Counselling in Russell Lea, NSW

Photo of Silvana Cannavo, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Silvana Cannavo
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Russell Lea, NSW 2046
Over the past 25 years as a Psychologist, I have gained extensive experience in supporting children, adolescents, & adults from diverse cultural backgrounds and life experiences. Many of the individuals I work with are navigating the impacts of trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, chronic stress, and/or significant life transitions. My therapeutic approach is rooted in the belief that healing is not just about symptom reduction, but about restoring balance and wholeness. I honour the innate intelligence of both body and psyche as active partners in healing—each holding wisdom, stories, and the capacity for growth and transformation.
Over the past 25 years as a Psychologist, I have gained extensive experience in supporting children, adolescents, & adults from diverse cultural backgrounds and life experiences. Many of the individuals I work with are navigating the impacts of trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, chronic stress, and/or significant life transitions. My therapeutic approach is rooted in the belief that healing is not just about symptom reduction, but about restoring balance and wholeness. I honour the innate intelligence of both body and psyche as active partners in healing—each holding wisdom, stories, and the capacity for growth and transformation.
0489 207 225 View 0489 207 225
Photo of Trix Harvey, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Trix Harvey
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Russell Lea, NSW 2046
As a dedicated and compassionate counselor, Trix is committed to providing exceptional care to clients seeking support and guidance. With a background in working with refugee trauma and 10 years of experience, She offers a wealth of expertise in trauma counseling, e.g. anxiety, trauma recovery, relationship issues, etc. She believes in a holistic approach to counseling and neuro plasticity, addressing the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit and working with a bio-psycho-social model of treatment. Through evidence-based techniques and personalized treatment plans, she strive to empower individuals to overcome challenges.
As a dedicated and compassionate counselor, Trix is committed to providing exceptional care to clients seeking support and guidance. With a background in working with refugee trauma and 10 years of experience, She offers a wealth of expertise in trauma counseling, e.g. anxiety, trauma recovery, relationship issues, etc. She believes in a holistic approach to counseling and neuro plasticity, addressing the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit and working with a bio-psycho-social model of treatment. Through evidence-based techniques and personalized treatment plans, she strive to empower individuals to overcome challenges.
(02) 8355 9713 View (02) 8355 9713
Photo of Rechelle Lucienne Rebecca Carroll - Emerge Counselling & Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Emerge Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Serves Area
Hello, I am Rechelle - EMDR Practitioner, Accredited Mental Health Social Worker, registered Psychotherapist, Counsellor. I work with adults, couples & adolescents (16+) Trauma / PTSD, grief and loss, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, stress related issues, chronic pain, veterans, perinatal mental health & addiction issues. I help people get to know themselves & their wounds and patterns better, live a deeper, more meaningful, fulfilling and enriched life. I am also able to accept Mental Health Care Plan (Medicare) Victims Services Clients, NDIS, EAP + private health insurance clients that are appropriately covered.
Hello, I am Rechelle - EMDR Practitioner, Accredited Mental Health Social Worker, registered Psychotherapist, Counsellor. I work with adults, couples & adolescents (16+) Trauma / PTSD, grief and loss, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, stress related issues, chronic pain, veterans, perinatal mental health & addiction issues. I help people get to know themselves & their wounds and patterns better, live a deeper, more meaningful, fulfilling and enriched life. I am also able to accept Mental Health Care Plan (Medicare) Victims Services Clients, NDIS, EAP + private health insurance clients that are appropriately covered.
(02) 9100 0359 View (02) 9100 0359
Photo of Angela Soddu, Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Angela Soddu
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe that connection, collaboration, and respect for client autonomy are central to effective therapy. I am an empathetic, person-centred therapist, that trusts in your inner capacity for growth and self-awareness. I tailor therapy to your individual needs and support you in reconnecting with your body, as a way to process and integrate emotional experiences. Together, we explore the connection between feelings and how they show up, in a grounded down-to-earth way. With curiosity and compassion, I walk alongside you as we uncover your strengths and support lasting emotional and mental wellbeing.
I believe that connection, collaboration, and respect for client autonomy are central to effective therapy. I am an empathetic, person-centred therapist, that trusts in your inner capacity for growth and self-awareness. I tailor therapy to your individual needs and support you in reconnecting with your body, as a way to process and integrate emotional experiences. Together, we explore the connection between feelings and how they show up, in a grounded down-to-earth way. With curiosity and compassion, I walk alongside you as we uncover your strengths and support lasting emotional and mental wellbeing.
(02) 8261 0421 View (02) 8261 0421

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Desiree Loveridge, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Desiree Loveridge
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Annandale, NSW 2038
Are you looking for an experienced psychologist who can listen and help you look after your mental health and wellbeing?
Are you looking for an experienced psychologist who can listen and help you look after your mental health and wellbeing?
(02) 9538 7093 View (02) 9538 7093
Photo of Istvan Schreiner - Clinical Psychology & Counselling Centre, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Clinical Psychology & Counselling Centre
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Edgecliff, NSW 2027
We are a small group of psychologists, providing individual and couples counselling and psychological assessments. We treat depression, anxiety, alcohol and substance use issues, relationship difficulties and a wide range of emotional and psychological problems. We can arrange assessments and provide reports for legal and individual purposes. All our psychologists are Medicare approved and registered with private health insurers. Call us to find out more information.
We are a small group of psychologists, providing individual and couples counselling and psychological assessments. We treat depression, anxiety, alcohol and substance use issues, relationship difficulties and a wide range of emotional and psychological problems. We can arrange assessments and provide reports for legal and individual purposes. All our psychologists are Medicare approved and registered with private health insurers. Call us to find out more information.
(02) 8069 5406 View (02) 8069 5406
Photo of Petra Lansdown, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Petra Lansdown
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Ryde, NSW 2112
Petra is a Registered Counsellor with experience in a range of counselling roles within the healthcare industry. She provides a safe, confidential, and supportive space for individuals to explore their challenges. Petra understands that every person is unique, which is why she offers a person-centered approach tailored to each client’s specific needs.
Petra is a Registered Counsellor with experience in a range of counselling roles within the healthcare industry. She provides a safe, confidential, and supportive space for individuals to explore their challenges. Petra understands that every person is unique, which is why she offers a person-centered approach tailored to each client’s specific needs.
(02) 7804 4695 View (02) 7804 4695
Photo of Dani Bultitude - The Divergent Edge , Social Worker, AMHSW
The Divergent Edge
Social Worker, AMHSW
Online Only
We work with adults with ADHD, providing a range of neurodivergent affirming services. Therapeutic ADHD coaching is a service unique to TDE which combines counselling and ADHD coaching providing holistic support. Leadership & ADHD careers coaching provides workplace support. Assessment services for adult autism and ADHD. Clinical supervision.
We work with adults with ADHD, providing a range of neurodivergent affirming services. Therapeutic ADHD coaching is a service unique to TDE which combines counselling and ADHD coaching providing holistic support. Leadership & ADHD careers coaching provides workplace support. Assessment services for adult autism and ADHD. Clinical supervision.
(02) 8403 0031 View (02) 8403 0031
Photo of Samantha G Long, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Samantha G Long
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Online Only
Counselling can help you gain clarity, stay focused, and discover your true purpose and meaning in your life. My approach to Counselling is not a one-size-fits-all philosophy, it is to provide a welcoming, safe, non-judgmental space and a listening ear where you feel comfortable, respected and free to explore your reasons for getting in touch in the first place. Your desire to grow, develop and explore change will ultimately lead you to live that fulfilling and happy life! Samantha is a lived experience therapist who has personal experience in mental health, providing her with a unique perspective and understanding of her clients.
Counselling can help you gain clarity, stay focused, and discover your true purpose and meaning in your life. My approach to Counselling is not a one-size-fits-all philosophy, it is to provide a welcoming, safe, non-judgmental space and a listening ear where you feel comfortable, respected and free to explore your reasons for getting in touch in the first place. Your desire to grow, develop and explore change will ultimately lead you to live that fulfilling and happy life! Samantha is a lived experience therapist who has personal experience in mental health, providing her with a unique perspective and understanding of her clients.
(02) 8074 5947 View (02) 8074 5947
Photo of Paula Garrido, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Paula Garrido
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome to a safe & person-centered approach; Clinical Psychologist Paula provides evidence-based Telehealth therapy in a safe, warm, supportive, and non-judgmental space, helping NDIS participants feel heard, valued, and empowered to build self-confidence and achieve their goals. -Experienced in: Autism, Aspergers, ADHD, trauma, PTSD, Complex PTSD (complex and prolonged Traumatic experiences), Anxiety, OCD, Depression, Psychosis, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective, Excessive worry (GAD) Bipolar Disorder, Delusional Disorder, Intellectual Disability, Acquired Brain Injury (ABI), Agoraphobia, Specific Phobias, social anxiety disorder.
Welcome to a safe & person-centered approach; Clinical Psychologist Paula provides evidence-based Telehealth therapy in a safe, warm, supportive, and non-judgmental space, helping NDIS participants feel heard, valued, and empowered to build self-confidence and achieve their goals. -Experienced in: Autism, Aspergers, ADHD, trauma, PTSD, Complex PTSD (complex and prolonged Traumatic experiences), Anxiety, OCD, Depression, Psychosis, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective, Excessive worry (GAD) Bipolar Disorder, Delusional Disorder, Intellectual Disability, Acquired Brain Injury (ABI), Agoraphobia, Specific Phobias, social anxiety disorder.
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Photo of Adiba Icho, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Adiba Icho
Psychologist, PsyBA General
2 Endorsed
Woolloomooloo, NSW 2011
I am a Registered Psychologist (Clinical Psychology Registrar) and Board Approved Supervisor with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA).
I am a Registered Psychologist (Clinical Psychology Registrar) and Board Approved Supervisor with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA).
0478 262 400 View 0478 262 400
Photo of Samantha Shepherd - Ability To Thrive Counselling and Life Coaching, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Ability To Thrive Counselling and Life Coaching
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
Welcome, I'm Samantha a registered Counsellor, Psychosocial Recovery Coach and Supervisor offering support both via telehealth and face to face. My approach to counselling is bound in empathy and compassion through which I provide a safe, nonjudgemental space working collaboratively to encourage and empower clients to navigate challenges in their life and achieve their goals. Whether you're dealing with addiction, anxiety, trauma, disability, carer burnout, emotional regulation, relationship challenges, work related stress, or just seeking personal growth, I'm here to support you on your journey every step of the way.
Welcome, I'm Samantha a registered Counsellor, Psychosocial Recovery Coach and Supervisor offering support both via telehealth and face to face. My approach to counselling is bound in empathy and compassion through which I provide a safe, nonjudgemental space working collaboratively to encourage and empower clients to navigate challenges in their life and achieve their goals. Whether you're dealing with addiction, anxiety, trauma, disability, carer burnout, emotional regulation, relationship challenges, work related stress, or just seeking personal growth, I'm here to support you on your journey every step of the way.
(07) 3477 9563 View (07) 3477 9563
Photo of Rebecca Kozman, Counsellor, PACFA
Rebecca Kozman
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
I’m Bec and I’m a dog-loving, beach-going, adventure-seeking psychotherapist and counsellor dedicated to helping people recognise their strengths and provide wellbeing support. I am particularly passionate about helping people embrace life and develop the strength and tools to live life to the fullest extent.
I’m Bec and I’m a dog-loving, beach-going, adventure-seeking psychotherapist and counsellor dedicated to helping people recognise their strengths and provide wellbeing support. I am particularly passionate about helping people embrace life and develop the strength and tools to live life to the fullest extent.
(02) 8609 3776 View (02) 8609 3776
Photo of Dana Yalouz - DY Psychology | Dana Yalouz Psychology , Psychologist, PsyBA General
DY Psychology | Dana Yalouz Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Bondi Junction, NSW 2022
I am a registered psychologist, experienced trauma and accredited EMDR Therapist dedicated to helping individuals heal, grow, and navigate life’s challenges. My approach is holistic and client-centred, integrating the mind-body connection to foster self-awareness, resilience, and meaningful change. I use a parts-based approach with EMDR Therapy to help clients safely process past negative experiences. Whether you’re seeking support for anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, personal growth, or other mental health issues, I provide a safe, compassionate, and supportive space tailored to your unique needs.
I am a registered psychologist, experienced trauma and accredited EMDR Therapist dedicated to helping individuals heal, grow, and navigate life’s challenges. My approach is holistic and client-centred, integrating the mind-body connection to foster self-awareness, resilience, and meaningful change. I use a parts-based approach with EMDR Therapy to help clients safely process past negative experiences. Whether you’re seeking support for anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, personal growth, or other mental health issues, I provide a safe, compassionate, and supportive space tailored to your unique needs.
(02) 9100 0763 View (02) 9100 0763
Photo of Lynette Cullen, Social Worker, AMHSW
Lynette Cullen
Social Worker, AMHSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, overwhelm or past trauma? Do you want to deepen your self-awareness, explore challenges or behaviours that are holding you back from achieving your goals? Maybe you are transitioning to another life stage and feel lost. I offer a respectful, safe, supportive, non-judgemental space to explore your concerns; I bring 15 years experience, and personal character strengths of Love, Kindness, Honesty, Creativity and Humour.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, overwhelm or past trauma? Do you want to deepen your self-awareness, explore challenges or behaviours that are holding you back from achieving your goals? Maybe you are transitioning to another life stage and feel lost. I offer a respectful, safe, supportive, non-judgemental space to explore your concerns; I bring 15 years experience, and personal character strengths of Love, Kindness, Honesty, Creativity and Humour.
(08) 7184 0205 View (08) 7184 0205
Photo of Ali Dee, Counsellor, ACA-L3
Ali Dee
Counsellor, ACA-L3
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Ali and my passion is to see people flourish in the life they are living and to support them on their journey. Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, emotional pain, trauma, self-worth? Together we can create a safe space to share concerns and provide you with support as you explore new strategies and grow to understand yourself better and move forward in life. I am person-centered and integrative in my approach, making use of skills in ACT, CBT, mindfulness and coming from a compassionate trauma informed perspective and work with each person as an individual.
Hi, I'm Ali and my passion is to see people flourish in the life they are living and to support them on their journey. Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, emotional pain, trauma, self-worth? Together we can create a safe space to share concerns and provide you with support as you explore new strategies and grow to understand yourself better and move forward in life. I am person-centered and integrative in my approach, making use of skills in ACT, CBT, mindfulness and coming from a compassionate trauma informed perspective and work with each person as an individual.
(08) 6206 8871 View (08) 6206 8871
Photo of Alison Turner, Psychologist, PhD, MAPS
Alison Turner
Psychologist, PhD, MAPS
North Ryde, NSW 2113
Alison provides a thoughtful, respectful and caring environment for personal growth, change and well being. Alison’s approach to therapy is based on providing treatment that is tailored to the particular needs, circumstances and personality of her clients. Alison Turner PhD is a Counselling Psychologist and Psychotherapist, she has many years of experience in private practice where she sees individuals, couples, families and children.
Alison provides a thoughtful, respectful and caring environment for personal growth, change and well being. Alison’s approach to therapy is based on providing treatment that is tailored to the particular needs, circumstances and personality of her clients. Alison Turner PhD is a Counselling Psychologist and Psychotherapist, she has many years of experience in private practice where she sees individuals, couples, families and children.
(02) 8074 1784 View (02) 8074 1784
Photo of Dominique Caesar - Peer Collaborations, Social Worker, AMHSW
Peer Collaborations
Social Worker, AMHSW
Online Only
I’m Dom Caesar (they/them), an autistic and queer social worker. I work with people aged 16 and up, and I especially welcome those who identify as neurodivergent, queer, trans, or who have felt misunderstood or unsupported in traditional therapy settings. Some topics I love exploring with people include unpacking burnout, emotional exhaustion, or the toll of masking; exploring identity, including neurodivergence, gender, sexuality, and how these intersect; learning how to communicate your needs and boundaries; navigating systems (like workplaces, schools or families); and anything else that feels meaningful to you!
I’m Dom Caesar (they/them), an autistic and queer social worker. I work with people aged 16 and up, and I especially welcome those who identify as neurodivergent, queer, trans, or who have felt misunderstood or unsupported in traditional therapy settings. Some topics I love exploring with people include unpacking burnout, emotional exhaustion, or the toll of masking; exploring identity, including neurodivergence, gender, sexuality, and how these intersect; learning how to communicate your needs and boundaries; navigating systems (like workplaces, schools or families); and anything else that feels meaningful to you!
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Photo of Paul Dekkers - Arana Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Arana Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
St Leonards, NSW 2065
Paul is a Registered Psychologist with experience working primarily with adults. He is passionate about supporting individuals make meaningful change to their lives and helping them through challenging transitions. As well as strategies to assist with a range of issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, perfectionism, trauma & PTSD, and relationships, Paul has extensive experience working in the Workers Compensation space – supporting recovery and transition. To complement his training and practice as a psychologist, Paul draws on his many years of experience as a corporate professional. Originally from the UK, Paul has been a
Paul is a Registered Psychologist with experience working primarily with adults. He is passionate about supporting individuals make meaningful change to their lives and helping them through challenging transitions. As well as strategies to assist with a range of issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, perfectionism, trauma & PTSD, and relationships, Paul has extensive experience working in the Workers Compensation space – supporting recovery and transition. To complement his training and practice as a psychologist, Paul draws on his many years of experience as a corporate professional. Originally from the UK, Paul has been a
(02) 8074 5793 View (02) 8074 5793
Photo of Lina Zhang - Lina Zhang (Mandarin & English), Social Worker, MC, AASW
Lina Zhang (Mandarin & English)
Social Worker, MC, AASW
Serves Area
Hi, I'm an Accredited Social Worker and Counsellor with a deep commitment to supporting individuals through their healing journey. I hold dual master's degrees in Social Work & Counselling. I am an approved counsellor with Victim Services with extensive experience in supporting people suffering trauma with an integrated approach. I also bring many years of clinical experience working with people impacted by mental illness like depression, anxiety, trauma and complex PTSD. My approach is trauma-informed, drawing on both counselling and social work frameworks to support the whole person.
Hi, I'm an Accredited Social Worker and Counsellor with a deep commitment to supporting individuals through their healing journey. I hold dual master's degrees in Social Work & Counselling. I am an approved counsellor with Victim Services with extensive experience in supporting people suffering trauma with an integrated approach. I also bring many years of clinical experience working with people impacted by mental illness like depression, anxiety, trauma and complex PTSD. My approach is trauma-informed, drawing on both counselling and social work frameworks to support the whole person.
(07) 2100 4592 View (07) 2100 4592

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Russell Lea, NSW

< 10

Counsellors in Russell Lea, NSW who prioritize treating:

75% Depression
75% Anxiety
75% Trauma and PTSD
50% Relationship Issues
50% Chronic Pain
50% Grief
50% Divorce

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% NDIS
67% Other
67% CUA Health

How Counsellors in Russell Lea, NSW see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Russell Lea?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.