Counselling in Pottsville, NSW

Photo of Ben Bramston, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Ben Bramston
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Pottsville, NSW 2489
As a psychologist, I have the privilege of working with you to identify and heal the core issues driving the behaviour causing you pain. It gives me great joy to meet people who are eager to know themselves better and awaken their spiritual essence. When Life is going wrong, I believe life isn’t just happening to you; it’s happening for you to heal parts of self that are caught in a negative emotional cycle.
As a psychologist, I have the privilege of working with you to identify and heal the core issues driving the behaviour causing you pain. It gives me great joy to meet people who are eager to know themselves better and awaken their spiritual essence. When Life is going wrong, I believe life isn’t just happening to you; it’s happening for you to heal parts of self that are caught in a negative emotional cycle.
(02) 5657 0965 View (02) 5657 0965
Photo of Jane Schneider, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Jane Schneider
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Pottsville, NSW 2489
Not accepting new clients
Jane is an experienced Clinical Psychologist and Board-approved Supervisor with a warm, compassionate and integrative therapeutic approach. She offers therapy for adults, children, youth, parents and families. Jane supports people experiencing a wide range of challenges, including: anxiety (including separation anxiety and social anxiety), depression, stress and adjustment, grief and loss, trauma (including complex trauma and PTSD), attachment and parenting, behaviour and emotion regulation, addiction problems, and social and relationship difficulties.
Jane is an experienced Clinical Psychologist and Board-approved Supervisor with a warm, compassionate and integrative therapeutic approach. She offers therapy for adults, children, youth, parents and families. Jane supports people experiencing a wide range of challenges, including: anxiety (including separation anxiety and social anxiety), depression, stress and adjustment, grief and loss, trauma (including complex trauma and PTSD), attachment and parenting, behaviour and emotion regulation, addiction problems, and social and relationship difficulties.
(02) 5604 4660 View (02) 5604 4660
Photo of Julie Hamilton, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Julie Hamilton
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Pottsville, NSW 2489
We all hit bumps in the road of life. It could be you’ve had something big happen, like the end of a relationship, the loss of someone you loved, or being let go from a job. It might be you don’t feel happy, even tho’ your life appears pretty good from the outside. Maybe you feel disconnected or overwhelmed emotionally, or you feel tired and stuck and lack the motivation to go after the life you want. You may realise that you keep sabotaging yourself or choosing unsuitable or unavailable partners but you can’t work out why. Maybe you want to get to know yourself better and feel comfortable about who your are. Therapy can help.
We all hit bumps in the road of life. It could be you’ve had something big happen, like the end of a relationship, the loss of someone you loved, or being let go from a job. It might be you don’t feel happy, even tho’ your life appears pretty good from the outside. Maybe you feel disconnected or overwhelmed emotionally, or you feel tired and stuck and lack the motivation to go after the life you want. You may realise that you keep sabotaging yourself or choosing unsuitable or unavailable partners but you can’t work out why. Maybe you want to get to know yourself better and feel comfortable about who your are. Therapy can help.
(02) 5605 6066 View (02) 5605 6066
Photo of Ben McGregor - Zen Coaching, MSc
Zen Coaching
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pottsville, NSW 2489
With a proven record of success in education for over twenty years, Ben demonstrates exemplary professionalism, outstanding interpersonal skills and a passion for helping people perform at their peak. A certified Master of Coaching Psychology from The University of Sydney and a double degree in Education ensures Ben is well researched and informed when it comes to coaching people to be better.
With a proven record of success in education for over twenty years, Ben demonstrates exemplary professionalism, outstanding interpersonal skills and a passion for helping people perform at their peak. A certified Master of Coaching Psychology from The University of Sydney and a double degree in Education ensures Ben is well researched and informed when it comes to coaching people to be better.
(02) 5657 4179 View (02) 5657 4179
Photo of Maggie Clark, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Maggie Clark
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Pottsville, NSW 2489
Hi, I’m Maggie. We all get stuck sometimes. I hope you can find a way to have a happy life. My 15 years teaching meditation and working with groups has given me a lot of experience aiding people as they grow, develop and find more joy. In recent times I has moved into the counselling arena. I believe that given the right circumstance we all have the potential to grow into the best versions of ourselves. No matter what you are going through, there is always a path back to peace and happiness. The first step is to make the choice to do something to help yourself. If you are here, that's a great start.
Hi, I’m Maggie. We all get stuck sometimes. I hope you can find a way to have a happy life. My 15 years teaching meditation and working with groups has given me a lot of experience aiding people as they grow, develop and find more joy. In recent times I has moved into the counselling arena. I believe that given the right circumstance we all have the potential to grow into the best versions of ourselves. No matter what you are going through, there is always a path back to peace and happiness. The first step is to make the choice to do something to help yourself. If you are here, that's a great start.
(02) 5604 4011 View (02) 5604 4011
Photo of David Alexander Wilson, Counsellor, ACA-L2
David Alexander Wilson
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Pottsville, NSW 2489
David guides people toward lasting personal freedom through a whole-person, integrative approach that honours the connection between mind, body, emotion, energy, and inner awareness. Drawing on transpersonal psychology and a blend of energetic, emotional, and body-based practices, his work supports deep healing and transformation, gently dissolving long-held patterns and opening the way to a more grounded, connected, and vibrant life. Whether you're seeking greater direction, clarity, and confidence or calm, emotional balance, and a renewed sense of meaning and purpose, David offers a clear, embodied path forward.
David guides people toward lasting personal freedom through a whole-person, integrative approach that honours the connection between mind, body, emotion, energy, and inner awareness. Drawing on transpersonal psychology and a blend of energetic, emotional, and body-based practices, his work supports deep healing and transformation, gently dissolving long-held patterns and opening the way to a more grounded, connected, and vibrant life. Whether you're seeking greater direction, clarity, and confidence or calm, emotional balance, and a renewed sense of meaning and purpose, David offers a clear, embodied path forward.
(03) 6351 9919 View (03) 6351 9919
Photo of Dillon Bensted, Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Dillon Bensted
Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Serves Area
If you're here reading this, it's likely you want to live differently — that you sense something needs to change. Maybe you're tired of repeating the same cycles, worn down by the feeling that nothing will shift. Or perhaps you simply want to feel secure again — to find stable ground, to trust that you won’t tip over the edge. Whatever brings you here, therapy can meet it. It’s a space to step outside the everyday, to suspend judgement, and to begin finding a way through.
If you're here reading this, it's likely you want to live differently — that you sense something needs to change. Maybe you're tired of repeating the same cycles, worn down by the feeling that nothing will shift. Or perhaps you simply want to feel secure again — to find stable ground, to trust that you won’t tip over the edge. Whatever brings you here, therapy can meet it. It’s a space to step outside the everyday, to suspend judgement, and to begin finding a way through.
(02) 5657 4925 View (02) 5657 4925
Succoris Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA Endorsed
Serves Area
Work towards achieving your goals with the help of our experienced and compassionate therapists. You can book an appointment online or face-to-face at one of our 3 clinics. Our therapists work with a range of issues, including: depression; anxiety; stress; grief; personality disorders; bi-polar disorder; grief and loss; and dealing with life transitions. Access to evidence based, effective therapy to anyone living within Australia who has access to the internet via our Telehealth services. Group Therapy available in some clinics.
Work towards achieving your goals with the help of our experienced and compassionate therapists. You can book an appointment online or face-to-face at one of our 3 clinics. Our therapists work with a range of issues, including: depression; anxiety; stress; grief; personality disorders; bi-polar disorder; grief and loss; and dealing with life transitions. Access to evidence based, effective therapy to anyone living within Australia who has access to the internet via our Telehealth services. Group Therapy available in some clinics.
(03) 9007 0490 View (03) 9007 0490
Photo of Vanina Marietti, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Vanina Marietti
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I believe that life has a way of throwing challenges at us, leaving us feeling vulnerable at times. I view therapy as being a place where people can feel safe, heard and supported. I work with individuals experiencing relationship difficulties, trauma, emotional regulation challenges, and those feeling a loss of direction, values, or meaning in life. My therapeutic approach is client-centred and flexible—non-directive when appropriate, but structured when needed.
I believe that life has a way of throwing challenges at us, leaving us feeling vulnerable at times. I view therapy as being a place where people can feel safe, heard and supported. I work with individuals experiencing relationship difficulties, trauma, emotional regulation challenges, and those feeling a loss of direction, values, or meaning in life. My therapeutic approach is client-centred and flexible—non-directive when appropriate, but structured when needed.
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Photo of Emmalene Wells, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Emmalene Wells
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I enjoy working with people from all walks of life, on a wide range of challenges across the lifespan. I’m very experienced in working with young people and their families to support their mental health. I also see huge value in supporting Parents from the perinatal period all across their parenting journey. I’m a highly skilled in diagnostic assessment and work collaboratively with your treating team toward achieving your health goals. I am a psychology board of Australia, approved supervisor and I am available to provide professional supervision to individuals and groups.
I enjoy working with people from all walks of life, on a wide range of challenges across the lifespan. I’m very experienced in working with young people and their families to support their mental health. I also see huge value in supporting Parents from the perinatal period all across their parenting journey. I’m a highly skilled in diagnostic assessment and work collaboratively with your treating team toward achieving your health goals. I am a psychology board of Australia, approved supervisor and I am available to provide professional supervision to individuals and groups.
(02) 5662 0097 View (02) 5662 0097
Photo of Liesl Sellers - Liesl Sellers - Bangalow Psychotherapy , Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Liesl Sellers - Bangalow Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Serves Area
The foundation of my work lies in the therapeutic relationship I have with my clients during our sessions. Grounded in the principles of Gestalt psychotherapy, I provide a safe, supportive space based on trust and authenticity. I believe in a client centred approach, meeting you where you are, and working together to support you in your growth process.
The foundation of my work lies in the therapeutic relationship I have with my clients during our sessions. Grounded in the principles of Gestalt psychotherapy, I provide a safe, supportive space based on trust and authenticity. I believe in a client centred approach, meeting you where you are, and working together to support you in your growth process.
(02) 5602 4007 View (02) 5602 4007
Photo of Barbra Joffe - Deep Listening Counselling, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Deep Listening Counselling
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Serves Area
I support women and men who are grappling with intimacy and relationship issues, including people who are in relationship, people navigating breakups and also those looking for love. Therapy can help couples as regular maintenance for healthy relating, and can support couples in crisis. I work with women who are moving through life transitions including motherhood, spiritual crisis, grief (including from miscarriage and pregnancy loss) and anxiety and depression. I work with men & women who are wanting to deepen emotional expression and relieve stress/anxiety. I offer couples sessions and individual sessions, online and in-person.
I support women and men who are grappling with intimacy and relationship issues, including people who are in relationship, people navigating breakups and also those looking for love. Therapy can help couples as regular maintenance for healthy relating, and can support couples in crisis. I work with women who are moving through life transitions including motherhood, spiritual crisis, grief (including from miscarriage and pregnancy loss) and anxiety and depression. I work with men & women who are wanting to deepen emotional expression and relieve stress/anxiety. I offer couples sessions and individual sessions, online and in-person.
(02) 5602 6924 View (02) 5602 6924
Photo of Lorretta Anza - Dharma Psychology, Psychotherapist, AMHSW
Dharma Psychology
Psychotherapist, AMHSW
Serves Area
Lorretta offers evidence based therapy grounded in traditional Buddhist wisdom, insights, and perspectives. Medicare Provider . University quals. No faith req. Individuals & Couples, EMDR, Workcover, NDIS, Eating issues, LGBTQIA + friendly 30 yrs exp. Ensuring ethical and professional standards memberships APS (professional affiliate) AASW & AABCAP. Accredited Buddhist Psychotherapist and Certified Mindfulness & Compassion teacher “Trauma is not what happens to us, but what we hold inside in the absence of an empathetic witness" P. Levine.
Lorretta offers evidence based therapy grounded in traditional Buddhist wisdom, insights, and perspectives. Medicare Provider . University quals. No faith req. Individuals & Couples, EMDR, Workcover, NDIS, Eating issues, LGBTQIA + friendly 30 yrs exp. Ensuring ethical and professional standards memberships APS (professional affiliate) AASW & AABCAP. Accredited Buddhist Psychotherapist and Certified Mindfulness & Compassion teacher “Trauma is not what happens to us, but what we hold inside in the absence of an empathetic witness" P. Levine.
(02) 5602 4119 View (02) 5602 4119
Photo of Nathan Dick, Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Nathan Dick
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel lonely in your relationship? Do you argue about who is to blame? Or, do you feel disconnected from yourself, your friends or children? Are you longing for more from your life? I'd love to help. My approach is relational, non-judgemental and de-pathologising. I aim to level the power imbalance, so, rather than being the expert, we work together in an authentic collaborative relationship in a process of awareness-raising. Together, we come to understand habitual patterns, unmet attachment needs & longings - toward desired, lasting change through open, safe and honest communication with clear boundaries.
Do you feel lonely in your relationship? Do you argue about who is to blame? Or, do you feel disconnected from yourself, your friends or children? Are you longing for more from your life? I'd love to help. My approach is relational, non-judgemental and de-pathologising. I aim to level the power imbalance, so, rather than being the expert, we work together in an authentic collaborative relationship in a process of awareness-raising. Together, we come to understand habitual patterns, unmet attachment needs & longings - toward desired, lasting change through open, safe and honest communication with clear boundaries.
(07) 2100 4345 View (07) 2100 4345
Photo of Gretta Bottomley, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Gretta Bottomley
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
I specialise in combining EMDR and Schema Therapy in an intensive format. This approach is suitable for most people and is particularly beneficial for people who are looking to get fast symptom relief from PTSD, complex PTSD related to adverse childhood experiences, phobias, anxiety, complex grief, and depression. With this model you can expect to achieve more than you would in conventional therapy, so it is more time and cost effective. We get really specific about your goals and stay targeted on moving though the 8 phases of EMDR processing, thereby doing deep lasting work so you can move forward.
I specialise in combining EMDR and Schema Therapy in an intensive format. This approach is suitable for most people and is particularly beneficial for people who are looking to get fast symptom relief from PTSD, complex PTSD related to adverse childhood experiences, phobias, anxiety, complex grief, and depression. With this model you can expect to achieve more than you would in conventional therapy, so it is more time and cost effective. We get really specific about your goals and stay targeted on moving though the 8 phases of EMDR processing, thereby doing deep lasting work so you can move forward.
(02) 5605 0934 View (02) 5605 0934
Photo of Elise Catherine Bridgeman - Elise (Sakina) Bridgeman, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Elise (Sakina) Bridgeman
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Serves Area
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, grief, or life’s transitions? Do you find yourself stuck in patterns of self-doubt, stress, or emotional pain? I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you can explore these challenges, process complex emotions, and work toward clarity and healing. My approach is holistic, integrating both verbal and non-verbal techniques to unlock deeper understanding, foster resilience, and empower you to navigate life’s ups and downs with greater confidence and connection.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, grief, or life’s transitions? Do you find yourself stuck in patterns of self-doubt, stress, or emotional pain? I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you can explore these challenges, process complex emotions, and work toward clarity and healing. My approach is holistic, integrating both verbal and non-verbal techniques to unlock deeper understanding, foster resilience, and empower you to navigate life’s ups and downs with greater confidence and connection.
(02) 5603 0914 View (02) 5603 0914
Photo of Kate Loubet, Counsellor, PACFA
Kate Loubet
Counsellor, PACFA
Online Only
I offer supportive, non-judgmental counselling to help you navigate a wide range of challenges, including relationship difficulties, trauma, abuse, and loss. With extensive experience supporting clients affected by domestic and family violence, sexual abuse, and childhood neglect, my goal is to help you build a stronger sense of self and live more authentically and purposefully.
I offer supportive, non-judgmental counselling to help you navigate a wide range of challenges, including relationship difficulties, trauma, abuse, and loss. With extensive experience supporting clients affected by domestic and family violence, sexual abuse, and childhood neglect, my goal is to help you build a stronger sense of self and live more authentically and purposefully.
(02) 5604 4821 View (02) 5604 4821
Photo of Libby Tooth - Mothers Nature Psychology - Libby Tooth , Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Mothers Nature Psychology - Libby Tooth
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am offering a unique service to mothers who are pregnant, pre and post partum (with children up to 4 years of age) who reside in the Byron Shire, Bundjalung land, Northern NSW. It is not uncommon to experience increased symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress during this powerful, transformational period of a woman's life, along with other challenges that come up as a component of the adjustment to new experiences. To enhance accessibility to quality mental health support as best we can, we come to you, in your home, to provide our service. We also offer Telehealth options and BULK-BILLING for further accessibility.
I am offering a unique service to mothers who are pregnant, pre and post partum (with children up to 4 years of age) who reside in the Byron Shire, Bundjalung land, Northern NSW. It is not uncommon to experience increased symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress during this powerful, transformational period of a woman's life, along with other challenges that come up as a component of the adjustment to new experiences. To enhance accessibility to quality mental health support as best we can, we come to you, in your home, to provide our service. We also offer Telehealth options and BULK-BILLING for further accessibility.
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Photo of Krystal Ellis - Krystal Ellis Counselling, Social Worker, AMHSW
Krystal Ellis Counselling
Social Worker, AMHSW
Serves Area
I work with clients looking to improve their mental health outcomes using a person-centred and integrative approach.
I work with clients looking to improve their mental health outcomes using a person-centred and integrative approach.
(08) 7948 6663 View (08) 7948 6663
Photo of Lisa Toman, Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Lisa Toman
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life’s challenges can feel overwhelming, leaving you disconnected, stuck, or unsure of how to move forward. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, trauma, addiction, or relationship difficulties, you deserve a space where you feel heard, supported, and empowered. My approach is grounded in deep compassion and a belief in your innate capacity for healing and growth. Together, we’ll explore the root causes of your struggles, uncover your strengths, and create meaningful change—helping you reconnect with yourself, others, and the world around you in a more fulfilling way.
Life’s challenges can feel overwhelming, leaving you disconnected, stuck, or unsure of how to move forward. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, trauma, addiction, or relationship difficulties, you deserve a space where you feel heard, supported, and empowered. My approach is grounded in deep compassion and a belief in your innate capacity for healing and growth. Together, we’ll explore the root causes of your struggles, uncover your strengths, and create meaningful change—helping you reconnect with yourself, others, and the world around you in a more fulfilling way.
(02) 5604 8040 View (02) 5604 8040

See more therapy options for Pottsville

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Pottsville, NSW

20+

Average cost per session

$170

Counsellors in Pottsville, NSW who prioritize treating:

88% Depression
88% Anxiety
88% Trauma and PTSD
76% Stress
76% Life Transitions
68% Relationship Issues
68% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% NDIS
57% Medicare Rebates
43% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in Pottsville, NSW see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Pottsville?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.