Counselling in St Leonards, NSW

Photo of Janette Whitfield - Prime Counselling Services, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Prime Counselling Services
Counsellor, ACA-L2
St Leonards, NSW 2065
I am a counsellor with personal experience in overcoming challenges. My passion lies in empowering clients to transition from victim to victor, aiding them in rediscovering their true selves and taking control of their life. I have a strong interest in working with people who have BPD or are supporting someone with BPD. I also have experience working with people effected by DV and narcistic partner abuse. I offer support in a range of areas including depression, anxiety, rediscovering your true self, navigating life changes, and parenting challenges. I am a Christian and offer Christian counselling on request.
I am a counsellor with personal experience in overcoming challenges. My passion lies in empowering clients to transition from victim to victor, aiding them in rediscovering their true selves and taking control of their life. I have a strong interest in working with people who have BPD or are supporting someone with BPD. I also have experience working with people effected by DV and narcistic partner abuse. I offer support in a range of areas including depression, anxiety, rediscovering your true self, navigating life changes, and parenting challenges. I am a Christian and offer Christian counselling on request.
(07) 2801 6670 View (07) 2801 6670
Photo of Sharon Frances Cashel - WiseMind Clininical Psychology- Sharon , Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
WiseMind Clininical Psychology- Sharon
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
St Leonards, NSW 2065
My clients often come to me experiencing a wide range of challenges—such as mood and anxiety disorders, OCD, trauma and PTSD, personality disorders, eating disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, self-esteem, self-harm, grief, and family/parenting issues. I also carry expertise in supporting children and adolescents, and offering practical guidance to parents. Others may feel stuck, unmotivated, or uncertain about the future, and are seeking a safe space to understand and process what they’re going through.
My clients often come to me experiencing a wide range of challenges—such as mood and anxiety disorders, OCD, trauma and PTSD, personality disorders, eating disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, self-esteem, self-harm, grief, and family/parenting issues. I also carry expertise in supporting children and adolescents, and offering practical guidance to parents. Others may feel stuck, unmotivated, or uncertain about the future, and are seeking a safe space to understand and process what they’re going through.
0404 309 108 View 0404 309 108
Photo of Jane Turner, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Jane Turner
Psychologist, PsyBA General
St Leonards, NSW 2065
Sometimes life can feel overwhelming and it can be difficult to see a way forward. We often spend our time ruminating on things we did or that happened to us in the past or we may spend time worrying about things that have yet to happen. This can prevent us from living as fully as possible. Engaging in therapy with a psychologist can offer fresh perspectives and equip you with valuable tools to navigate uncomfortable thoughts and feelings. I am a registered psychologist with a warm, empathic, and curious manner, who aims to collaborate with my clients to provide person-centered, evidence-based and trauma informed treatment.
Sometimes life can feel overwhelming and it can be difficult to see a way forward. We often spend our time ruminating on things we did or that happened to us in the past or we may spend time worrying about things that have yet to happen. This can prevent us from living as fully as possible. Engaging in therapy with a psychologist can offer fresh perspectives and equip you with valuable tools to navigate uncomfortable thoughts and feelings. I am a registered psychologist with a warm, empathic, and curious manner, who aims to collaborate with my clients to provide person-centered, evidence-based and trauma informed treatment.
0479 103 838 View 0479 103 838
Photo of Anne de Silva, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Anne de Silva
Psychotherapist, PACFA
1 Endorsed
St Leonards, NSW 2065
You are infinitely more than your mind, so welcome to healing beyond words. As a Somatic Psychotherapist and Somatic Experiencing Practitioner, I apply a body-oriented approach to growth and change. We meet your intuitive knowing and deep curiosity by actively tapping into the connection between mind and body to ease suffering, renegotiate trauma and build resilience. Through safe therapeutic relationship, loving presence, and gentle guidance, together we re-pattern unhelpful imprints through experiences in the present. When we invite all of ourselves to show up and heal in a safe space, our strength and capacity for joy expand.
You are infinitely more than your mind, so welcome to healing beyond words. As a Somatic Psychotherapist and Somatic Experiencing Practitioner, I apply a body-oriented approach to growth and change. We meet your intuitive knowing and deep curiosity by actively tapping into the connection between mind and body to ease suffering, renegotiate trauma and build resilience. Through safe therapeutic relationship, loving presence, and gentle guidance, together we re-pattern unhelpful imprints through experiences in the present. When we invite all of ourselves to show up and heal in a safe space, our strength and capacity for joy expand.
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Photo of Gemma Illescas - Gemma | Sport & ADHD Psychologist , Psychologist, PsyBA General
Gemma | Sport & ADHD Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyBA General
St Leonards, NSW 2065
Sport & ADHD Psychology with practical tools for focus, growth and wellbeing. Whether you are an athlete or an ADHD brain, we help you train your mind like you train your body. We work with you to understand how your brain works, so you can manage emotions, stay focused and shop up at your best -day to day, and on and off the field.
Sport & ADHD Psychology with practical tools for focus, growth and wellbeing. Whether you are an athlete or an ADHD brain, we help you train your mind like you train your body. We work with you to understand how your brain works, so you can manage emotions, stay focused and shop up at your best -day to day, and on and off the field.
(02) 9158 6576 View (02) 9158 6576
Photo of Dr Pauline Hall, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Pauline Hall
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
St Leonards, NSW 2065
I am a clinical psychologist based in Sydney who works with individuals who appear high-functioning on the outside but carry anxiety, trauma, or deep emotional fatigue. My clients are often insightful and sensitive, seeking clarity, healing, and a more authentic way of living. They come to therapy not just to manage symptoms, but to understand themselves more deeply, break long-standing patterns, and feel seen in a safe and compassionate space. I support them with a thoughtful, integrative approach that honours both science and the human story.
I am a clinical psychologist based in Sydney who works with individuals who appear high-functioning on the outside but carry anxiety, trauma, or deep emotional fatigue. My clients are often insightful and sensitive, seeking clarity, healing, and a more authentic way of living. They come to therapy not just to manage symptoms, but to understand themselves more deeply, break long-standing patterns, and feel seen in a safe and compassionate space. I support them with a thoughtful, integrative approach that honours both science and the human story.
(02) 9411 7837 View (02) 9411 7837
Photo of Paul Dekkers - Arana Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Arana Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
St Leonards, NSW 2065
Paul is a Registered Psychologist with experience working primarily with adults. He is passionate about supporting individuals make meaningful change to their lives and helping them through challenging transitions. As well as strategies to assist with a range of issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, perfectionism, trauma & PTSD, and relationships, Paul has extensive experience working in the Workers Compensation space – supporting recovery and transition. To complement his training and practice as a psychologist, Paul draws on his many years of experience as a corporate professional. Originally from the UK, Paul has been a
Paul is a Registered Psychologist with experience working primarily with adults. He is passionate about supporting individuals make meaningful change to their lives and helping them through challenging transitions. As well as strategies to assist with a range of issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, perfectionism, trauma & PTSD, and relationships, Paul has extensive experience working in the Workers Compensation space – supporting recovery and transition. To complement his training and practice as a psychologist, Paul draws on his many years of experience as a corporate professional. Originally from the UK, Paul has been a
(02) 8074 5793 View (02) 8074 5793
Photo of Janet Yap, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Janet Yap
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
St Leonards, NSW 2065
I am a clinical psychologist with over 15 years experience in supporting adults on their mental health journey. I have expertise in working with people who are experiencing challenges in coping with the stress of everyday life - whether that is in managing difficult relationships, parenting, work-related stress or general burnout and anxiety. I am also passionate about helping people break free from childhood and family dysfunction that has impacted on their capacity to live full and meaningful lives. I have particular expertise in treating adults with emotion dysregulation and unhelpful coping behaviours.
I am a clinical psychologist with over 15 years experience in supporting adults on their mental health journey. I have expertise in working with people who are experiencing challenges in coping with the stress of everyday life - whether that is in managing difficult relationships, parenting, work-related stress or general burnout and anxiety. I am also passionate about helping people break free from childhood and family dysfunction that has impacted on their capacity to live full and meaningful lives. I have particular expertise in treating adults with emotion dysregulation and unhelpful coping behaviours.
(02) 9100 0565 View (02) 9100 0565
Photo of Helen McWilliam, Social Worker, AMHSW
Helen McWilliam
Social Worker, AMHSW
St Leonards, NSW 2065
At the heart of my practice is a client-centred approach, where I work collaboratively with my clients to assess their individual needs and develop tailored solutions that align with their identified goals.
At the heart of my practice is a client-centred approach, where I work collaboratively with my clients to assess their individual needs and develop tailored solutions that align with their identified goals.
0493 650 047 View 0493 650 047
Photo of Melanie Khashadorian - My Appletree, Psychologist, MA
My Appletree
Psychologist, MA
St Leonards, NSW 2065
We are a group of therapists who see relationships to be an essential part of a healthy life. Be this with your romantic partner, your child, your siblings or parents or even your friends and colleagues. We work with individuals, couples and children in a compassionate, culturally aware, neuro-affirming approach.
We are a group of therapists who see relationships to be an essential part of a healthy life. Be this with your romantic partner, your child, your siblings or parents or even your friends and colleagues. We work with individuals, couples and children in a compassionate, culturally aware, neuro-affirming approach.
(02) 8000 1430 View (02) 8000 1430
Photo of Susannah Kindred - Kind in Mind (Susannah Kindred), Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Kind in Mind (Susannah Kindred)
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
St Leonards, NSW 2065
You may be feeling overwhelmed, stuck, struggling to manage stress or feel like yourself. Perhaps you're facing challenges across performance anxiety, perfectionism, athlete or leadership wellbeing. You might be navigating a life transition, you want to feel more like yourself, or you simply want to grow. My clients tend to seek therapy to understand themselves more deeply, manage difficult emotions more effectively, and create a calmer, more connected and fulfilling life.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, stuck, struggling to manage stress or feel like yourself. Perhaps you're facing challenges across performance anxiety, perfectionism, athlete or leadership wellbeing. You might be navigating a life transition, you want to feel more like yourself, or you simply want to grow. My clients tend to seek therapy to understand themselves more deeply, manage difficult emotions more effectively, and create a calmer, more connected and fulfilling life.
0466 001 190 View 0466 001 190
Photo of Eddy Chiu - Biinu, Psychologist, MSc, MAPS
Biinu
Psychologist, MSc, MAPS
1 Endorsed
St Leonards, NSW 2065
From collaborating with different people through therapy over the years, I have noticed that even everyday people feel the effects of modern life on their mental health. This is because modern life comes with a lot of complexity and demands. Today, people pursue a combination of identity, lifestyle, fulfilment, achievement, supportive relationships, a work-life balance, financial gain, career progression, a bigger world purpose, and more. The pursuit is wonderful, however navigating these demands can strain our mental health over time.
From collaborating with different people through therapy over the years, I have noticed that even everyday people feel the effects of modern life on their mental health. This is because modern life comes with a lot of complexity and demands. Today, people pursue a combination of identity, lifestyle, fulfilment, achievement, supportive relationships, a work-life balance, financial gain, career progression, a bigger world purpose, and more. The pursuit is wonderful, however navigating these demands can strain our mental health over time.
(02) 9100 0528 View (02) 9100 0528
Photo of Suzanne Elizabeth Byrne, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Suzanne Elizabeth Byrne
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
St Leonards, NSW 2065
Suzanne brings years of experience in corporate settings to her work as a psychologist. After a career spent leading, supporting, and training others for success, she has followed her passion for helping clients of all ages to live a rich, full, and meaningful life. Suzanne takes a holistic, strengths-based approach to therapy and enjoys inspiring clients to overcome their challenges and achieve personal goals. In addition to individual and family counselling, Suzanne also provides formal psychometric and educational assessments for specific learning difficulties, dyslexia, and intellectual giftedness.
Suzanne brings years of experience in corporate settings to her work as a psychologist. After a career spent leading, supporting, and training others for success, she has followed her passion for helping clients of all ages to live a rich, full, and meaningful life. Suzanne takes a holistic, strengths-based approach to therapy and enjoys inspiring clients to overcome their challenges and achieve personal goals. In addition to individual and family counselling, Suzanne also provides formal psychometric and educational assessments for specific learning difficulties, dyslexia, and intellectual giftedness.
(02) 9100 0407 View (02) 9100 0407
Photo of Christine Kim - Christine Kim Principal Psychologist, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Christine Kim Principal Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyBA General
St Leonards, NSW 2065
Many clients come to counselling with a hope. This hope is an opportunity for the clients to change, to become someone they want to be. Using client's strengths, counselling can help them find a new direction in their lives. Christine Kim is a registered psychologist with a passion for, and experience in working with adolescents and adults in educational and clinical settings. For over 10 years, Christine has experience working across a range of psychological issues including depression, anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, social anxiety and a range of childhood anxiety disorders), bullying and work-related stress issues.
Many clients come to counselling with a hope. This hope is an opportunity for the clients to change, to become someone they want to be. Using client's strengths, counselling can help them find a new direction in their lives. Christine Kim is a registered psychologist with a passion for, and experience in working with adolescents and adults in educational and clinical settings. For over 10 years, Christine has experience working across a range of psychological issues including depression, anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, social anxiety and a range of childhood anxiety disorders), bullying and work-related stress issues.
(02) 8806 0035 View (02) 8806 0035
Photo of Jessica McGinty, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA Endorsed
Jessica McGinty
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA Endorsed
St Leonards, NSW 2065
Jessica is a Registered Psychologist, Clinical Neuropsychologist, and Board Approved Supervisor registered with the Psychology Board of Australia. She offers neuropsychological assessments, psychological therapy, and interventions for cognitive complaints such as memory, attention, concentration, and executive functioning. Jess maintains a strong focus on accurate diagnosis to ensure clients, carers, and families can access appropriate supports and interventions as quickly as possible.
Jessica is a Registered Psychologist, Clinical Neuropsychologist, and Board Approved Supervisor registered with the Psychology Board of Australia. She offers neuropsychological assessments, psychological therapy, and interventions for cognitive complaints such as memory, attention, concentration, and executive functioning. Jess maintains a strong focus on accurate diagnosis to ensure clients, carers, and families can access appropriate supports and interventions as quickly as possible.
(02) 8000 1070 View (02) 8000 1070
Photo of Dr Emma Keaveny Cook, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Emma Keaveny Cook
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
St Leonards, NSW 2065
Emma is an experienced Clinical Psychologist who enjoys working collaboratively with her clients to understand their current experiences and why they are seeking help. Emma is always keen to be guided by you as to how much we need to focus on the present and how much on the path that led you here.
Emma is an experienced Clinical Psychologist who enjoys working collaboratively with her clients to understand their current experiences and why they are seeking help. Emma is always keen to be guided by you as to how much we need to focus on the present and how much on the path that led you here.
(02) 8403 2765 View (02) 8403 2765
Photo of Anna Nicole Schwarz, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Anna Nicole Schwarz
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
St Leonards, NSW 2065
Anna Schwarz and her team are committed to supporting individuals and families in achieving optimal health and well-being. We are here to help you find ways through your challenges and to give you life skills to navigate when difficulties arise. We are here to walk beside you on this journey.
Anna Schwarz and her team are committed to supporting individuals and families in achieving optimal health and well-being. We are here to help you find ways through your challenges and to give you life skills to navigate when difficulties arise. We are here to walk beside you on this journey.
(02) 8000 1697 View (02) 8000 1697
Photo of Dr Daniel Kimber, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Daniel Kimber
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
St Leonards, NSW 2065
I am a Clinical Psychologist who is dedicated to helping people with a wide range of psychological and emotional challenges. These commonly include Anxiety, Depression, Addictions and Trauma, as well as difficulties related to Identity, Self-Esteem, Relationships, and Emotion Regulation. I aim to create a collaborative and authentic therapeutic relationship where it feels safe to speak freely and explore difficult emotions and experiences. Together, we’ll explore how your difficulties have developed, deepen your understanding of your inner world and find practical ways to move toward lasting, meaningful change.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who is dedicated to helping people with a wide range of psychological and emotional challenges. These commonly include Anxiety, Depression, Addictions and Trauma, as well as difficulties related to Identity, Self-Esteem, Relationships, and Emotion Regulation. I aim to create a collaborative and authentic therapeutic relationship where it feels safe to speak freely and explore difficult emotions and experiences. Together, we’ll explore how your difficulties have developed, deepen your understanding of your inner world and find practical ways to move toward lasting, meaningful change.
0422 866 131 View 0422 866 131
Photo of Megan Tregilgas - The Authentic Counsellor , Counsellor, ACA-L2
The Authentic Counsellor
Counsellor, ACA-L2
2 Endorsed
St Leonards, NSW 2065
Are you ready for change? Do you struggle with relationship patterns - codependency, people-pleasing, communication, boundary issues, and self-esteem challenges? Are you navigating life transitions whilst having emotional regulation difficulties. Your goals include healthier, better relationships, improved communication, stronger boundaries, increased self-awareness, and greater self-esteem. You would love to feel more connected and understood, break free from unhealthy patterns, and create fulfilling relationships. You are ready to invest in yourself for a more authentic life.
Are you ready for change? Do you struggle with relationship patterns - codependency, people-pleasing, communication, boundary issues, and self-esteem challenges? Are you navigating life transitions whilst having emotional regulation difficulties. Your goals include healthier, better relationships, improved communication, stronger boundaries, increased self-awareness, and greater self-esteem. You would love to feel more connected and understood, break free from unhealthy patterns, and create fulfilling relationships. You are ready to invest in yourself for a more authentic life.
0478 832 568 View 0478 832 568
Photo of Miranda Shtein - Miranda S Psychology, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Miranda S Psychology
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
St Leonards, NSW 2065
I am a warm and empathetic Registered Psychologist with extensive experience supporting people of all ages to lead healthier and happier lives by overcoming their concerns with practical solutions that empower them to achieve their goals. My treatment includes various issues, some of which include anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, parenting and relationship difficulties, low self-esteem, communication and emotion-regulation issues. I provide a warm and collaborative space where challenges can be safely explored and worked through. I also conduct ASD and ADHD assessments.
I am a warm and empathetic Registered Psychologist with extensive experience supporting people of all ages to lead healthier and happier lives by overcoming their concerns with practical solutions that empower them to achieve their goals. My treatment includes various issues, some of which include anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, parenting and relationship difficulties, low self-esteem, communication and emotion-regulation issues. I provide a warm and collaborative space where challenges can be safely explored and worked through. I also conduct ASD and ADHD assessments.
0421 149 299 View 0421 149 299

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in St Leonards, NSW

30+

Average cost per session

$240

Counsellors in St Leonards, NSW who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
81% Depression
75% Stress
72% Trauma and PTSD
63% Self Esteem
59% Relationship Issues
56% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Medicare Rebates
56% Bupa
44% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in St Leonards, NSW see their clients

97% In Person and Online
3% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
13% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in St Leonards?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.