Counselling in South Turramurra, NSW

Photo of Katherine Gambell, Counsellor, PACFA
Katherine Gambell
Counsellor, PACFA
Serves Area
Are you looking for someone to process life's issues with? Perhaps you have experienced trauma, abuse, domestic violence, relationship difficulties, grief, depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts or other issues that you keep you stuck. Are you looking for someone who will walk with you on the journey and seek to really understand you? Maybe you are looking for some deeper understanding of what is going on, some goals to aim for, or some tools to help you along the way? Maybe you just need someone to listen?
Are you looking for someone to process life's issues with? Perhaps you have experienced trauma, abuse, domestic violence, relationship difficulties, grief, depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts or other issues that you keep you stuck. Are you looking for someone who will walk with you on the journey and seek to really understand you? Maybe you are looking for some deeper understanding of what is going on, some goals to aim for, or some tools to help you along the way? Maybe you just need someone to listen?
(02) 8294 9321 View (02) 8294 9321
Photo of Susanne Verdal-Austin, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Susanne Verdal-Austin
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Online Only
My counselling draws on my belief that each client's treatment needs to be individualized to his or her unique history and life story, culture, values, strengths and needs. I believe in creating a safe, supportive and non - judgmental environment in which the client will be treated with respect and confidentiality. It is here that the client is supported in finding their value, healing and strength in resolving their struggles and pain. My sincere wish is for my clients to leave the counselling process changed and equipped with new skills to approach their future with confidence and resilience.
My counselling draws on my belief that each client's treatment needs to be individualized to his or her unique history and life story, culture, values, strengths and needs. I believe in creating a safe, supportive and non - judgmental environment in which the client will be treated with respect and confidentiality. It is here that the client is supported in finding their value, healing and strength in resolving their struggles and pain. My sincere wish is for my clients to leave the counselling process changed and equipped with new skills to approach their future with confidence and resilience.
(02) 7804 4069 View (02) 7804 4069

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Mauro Vieira, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Mauro Vieira
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Bar Point, NSW 2083
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected? I offer a compassionate, client-centered approach to therapy, often in nature, where deep reflection and healing happen naturally. With 15+ years of experience, I support children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families facing trauma, anxiety, and life transitions. Originally trained in Brazil, I hold postgraduate qualifications in Art Therapy and Psychological Practice and am a registered Australian psychologist. Let’s work together to help you find clarity and resilience.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected? I offer a compassionate, client-centered approach to therapy, often in nature, where deep reflection and healing happen naturally. With 15+ years of experience, I support children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families facing trauma, anxiety, and life transitions. Originally trained in Brazil, I hold postgraduate qualifications in Art Therapy and Psychological Practice and am a registered Australian psychologist. Let’s work together to help you find clarity and resilience.
(02) 9158 6184 View (02) 9158 6184
Photo of Christopher Tran, Psychologist, MAPS
Christopher Tran
Psychologist, MAPS
Surry Hills, NSW 2010
I focus on supporting people who come from immigrant families who want to be in more control of their own lives and be more self-efficient. This includes if you: 1) want to improve how you feel and think; 2) want more out of life; 3) want to be better equipped with dealing with family, partners, friends, colleagues or new people. So if you want to enhance your ability to manage emotions or your internal voice that’s critical of you, if you want to get motivated, enhance your effectiveness in an area of life or if you just want more balance, if you want to be more self-assured or if you want support with dealing with discrimination.
I focus on supporting people who come from immigrant families who want to be in more control of their own lives and be more self-efficient. This includes if you: 1) want to improve how you feel and think; 2) want more out of life; 3) want to be better equipped with dealing with family, partners, friends, colleagues or new people. So if you want to enhance your ability to manage emotions or your internal voice that’s critical of you, if you want to get motivated, enhance your effectiveness in an area of life or if you just want more balance, if you want to be more self-assured or if you want support with dealing with discrimination.
(02) 8105 5125 View (02) 8105 5125
Photo of Hayley Arjona, Psychotherapist, MA, AThR
Hayley Arjona
Psychotherapist, MA, AThR
Serves Area
Hi I'm available for sessions online & in person in North Central Victoria. Art has always been a part of my life. It has helped me connect deeply with others and explore new ways of being. I encourage others to do the same. I feel privileged in my role, as a professionally registered art therapist, to guide and support others in creative ways, towards holistic health and wellbeing. I’ve worked in community health with youth, adults, and families facing challenges with mental health, social and emotional wellbeing, relationship violence, discrimination, and oppression.
Hi I'm available for sessions online & in person in North Central Victoria. Art has always been a part of my life. It has helped me connect deeply with others and explore new ways of being. I encourage others to do the same. I feel privileged in my role, as a professionally registered art therapist, to guide and support others in creative ways, towards holistic health and wellbeing. I’ve worked in community health with youth, adults, and families facing challenges with mental health, social and emotional wellbeing, relationship violence, discrimination, and oppression.
(03) 4422 4233 View (03) 4422 4233
Photo of Mark Anns, Psychologist, PsyBA - Health Psych.
Mark Anns
Psychologist, PsyBA - Health Psych.
Sydney, NSW 2000
Many people struggle to incorporate healthy lifestyles into day to day living. Most of us know the behaviours that are recommended however, there are many challenges - structural, economic and personal that impact on us on a day to day basis. The end result can be a feeling of being overwhelmed and behaviours and thoughts that we feel we cannot control. Although it is not always possible to change structures we can build personal resilience and learn to control thoughts, feelings and behaviours. I offer services to assist you to achieve your goals - by gaining control over your feelings, and building resilience in how you react.
Many people struggle to incorporate healthy lifestyles into day to day living. Most of us know the behaviours that are recommended however, there are many challenges - structural, economic and personal that impact on us on a day to day basis. The end result can be a feeling of being overwhelmed and behaviours and thoughts that we feel we cannot control. Although it is not always possible to change structures we can build personal resilience and learn to control thoughts, feelings and behaviours. I offer services to assist you to achieve your goals - by gaining control over your feelings, and building resilience in how you react.
(02) 9159 6112 View (02) 9159 6112
Photo of Fiona Frances Halliday, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Fiona Frances Halliday
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Gordon, NSW 2072
I am a psychologist and therapist with 23 years of experience across organisations, counselling agencies and private practice. My approach is one of establishing a safe and deeply reflective space for each person to come into greater embodied awareness - with themselves, their needs, challenges and strengths. Together, we will discover the foundational values that matter most to you and find ways to align you and your actions with them. This path is uniquely yours and my role is to support and facilitate this so that you develop a stronger sense of meaning, connection and purpose.
I am a psychologist and therapist with 23 years of experience across organisations, counselling agencies and private practice. My approach is one of establishing a safe and deeply reflective space for each person to come into greater embodied awareness - with themselves, their needs, challenges and strengths. Together, we will discover the foundational values that matter most to you and find ways to align you and your actions with them. This path is uniquely yours and my role is to support and facilitate this so that you develop a stronger sense of meaning, connection and purpose.
(02) 8970 7574 View (02) 8970 7574
Photo of Caitlin Wright, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Caitlin Wright
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Parramatta, NSW 2150
I am a registered clinical psychologist, with a special interest in supporting adolescents & adults who have experienced trauma, including survivors of childhood trauma, PTSD and vicarious trauma. I have also worked with individuals experiencing relational problems, family issues, work-place stress, depression, and anxiety. My ideal client is one that is willing to be open & vulnerable with me, so that we are able to create a strong connection, so that we can understand what is going on with you.
I am a registered clinical psychologist, with a special interest in supporting adolescents & adults who have experienced trauma, including survivors of childhood trauma, PTSD and vicarious trauma. I have also worked with individuals experiencing relational problems, family issues, work-place stress, depression, and anxiety. My ideal client is one that is willing to be open & vulnerable with me, so that we are able to create a strong connection, so that we can understand what is going on with you.
(02) 7804 4338 View (02) 7804 4338
Photo of Lily Choi, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
Lily Choi
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Lily holds a Bachelor’s in Medicine, a Master’s in Theological Studies, a Diploma in Counseling, and a Professional Certificate in Integrative Christian Counseling. She is a DM of CCAA and has experience as a psychiatrist and pastoral counsellor. Fluent in Chinese, Lily specializes in counselling for Christians, spiritual growth; emotional disorders, adolescent emotional disorders, PTSD, interpersonal communication and so on. Lily 是医学学士,神学研究硕士,拥有专业基督徒心理咨询的整合心理咨询的学位和证书,教会客座讲员,曾在中国北京担任精神科医师,多年管理及教牧辅导经验。澳洲基督徒咨询师协会会员。 Lily的母语是中文,中文服务会有更好的效果。 Lily 擅长领域是基督徒的咨询,属灵生命的长进; 情绪障碍(包括伴有严重精神疾病症状的)、PTSD、青少年情绪障碍,人际关系、人际沟通、亲子关系等。
Lily holds a Bachelor’s in Medicine, a Master’s in Theological Studies, a Diploma in Counseling, and a Professional Certificate in Integrative Christian Counseling. She is a DM of CCAA and has experience as a psychiatrist and pastoral counsellor. Fluent in Chinese, Lily specializes in counselling for Christians, spiritual growth; emotional disorders, adolescent emotional disorders, PTSD, interpersonal communication and so on. Lily 是医学学士,神学研究硕士,拥有专业基督徒心理咨询的整合心理咨询的学位和证书,教会客座讲员,曾在中国北京担任精神科医师,多年管理及教牧辅导经验。澳洲基督徒咨询师协会会员。 Lily的母语是中文,中文服务会有更好的效果。 Lily 擅长领域是基督徒的咨询,属灵生命的长进; 情绪障碍(包括伴有严重精神疾病症状的)、PTSD、青少年情绪障碍,人际关系、人际沟通、亲子关系等。
(02) 8403 1509 View (02) 8403 1509
Photo of Dr Amelia Sarah Haines, MBBS
Dr Amelia Sarah Haines
Verified Verified
Botany, NSW 2019
I am a medical practitioner interested in caring for the body, mind and the connection between them. I have worked in sexual health, mental health and relationship therapy for over 20 years. Trained in focused psychological strategies, I am also a qualified mediator.
I am a medical practitioner interested in caring for the body, mind and the connection between them. I have worked in sexual health, mental health and relationship therapy for over 20 years. Trained in focused psychological strategies, I am also a qualified mediator.
(02) 8000 1262 View (02) 8000 1262
Photo of Kelly Kakakios, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Kelly Kakakios
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
Sydney, NSW 2000
Kelly believes in harnessing the inherent strengths of her clients to help them heal and thrive. She understands that everyone is unique and, therefore, tailors therapy to meet the specific needs and goals of each client. Kelly is committed to evidence-based practices and continually integrates the latest research and techniques into her work. Through a collaborative and client-centred approach, she ensures that therapy is not only effective but also aligned with the values and goals of her clients.
Kelly believes in harnessing the inherent strengths of her clients to help them heal and thrive. She understands that everyone is unique and, therefore, tailors therapy to meet the specific needs and goals of each client. Kelly is committed to evidence-based practices and continually integrates the latest research and techniques into her work. Through a collaborative and client-centred approach, she ensures that therapy is not only effective but also aligned with the values and goals of her clients.
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Photo of Saba Larijani - Faheem Transpersonal Therapy and Coaching, MSc
Hi there, I'm Saba. Informed by my Master of Science in Consciousness, Spirituality and Transpersonal Psychology, as well as my lived experiences, I am committed to helping individuals facing a range of well-being challenges. By delving into the origins of our beliefs and feelings through conscious and compassionate self-exploration, we uncover unique resources within ourselves and our environment that allow us to meet our challenges; physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually and in connection with others. Consequently, we flourish in Self-led, whole-person, balance and harmony.
Hi there, I'm Saba. Informed by my Master of Science in Consciousness, Spirituality and Transpersonal Psychology, as well as my lived experiences, I am committed to helping individuals facing a range of well-being challenges. By delving into the origins of our beliefs and feelings through conscious and compassionate self-exploration, we uncover unique resources within ourselves and our environment that allow us to meet our challenges; physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually and in connection with others. Consequently, we flourish in Self-led, whole-person, balance and harmony.
(02) 9100 0887 View (02) 9100 0887
Photo of Jessica Lorna Crowther - Wildflower Psychology and Assessments, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Wildflower Psychology and Assessments
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Richmond, NSW 2753
Hi, I’m Jessica. I am a psychologist, a mother, neurodivergent, and a flower lover. I have been described as having a quiet confidence, calming vibe, and quirky persona. I aim to be authentic and unmasked in our interactions together so that you feel comfortable to be yourself. I am passionate about holding space for those who need it. My driving force is to be the psychologist who I would want to support my own loved ones. I believe each client is special, worthy of connection, and that their story deserves to be heard. My approach is never to fix. It is to support.
Hi, I’m Jessica. I am a psychologist, a mother, neurodivergent, and a flower lover. I have been described as having a quiet confidence, calming vibe, and quirky persona. I aim to be authentic and unmasked in our interactions together so that you feel comfortable to be yourself. I am passionate about holding space for those who need it. My driving force is to be the psychologist who I would want to support my own loved ones. I believe each client is special, worthy of connection, and that their story deserves to be heard. My approach is never to fix. It is to support.
0434 000 116 View 0434 000 116
Photo of Andrea Michelle Schilder, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Andrea Michelle Schilder
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Camperdown, NSW 2050
Clinical Psychologist working in Camperdown with 20 years experience treating a wide range of mental health problems including anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, adjustment disorder and psychotic illness.
Clinical Psychologist working in Camperdown with 20 years experience treating a wide range of mental health problems including anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, adjustment disorder and psychotic illness.
(02) 9159 6581 View (02) 9159 6581
Photo of Gill S H Walker, Psychologist, MAPS
Gill S H Walker
Psychologist, MAPS
Manly, NSW 2095
I cultivate change when invited to examine your mounting challenges, & accompany you along your journey, as required. I tend to your needs & resources as you transition, while we face issues together, & grow your capacity to journey beyond me. This may involve an exploration of the past, or practical focus on here & now strategies & approaches, which influence the map of your life journey you are carving. You guide me with expertise of your needs, wants & experiences, to plan a route forward, drawing on a variety of evidence-based methods I offer.
I cultivate change when invited to examine your mounting challenges, & accompany you along your journey, as required. I tend to your needs & resources as you transition, while we face issues together, & grow your capacity to journey beyond me. This may involve an exploration of the past, or practical focus on here & now strategies & approaches, which influence the map of your life journey you are carving. You guide me with expertise of your needs, wants & experiences, to plan a route forward, drawing on a variety of evidence-based methods I offer.
(02) 9158 6583 View (02) 9158 6583
Photo of Sylvia Chen, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Sylvia Chen
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Gordon, NSW 2072
I am a trauma-informed clinical counsellor, Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (SEP), gong sound healer, breathwork facilitator that firmly believes in the value of human life. I have experience in a range of areas including marriage/relationship, anxiety and stress, trauma, depression, attachment, family of origin issues, parenting, grief & loss, personal growth & development, special need supports and chronic health related concerns. ​I am warm, caring and insightful. I am here to support your integration, and all of the various parts of your personality and being, into a balanced and joyful whole, made up of body, mind and soul.
I am a trauma-informed clinical counsellor, Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (SEP), gong sound healer, breathwork facilitator that firmly believes in the value of human life. I have experience in a range of areas including marriage/relationship, anxiety and stress, trauma, depression, attachment, family of origin issues, parenting, grief & loss, personal growth & development, special need supports and chronic health related concerns. ​I am warm, caring and insightful. I am here to support your integration, and all of the various parts of your personality and being, into a balanced and joyful whole, made up of body, mind and soul.
(02) 8403 0049 View (02) 8403 0049
Photo of Sarah Milan - Clearing Clouds Counselling, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Clearing Clouds Counselling
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Online Only
If you feel stressed and unsure how to get your life to be enjoyable again, I can help you re-set, increase your self esteem and think clearly again. I have successfully worked with many clients who have been in extremely difficult emotional and practical situations where we worked together to unlock their freedom and growth towards increased quality of life and empowerment.
If you feel stressed and unsure how to get your life to be enjoyable again, I can help you re-set, increase your self esteem and think clearly again. I have successfully worked with many clients who have been in extremely difficult emotional and practical situations where we worked together to unlock their freedom and growth towards increased quality of life and empowerment.
(02) 8403 2265 View (02) 8403 2265
Photo of April Morrison - April Morrison (Concession rates available), Counsellor
Whether you're navigating the complexities of individual challenges, exploring dynamics within a partnership, or dealing with the unique intricacies of non-traditional relationship structures, I’m here to help. I offer a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions openly. I am kink-friendly, sex-positive, and supportive of all relationship styles, recognizing that every relationship is as unique as the people in it.
Whether you're navigating the complexities of individual challenges, exploring dynamics within a partnership, or dealing with the unique intricacies of non-traditional relationship structures, I’m here to help. I offer a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions openly. I am kink-friendly, sex-positive, and supportive of all relationship styles, recognizing that every relationship is as unique as the people in it.
(08) 7523 4586 View (08) 7523 4586
Photo of Peter Samii, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Peter Samii
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Macquarie Park, NSW 2113
Peter Samii, a qualified counsellor registered with the Australian Counselling Association, provides a compassionate and collaborative approach to therapy. He helps clients navigate life’s challenges by fostering both short-term and long-term solutions, enabling them to build greater self-confidence, self-awareness, and personal growth. Peter specialises in trauma and PTSD counselling, relationship and couples therapy, anger management, and grief and loss counselling.
Peter Samii, a qualified counsellor registered with the Australian Counselling Association, provides a compassionate and collaborative approach to therapy. He helps clients navigate life’s challenges by fostering both short-term and long-term solutions, enabling them to build greater self-confidence, self-awareness, and personal growth. Peter specialises in trauma and PTSD counselling, relationship and couples therapy, anger management, and grief and loss counselling.
(02) 7804 4604 View (02) 7804 4604
Photo of Louise Ford - Amani Counselling, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Amani Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Online Only
I work with children, teens, and adults, offering a safe and supportive space to talk, heal, and grow. For kids who struggle with anxiety, trauma, or school refusal, I help them build confidence and coping skills while also guiding parents on how to best support their child. For adults, whether you're feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or just need someone to talk to, I provide a space to explore your thoughts and find a path forward. My approach is warm, down-to-earth, and focused on what works best for you.
I work with children, teens, and adults, offering a safe and supportive space to talk, heal, and grow. For kids who struggle with anxiety, trauma, or school refusal, I help them build confidence and coping skills while also guiding parents on how to best support their child. For adults, whether you're feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or just need someone to talk to, I provide a space to explore your thoughts and find a path forward. My approach is warm, down-to-earth, and focused on what works best for you.
(07) 4802 5063 View (07) 4802 5063

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in South Turramurra, NSW

< 10

Counsellors in South Turramurra, NSW who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Addiction
100% Domestic Abuse
100% Bereavement
100% Parenting

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Other
100% Bupa
100% CUA Health

How Counsellors in South Turramurra, NSW see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in South Turramurra?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.