Psychodynamic Psychologists and Therapists in Parramatta, NSW

Photo of Dana Mitrovic - Exclusive Wellbeing, Psychologist, MPsych, MACPA
Exclusive Wellbeing
Psychologist, MPsych, MACPA
Parramatta, NSW 2150
Drawing from a diverse range of modalities, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), attachment-based psychotherapy, Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies (CBT & Schema Therapy), psychodynamic therapies, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), we tailor a therapeutic experience that resonates deeply with your journey.
Support for Life’s Challenges At Exclusive Wellbeing in Parramatta, therapy is about you—your life, your story, and the changes you want to see. No concern is ever too small to bring into the room. You are welcome to come exactly as you are, and together we’ll explore what matters most to you. Our psychologists and psychotherapists offer a safe, supportive space where you can feel heard and understood. We’ll help you make sense of your experiences, uncover personal insights, and find practical ways forward—whether that means easing the weight of trauma, navigating anxiety or depression, or coping with stress from work, study, family
Drawing from a diverse range of modalities, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), attachment-based psychotherapy, Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies (CBT & Schema Therapy), psychodynamic therapies, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), we tailor a therapeutic experience that resonates deeply with your journey.
Support for Life’s Challenges At Exclusive Wellbeing in Parramatta, therapy is about you—your life, your story, and the changes you want to see. No concern is ever too small to bring into the room. You are welcome to come exactly as you are, and together we’ll explore what matters most to you. Our psychologists and psychotherapists offer a safe, supportive space where you can feel heard and understood. We’ll help you make sense of your experiences, uncover personal insights, and find practical ways forward—whether that means easing the weight of trauma, navigating anxiety or depression, or coping with stress from work, study, family
(02) 9630 0451 View (02) 9630 0451
Photo of Sevilay Dogan, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Sevilay Dogan
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Parramatta, NSW 2150
My toolbox is equipped with evidence-based modalities including, but not limited to: EMDR, CBT, Ego State Interventions, relationship counselling, Psychodynamic Therapy, Emotional Freedom Technique, Somatic Therapy and Schema Therapy.
I have experience working with complex trauma, specializing in neuromodulation including neurofeedback and heart rate variability, which has been a passion of mine. I have worked extensively with presentations including but not liminted to complex PTSD, attachment disorders, depression, anxiety and personality disorders.
My toolbox is equipped with evidence-based modalities including, but not limited to: EMDR, CBT, Ego State Interventions, relationship counselling, Psychodynamic Therapy, Emotional Freedom Technique, Somatic Therapy and Schema Therapy.
I have experience working with complex trauma, specializing in neuromodulation including neurofeedback and heart rate variability, which has been a passion of mine. I have worked extensively with presentations including but not liminted to complex PTSD, attachment disorders, depression, anxiety and personality disorders.
(02) 7804 4712 View (02) 7804 4712
Photo of Nadine Abdalla, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Nadine Abdalla
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
3 Endorsed
Parramatta, NSW 2150
I like to take a psychodynamic approach, often relying on the foundations of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT).
Hi, my name is Nadine. I'm a psychologist and psychotherapist. I believe that our relationship with ourselves is the single most important relationship we will hold throughout our lifetime. For this reason, my work focuses on how to have a better relationship with ourselves and live a life in line with our values and goals. In doing so, I hope to make my role redundant as you gain the skills needed to withstand any challenge and obstacle you may face throughout your life. I hope that I can be a part of your recovery and growth to better mental health.
I like to take a psychodynamic approach, often relying on the foundations of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT).
Hi, my name is Nadine. I'm a psychologist and psychotherapist. I believe that our relationship with ourselves is the single most important relationship we will hold throughout our lifetime. For this reason, my work focuses on how to have a better relationship with ourselves and live a life in line with our values and goals. In doing so, I hope to make my role redundant as you gain the skills needed to withstand any challenge and obstacle you may face throughout your life. I hope that I can be a part of your recovery and growth to better mental health.
(02) 7804 4427 View (02) 7804 4427
Photo of Matt Garrett, Social Worker, AASW
Matt Garrett
Social Worker, AASW
Parramatta, NSW 2150
Relationships are our life blood to health and happiness. Investing in your relationship is bound to lead to an improved quality of life, an increased sense of your own identity and the potential to enjoy enriched, purposeful and mutually beneficial relationships with others.
Relationships are our life blood to health and happiness. Investing in your relationship is bound to lead to an improved quality of life, an increased sense of your own identity and the potential to enjoy enriched, purposeful and mutually beneficial relationships with others.
(02) 4063 1200 View (02) 4063 1200
Photo of Helen Ng, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Helen Ng
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Parramatta, NSW 2150
I am a caring and compassionate multilingual psychologist fluent in English, Mandarin, and Cantonese. I work with all age groups and address a wide range of psychological issues, including adjustment disorders, anxiety, depression, stress, phobias, mood and thinking disorders, psychosis, life transitions, identity and self-esteem, relationships, cross-cultural challenges, and work-related concerns. I also provide career coaching, pre/post-marriage counselling, parenting advice, Christian counselling, and cognitive assessments.
I am a caring and compassionate multilingual psychologist fluent in English, Mandarin, and Cantonese. I work with all age groups and address a wide range of psychological issues, including adjustment disorders, anxiety, depression, stress, phobias, mood and thinking disorders, psychosis, life transitions, identity and self-esteem, relationships, cross-cultural challenges, and work-related concerns. I also provide career coaching, pre/post-marriage counselling, parenting advice, Christian counselling, and cognitive assessments.
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Photo of Dana Mitrovic, Psychologist, MPsych, MACPA
Dana Mitrovic
Psychologist, MPsych, MACPA
2 Endorsed
Parramatta, NSW 2150
Drawing from a diverse range of modalities, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), attachment-based psychotherapy, Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies (CBT & Schema Therapy), psychodynamic therapies, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) suitable to your journey.
As a dedicated and authentic female clinical psychologist, I bring over a decade of therapeutic expertise to our meaningful connection. My unwavering commitment to integrity guides every step of our journey together. My ideal client is one who is experiencing difficulties in their life and seeking support in working through this. I work with clients from a large range of mental health presentations. I have a strong focus on the development of our adult selves through our early developmental experiences and working toward changing unhelpful patterns in your life to create a better present and future.
Drawing from a diverse range of modalities, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), attachment-based psychotherapy, Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies (CBT & Schema Therapy), psychodynamic therapies, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) suitable to your journey.
As a dedicated and authentic female clinical psychologist, I bring over a decade of therapeutic expertise to our meaningful connection. My unwavering commitment to integrity guides every step of our journey together. My ideal client is one who is experiencing difficulties in their life and seeking support in working through this. I work with clients from a large range of mental health presentations. I have a strong focus on the development of our adult selves through our early developmental experiences and working toward changing unhelpful patterns in your life to create a better present and future.
(02) 9630 0451 View (02) 9630 0451
Fili Perdikaris
Psychologist, MAPS
Parramatta, NSW 2150
I help people to identify their issues and work on lasting change using a range of strategies including acceptance and. commitment therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behaviour therapy ( CBT), Dialectical Behaviour therapy, (DBT), systemic and attachment theories. I honour the individual nature of each person and believe that everyone is an expert in their lives. From this premise growth and change can occur as a natural, respectful and dynamic process. My area of specialty is trauma as well as relationship counselling. I also work with depression, anxiety, mood regulation, grief and loss, PTSD, perinatal issues, parenting, life transitions.
I help people to identify their issues and work on lasting change using a range of strategies including acceptance and. commitment therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behaviour therapy ( CBT), Dialectical Behaviour therapy, (DBT), systemic and attachment theories. I honour the individual nature of each person and believe that everyone is an expert in their lives. From this premise growth and change can occur as a natural, respectful and dynamic process. My area of specialty is trauma as well as relationship counselling. I also work with depression, anxiety, mood regulation, grief and loss, PTSD, perinatal issues, parenting, life transitions.
(02) 7804 4758 View (02) 7804 4758
Photo of Rochelle Cini, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Rochelle Cini
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Parramatta, NSW 2150
You may be feeling the pressure of school, navigating life with a disability, facing workplace stress, or moving through a difficult life transition. I’m Shell a registered counsellor and psychotherapist with a Graduate Diploma in Counselling. My background in critical workplaces gives me a deep understanding of stress, grief, and resilience. I provide a safe, authentic space where you can be yourself, explore what’s weighing on you, and take steps towards clarity, strength, and a more fulfilling life.
You may be feeling the pressure of school, navigating life with a disability, facing workplace stress, or moving through a difficult life transition. I’m Shell a registered counsellor and psychotherapist with a Graduate Diploma in Counselling. My background in critical workplaces gives me a deep understanding of stress, grief, and resilience. I provide a safe, authentic space where you can be yourself, explore what’s weighing on you, and take steps towards clarity, strength, and a more fulfilling life.
(02) 7804 4538 View (02) 7804 4538
Photo of Nila Abbasyan, Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Nila Abbasyan
Social Worker, MA, AMHSW
Parramatta, NSW 2150
As an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker, I provide therapy for individuals aged 18 and over as well as families, supporting clients with a wide range of concerns including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship difficulties, and life transitions. I can see clients under the following arrangements: Mental Health Care Plans (with Medicare rebates) Victim Services Counselling (NSW Victims Support Scheme) Workers Compensation / WorkCover CTP (Compulsory Third Party) Insurance Private fee-for-service
As an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker, I provide therapy for individuals aged 18 and over as well as families, supporting clients with a wide range of concerns including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship difficulties, and life transitions. I can see clients under the following arrangements: Mental Health Care Plans (with Medicare rebates) Victim Services Counselling (NSW Victims Support Scheme) Workers Compensation / WorkCover CTP (Compulsory Third Party) Insurance Private fee-for-service
(02) 7804 4117 View (02) 7804 4117
Photo of Crawf Weir - Crawf Weir Psychotherapy, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Crawf Weir Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
You might look like you’re coping on the outside—but inside, it feels different. Part of you pushes to stay in control, fix things, and keep it all together… while another part feels overwhelmed, anxious, or exhausted. You may notice the same patterns repeating—overthinking, emotional reactions, or relationship tension—and no matter how hard you try, they don’t shift. There may also be older experiences or unresolved pain shaping how you feel and respond. What you’re looking for is a sense of calm, clarity, and understanding—along with support to make sense of what’s happening inside and feel more grounded and at ease.
You might look like you’re coping on the outside—but inside, it feels different. Part of you pushes to stay in control, fix things, and keep it all together… while another part feels overwhelmed, anxious, or exhausted. You may notice the same patterns repeating—overthinking, emotional reactions, or relationship tension—and no matter how hard you try, they don’t shift. There may also be older experiences or unresolved pain shaping how you feel and respond. What you’re looking for is a sense of calm, clarity, and understanding—along with support to make sense of what’s happening inside and feel more grounded and at ease.
(02) 9100 0451 View (02) 9100 0451
Photo of Natalie Harman, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Natalie Harman
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Serves Area
PACFA-registered Clinical Counsellor and psychotherapist, Natalie Harman has extensive experience and an unrivalled understanding of hospital workplace culture. As the Founder of Becoming Mindful Natalie Harman delivers tailored wellbeing programs in hospital workplaces which include individual counselling and coaching to equip doctors with the tools needed to move beyond survival to thriving. Natalie’s trauma-informed clinical approach and deep understanding of hospital environments enables her to integrate several therapeutic techniques that are tailored to meet the individual needs of both the client and department.
PACFA-registered Clinical Counsellor and psychotherapist, Natalie Harman has extensive experience and an unrivalled understanding of hospital workplace culture. As the Founder of Becoming Mindful Natalie Harman delivers tailored wellbeing programs in hospital workplaces which include individual counselling and coaching to equip doctors with the tools needed to move beyond survival to thriving. Natalie’s trauma-informed clinical approach and deep understanding of hospital environments enables her to integrate several therapeutic techniques that are tailored to meet the individual needs of both the client and department.
(02) 8355 9759 View (02) 8355 9759
Photo of Teresa Wilkinson - Willow Tree Counselling, Psychologist, MA, Assoc MAPS
Willow Tree Counselling
Psychologist, MA, Assoc MAPS
Serves Area
Willow Tree Counselling service is a specialised counselling service for people who have experienced Trauma and Attachment issues and other difficult life experiences. My approach is informed by research about the remarkable ability of people to survive and thrive after experiencing trauma. I am informed by practiced based evidence (Scott Miller) which means the therapy is tailored around what works for you. This means that I will check in with you throughout your therapy to see how helpful it is for you and adjust our focus so that you get an individualised therapy and, most importantly, one that you find helpful.
Willow Tree Counselling service is a specialised counselling service for people who have experienced Trauma and Attachment issues and other difficult life experiences. My approach is informed by research about the remarkable ability of people to survive and thrive after experiencing trauma. I am informed by practiced based evidence (Scott Miller) which means the therapy is tailored around what works for you. This means that I will check in with you throughout your therapy to see how helpful it is for you and adjust our focus so that you get an individualised therapy and, most importantly, one that you find helpful.
(02) 9053 4696 View (02) 9053 4696
Photo of Anna Djuric, Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Anna Djuric
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Online Only
If you are unsure about how the world sees you, unable to trust, feeling of being never good enough, facing low self-esteem, losing confidence, struggling with personal issues; having anxiety, trauma triggers, feeling stuck, unable to adjust to changes-transitions; having relationship issues, want to improve your mental health do not hesitate to reach out. You can expect professional, non-judgmental, and caring approach that could enable you to deal with personal issues and struggle and help you to reach your goals. I have years of experiences working with individuals, young adults, adults and families with a wide range of issues.
If you are unsure about how the world sees you, unable to trust, feeling of being never good enough, facing low self-esteem, losing confidence, struggling with personal issues; having anxiety, trauma triggers, feeling stuck, unable to adjust to changes-transitions; having relationship issues, want to improve your mental health do not hesitate to reach out. You can expect professional, non-judgmental, and caring approach that could enable you to deal with personal issues and struggle and help you to reach your goals. I have years of experiences working with individuals, young adults, adults and families with a wide range of issues.
(02) 9100 0255 View (02) 9100 0255
Photo of Bernadette Beedle, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Bernadette Beedle
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Serves Area
Clinical Trauma Psychotherapist & Relationship Counsellor -Helping you heal trauma, strengthen relationships, and reconnect with yourself- Therapy with me is a calm, grounded space where you don’t have to hold everything together on your own. I walk alongside you—steadily, safely, and without judgement—so you can explore your inner world at a pace that feels right. You guide the process. You choose what matters. Your sessions are truly yours. Clients often describe me as warm, real, and deeply attuned. My focus is on helping you feel safe in your body, clearer in your mind, and more empowered in your relationships and daily life.
Clinical Trauma Psychotherapist & Relationship Counsellor -Helping you heal trauma, strengthen relationships, and reconnect with yourself- Therapy with me is a calm, grounded space where you don’t have to hold everything together on your own. I walk alongside you—steadily, safely, and without judgement—so you can explore your inner world at a pace that feels right. You guide the process. You choose what matters. Your sessions are truly yours. Clients often describe me as warm, real, and deeply attuned. My focus is on helping you feel safe in your body, clearer in your mind, and more empowered in your relationships and daily life.
(02) 8105 6180 View (02) 8105 6180
Photo of Parvinder Gill, Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
Parvinder Gill
Psychotherapist, MC, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Your story and identity is unique. Life at times can be hard, finding someone that deeply listens and understands you at these points becomes crucial. Through a therapeutic process you and I will explore your fears, hopes, multitude of feelings and emotions. Often things become clearer through this process and you discover a form of healing that is deep and long lasting. I don't diagnose you or give you advice. I trust that you have the answers within. You decide what we focus on and we go at your pace.
Your story and identity is unique. Life at times can be hard, finding someone that deeply listens and understands you at these points becomes crucial. Through a therapeutic process you and I will explore your fears, hopes, multitude of feelings and emotions. Often things become clearer through this process and you discover a form of healing that is deep and long lasting. I don't diagnose you or give you advice. I trust that you have the answers within. You decide what we focus on and we go at your pace.
(02) 8609 3002 View (02) 8609 3002
Photo of Curtis John McDonald - Curt McDonald Holistic Psychology & Psychotherapy, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Prov
Curt McDonald Holistic Psychology & Psychotherapy
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Prov
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Curtis, a psychologist and psychotherapist working from the Blue Mountains, in-person and online. Often the things that bring us to therapy are the very things we've spent years trying to outrun. Sometimes it's a crisis. Sometimes just a quiet sense that something isn't working. Whatever brings you here, I want you to know that what you're experiencing makes sense, and that real change is possible. My approach is integrative and holistic. I work with you as a whole person, your inner world, your body, your relationships, your sense of meaning and identity. I target core issues, rather than treating a set of symptoms.
Hi, I'm Curtis, a psychologist and psychotherapist working from the Blue Mountains, in-person and online. Often the things that bring us to therapy are the very things we've spent years trying to outrun. Sometimes it's a crisis. Sometimes just a quiet sense that something isn't working. Whatever brings you here, I want you to know that what you're experiencing makes sense, and that real change is possible. My approach is integrative and holistic. I work with you as a whole person, your inner world, your body, your relationships, your sense of meaning and identity. I target core issues, rather than treating a set of symptoms.
(02) 6105 9175 View (02) 6105 9175
Photo of Cassie Garling, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Cassie Garling
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Some may explore the patterns and parts that keep showing up (IFS, psychodynamic).
If you've found your way here, something in your life is asking for change. Maybe it's the weight of experiences you've never quite been able to set down. Maybe it's a pattern that keeps repeating no matter how hard you try to outthink it. Maybe it's the quieter ache of feeling far from who you used to be. The people I see are often capable, thoughtful, and quietly tired of carrying it alone. Therapy with me is collaborative and paced to you — grounded in the belief that you are not a problem to be fixed.
Some may explore the patterns and parts that keep showing up (IFS, psychodynamic).
If you've found your way here, something in your life is asking for change. Maybe it's the weight of experiences you've never quite been able to set down. Maybe it's a pattern that keeps repeating no matter how hard you try to outthink it. Maybe it's the quieter ache of feeling far from who you used to be. The people I see are often capable, thoughtful, and quietly tired of carrying it alone. Therapy with me is collaborative and paced to you — grounded in the belief that you are not a problem to be fixed.
(02) 7804 4205 View (02) 7804 4205
Photo of Sayaka Sayeed, Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Sayaka Sayeed
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with adults who may appear to be coping externally but feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected internally. Many are navigating ADHD or neurodivergence, identity, queerness, cultural experiences, relationship patterns, burnout, or life transitions. My approach is trauma-informed, culturally responsive, and neuro-affirming, integrating CBT, ACT, IFS parts work, attachment-based therapy, and practical ADHD coaching. Using collaborative intersectional frameworks while maintaining authenticity, empathy and curiosity, we make sense of patterns, reduce shame, and build realistic, sustainable ways of moving forward.
I work with adults who may appear to be coping externally but feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected internally. Many are navigating ADHD or neurodivergence, identity, queerness, cultural experiences, relationship patterns, burnout, or life transitions. My approach is trauma-informed, culturally responsive, and neuro-affirming, integrating CBT, ACT, IFS parts work, attachment-based therapy, and practical ADHD coaching. Using collaborative intersectional frameworks while maintaining authenticity, empathy and curiosity, we make sense of patterns, reduce shame, and build realistic, sustainable ways of moving forward.
(03) 7003 2356 View (03) 7003 2356
Photo of El-Afraa Chouchane, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
El-Afraa Chouchane
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Online Only
She combines cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic Interpersonal therapy (PIT), Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) as well as mindfulness and attachment theory.
One of the defining qualities is her extensive experience working with a wide range of disorders. From anxiety and depression to relationship difficulties, self esteem, grief and loss, addictions and beyond, she has helped numerous clients navigate through these challenging experiences.
She combines cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic Interpersonal therapy (PIT), Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) as well as mindfulness and attachment theory.
One of the defining qualities is her extensive experience working with a wide range of disorders. From anxiety and depression to relationship difficulties, self esteem, grief and loss, addictions and beyond, she has helped numerous clients navigate through these challenging experiences.
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Photo of Amanda Stickland, Counsellor, PACFA
Amanda Stickland
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am experienced clinical counsellor with extensive experience working with adults, teenagers and families both in the UK and in Australia. I am a Clinical Member of the Psychotherapists and Counsellors Association of Australia (PACFA). I have extensive experience working with trauma and understand that challenges this can have on your daily functioning. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, identity and relationship issues. I have developed a deep understanding of the complexities of working with vulnerable populations and have a strong commitment to supporting people with the challenges they face.
I am experienced clinical counsellor with extensive experience working with adults, teenagers and families both in the UK and in Australia. I am a Clinical Member of the Psychotherapists and Counsellors Association of Australia (PACFA). I have extensive experience working with trauma and understand that challenges this can have on your daily functioning. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, identity and relationship issues. I have developed a deep understanding of the complexities of working with vulnerable populations and have a strong commitment to supporting people with the challenges they face.
(02) 4214 4168 View (02) 4214 4168

See more therapy options for Parramatta

Psychodynamic Therapists
Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?
Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?
Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?
Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?
Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.