and burnout related to ADHD and Autistic brain styles.
Emma is a Clinical Psychologist with 22 years experience in supporting the mental health of children adolescents and adults. She has a special interest in assessing neurodiversity and in supporting clients to discover and better understand their unique brain styles. Emma is trained in numerous evidence based therapies including CBT, ACT, EMDR, DBT, schema therapy, SFBT and Art & Play therapies. Emma's experience is varied and she provides support in relation to anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, phobia's and burnout related to ADHD and Autistic brain styles.
(02) 9909 6140 View (02) 9909 6140
Photo of Elise Emhofer, Psychologist in Waterloo, NSW
Elise Emhofer
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sydney, NSW 2000  (Online Only)
Hi, I am really looking forward to getting to know you and working together to achieve your therapy goals. I believe in a holistic approach to therapy, recognising that the psychological and physical both impact overall mental well-being and as such my approach to therapy includes elements of each in order to achieve lasting change. I have always believed that no one knows you better than yourself and while I will guide you along your journey, applying learned skills and maintaining changes at home is up to you. I recognise the importance of a client centred approach where we work together toward change and symptom management.
Hi, I am really looking forward to getting to know you and working together to achieve your therapy goals. I believe in a holistic approach to therapy, recognising that the psychological and physical both impact overall mental well-being and as such my approach to therapy includes elements of each in order to achieve lasting change. I have always believed that no one knows you better than yourself and while I will guide you along your journey, applying learned skills and maintaining changes at home is up to you. I recognise the importance of a client centred approach where we work together toward change and symptom management.
(07) 4800 9013 View (07) 4800 9013

See more therapy options for Waterloo

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Waterloo, NSW

10+

Average cost per session

$210

Counsellors in Waterloo, NSW who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
93% Stress
79% Self Esteem
64% Relationship Issues
64% Trauma and PTSD
57% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Medicare Rebates
56% Medibank Private
44% Bupa

How Counsellors in Waterloo, NSW see their clients

93% In Person and Online
7% Online Only

Gender breakdown

58% Female
42% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Waterloo?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.