Counselling in Oran Park, NSW

Photo of Paul Thompson, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Paul Thompson
Psychologist, PsyBA General
2 Endorsed
Oran Park, NSW 2570
Paul Thompson is a registered psychologist with many years of experience in not-for-profit and private practice settings. He is also a husband and father of two children. His approach emphasises warmth and trust, and ensuring that the treatment approach is collaboratively developed and informed by feedback throughout.
Paul Thompson is a registered psychologist with many years of experience in not-for-profit and private practice settings. He is also a husband and father of two children. His approach emphasises warmth and trust, and ensuring that the treatment approach is collaboratively developed and informed by feedback throughout.
(02) 4210 5121 View (02) 4210 5121
Photo of Youliana Zaya, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Youliana Zaya
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Oran Park, NSW 2570
Over the past 8 years, I have worked with children and adolescents across a range of settings, including schools and private practice. I started Sunflower Therapy to provide a warm, safe and non-judgemental space... a place where young people can open up and know it is okay to not be okay. My goal is to ensure any young person who comes here leaves feeling safe and heard. I have experience working with many different presentations, including low mood, depression, anxiety, anger, ADHD. I would love to work with you to help you achieve your goals!
Over the past 8 years, I have worked with children and adolescents across a range of settings, including schools and private practice. I started Sunflower Therapy to provide a warm, safe and non-judgemental space... a place where young people can open up and know it is okay to not be okay. My goal is to ensure any young person who comes here leaves feeling safe and heard. I have experience working with many different presentations, including low mood, depression, anxiety, anger, ADHD. I would love to work with you to help you achieve your goals!
(02) 4214 8185 View (02) 4214 8185
Photo of Tyla Stroebel, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA Prov
Tyla Stroebel
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA Prov
Oran Park, NSW 2570
I currently specialise in diagnostic, behavioural, cognitive, neurological and academic assessments and support thereafter. I have a keen interest in Autism and ADHD, specifically in woman and girls, and in helping adults explore this later in life. I conduct assessments in person and online, from a neurodiversity affirming framework, and currently focus on the following: Autism; Global Developmental Delay, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Specific Learning Disorders; Anxiety etc.
I currently specialise in diagnostic, behavioural, cognitive, neurological and academic assessments and support thereafter. I have a keen interest in Autism and ADHD, specifically in woman and girls, and in helping adults explore this later in life. I conduct assessments in person and online, from a neurodiversity affirming framework, and currently focus on the following: Autism; Global Developmental Delay, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Specific Learning Disorders; Anxiety etc.
(02) 8080 5577 View (02) 8080 5577
Photo of Shahid Hussain - Green Valley Psychotherapy Practice, Psychotherapist, MPsych, PACFA
Green Valley Psychotherapy Practice
Psychotherapist, MPsych, PACFA
Serves Area
Shahid draws his experience and expertise from 20 years of working with teenagers, adults, couples and group therapy work. He has worked with alcohol, and drug rehabilitation program, vulnerable and disadvantaged individuals, families experiencing domestic violence and other mental health issues. He provides well-being support and empowerment programs to support individuals in achieving their goals. With his private practice (Green Valley Psychotherapy Practice) in Hinchinbrook, Shahid offers online and in-person consultations that cater to individuals from across the wider Sydney region and online consultation worldwide.
Shahid draws his experience and expertise from 20 years of working with teenagers, adults, couples and group therapy work. He has worked with alcohol, and drug rehabilitation program, vulnerable and disadvantaged individuals, families experiencing domestic violence and other mental health issues. He provides well-being support and empowerment programs to support individuals in achieving their goals. With his private practice (Green Valley Psychotherapy Practice) in Hinchinbrook, Shahid offers online and in-person consultations that cater to individuals from across the wider Sydney region and online consultation worldwide.
(02) 8105 5120 View (02) 8105 5120
Photo of Brooke Morgan, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Brooke Morgan
Counsellor, ACA-L1
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you struggling with your relationship with food, eating and body image. You don't know how or where to start or perhaps friends and family members are concerned ? You may be battling with patterns of restricting food, disordered eating, binge eating, obsessive exercise and body dysmorphia and feel like you want to change but don't know how? I offer person centred counselling to support you in a safe & non judgemental way, from an affirming & trauma informed approach. Mental Health support is crucial in the step to recovery from an Eating Disorder or Disordered Eating behaviours.
Are you struggling with your relationship with food, eating and body image. You don't know how or where to start or perhaps friends and family members are concerned ? You may be battling with patterns of restricting food, disordered eating, binge eating, obsessive exercise and body dysmorphia and feel like you want to change but don't know how? I offer person centred counselling to support you in a safe & non judgemental way, from an affirming & trauma informed approach. Mental Health support is crucial in the step to recovery from an Eating Disorder or Disordered Eating behaviours.
(02) 4210 5854 View (02) 4210 5854
Photo of Trudy Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Trudy Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Choosing the right therapist can be tough. I am triple degree qualified (inc. a research Masters) currently embarking on a PhD. I am a senior clinician & clinical supervisor, with 25 years' plus experience in counselling, psychotherapy & mentaI health. I welcome a range of referrals (including Medicare/GP referred/ADF/Victim's Services). I see clients aged 18 and above. I have extensive experience in managing & treating anxiety and mood disorders, trauma, grief & loss , life adjustments, relational issues & workplace stress. Additionally, I provide coaching to help improve/enhance communication skills (work/career development).
Choosing the right therapist can be tough. I am triple degree qualified (inc. a research Masters) currently embarking on a PhD. I am a senior clinician & clinical supervisor, with 25 years' plus experience in counselling, psychotherapy & mentaI health. I welcome a range of referrals (including Medicare/GP referred/ADF/Victim's Services). I see clients aged 18 and above. I have extensive experience in managing & treating anxiety and mood disorders, trauma, grief & loss , life adjustments, relational issues & workplace stress. Additionally, I provide coaching to help improve/enhance communication skills (work/career development).
(02) 4607 2781 View (02) 4607 2781
Photo of Catherine Eve Groome - Catherine Groome Counselling, Counsellor, PACFA
Catherine Groome Counselling
Counsellor, PACFA
Serves Area
You are not what happened to you - you are what you choose to become. I support adults and children to heal and grow through life's challenges. I believe that you have the strength not just to survive, but to truly thrive. Sometimes we may find ourselves struggling with who we are and why we do what we do. We may have behaviours we would like to change or relationships we would like to enrich. Sharing is a big step towards taking care of one's emotional health. I am here to walk the journey with you.
You are not what happened to you - you are what you choose to become. I support adults and children to heal and grow through life's challenges. I believe that you have the strength not just to survive, but to truly thrive. Sometimes we may find ourselves struggling with who we are and why we do what we do. We may have behaviours we would like to change or relationships we would like to enrich. Sharing is a big step towards taking care of one's emotional health. I am here to walk the journey with you.
(02) 4214 4925 View (02) 4214 4925
Photo of Lisy M C De La Chaise - Allied Help Counselling Services, Counsellor, PACFA
Allied Help Counselling Services
Counsellor, PACFA
Serves Area
I am a highly skilled and accomplished counsellor with over 35 years experience. I hold memberships with several associations in Australia. I am passionate in working with Individuals, Couples and families to support them in any circumstance they might be going through. Having been in this industry for such a long time, I am very well aware of the pressures that are on families, parents, couples and individuals. With the advancement of technology and both parents working, problems are getting more complexed these days. Relationships are getting more demanding, challenging & complicated
I am a highly skilled and accomplished counsellor with over 35 years experience. I hold memberships with several associations in Australia. I am passionate in working with Individuals, Couples and families to support them in any circumstance they might be going through. Having been in this industry for such a long time, I am very well aware of the pressures that are on families, parents, couples and individuals. With the advancement of technology and both parents working, problems are getting more complexed these days. Relationships are getting more demanding, challenging & complicated
(02) 4708 9604 View (02) 4708 9604
Photo of Lisa Haslam, Counsellor, PACFA
Lisa Haslam
Counsellor, PACFA
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a Counsellor in South Western Sydney. I have worked for many years as Child and Family Therapist. Working with individuals, couples and families with issues such as relationship breakdown, separation, parenting, divorce, grief and loss, self esteem, depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. In my practice I provide a safe and calming environment to help clients feel comfortable to work through their underlying issues that may feel overwhelming in the day to day life. With the use of techniques such as Imago Therapy, Family Systems, Mindfulness, Art and Walk and Talk Therapy I help clients feel more empowered in their life.
I am a Counsellor in South Western Sydney. I have worked for many years as Child and Family Therapist. Working with individuals, couples and families with issues such as relationship breakdown, separation, parenting, divorce, grief and loss, self esteem, depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. In my practice I provide a safe and calming environment to help clients feel comfortable to work through their underlying issues that may feel overwhelming in the day to day life. With the use of techniques such as Imago Therapy, Family Systems, Mindfulness, Art and Walk and Talk Therapy I help clients feel more empowered in their life.
(02) 4210 5086 View (02) 4210 5086
Photo of Irene O'Neill, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Irene O'Neill
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Serves Area
I am an ACA registered counsellor and the co-director of Wattlebird Therapy based in Elderslie. I have experience working with a range of clients with a particular focus on children and young people, as well as the LGBTIQA+ community, NDIS support, and people accessing support under the Victims Support scheme. Some of the concerns I have supported my clients through include emotional regulation issues, low self-esteem and confidence, social skills, anxiety, depression, trauma, and anger management.
I am an ACA registered counsellor and the co-director of Wattlebird Therapy based in Elderslie. I have experience working with a range of clients with a particular focus on children and young people, as well as the LGBTIQA+ community, NDIS support, and people accessing support under the Victims Support scheme. Some of the concerns I have supported my clients through include emotional regulation issues, low self-esteem and confidence, social skills, anxiety, depression, trauma, and anger management.
(02) 4214 8009 View (02) 4214 8009
Photo of Tom Traae, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Tom Traae
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Based on my background, training and experience I often work with young people and adults as well as older adults, providing therapy in a comfortable and trauma-informed setting. I work with many different people who experience a variety of issues and barriers in life, including mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, difficulties with coping, education and work problems, relationship difficulties, etc. Many people also report feeling confused about what they are experiencing, not knowing what is 'wrong' but experiencing discomfort and/ or emotional difficulties.
Based on my background, training and experience I often work with young people and adults as well as older adults, providing therapy in a comfortable and trauma-informed setting. I work with many different people who experience a variety of issues and barriers in life, including mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, difficulties with coping, education and work problems, relationship difficulties, etc. Many people also report feeling confused about what they are experiencing, not knowing what is 'wrong' but experiencing discomfort and/ or emotional difficulties.
0403 413 549 View 0403 413 549
Photo of Lorelai Burns, Counsellor, PACFA
Lorelai Burns
Counsellor, PACFA
Serves Area
There is nothing more isolating than feeling alone and stuck. I know this feeling well and I know that the best way forward is to seek support from others at these times. I work with clients of all ages who struggle with a range of issues. Our initial sessions will be focused on building the relationship and building trust to ensure you feel safe to share your story at your own pace. Together, we will collaborate to work on a plan that you find manageable and that can be altered that will aim to assist improvement of symptoms that have lead to you to seeking therapy.
There is nothing more isolating than feeling alone and stuck. I know this feeling well and I know that the best way forward is to seek support from others at these times. I work with clients of all ages who struggle with a range of issues. Our initial sessions will be focused on building the relationship and building trust to ensure you feel safe to share your story at your own pace. Together, we will collaborate to work on a plan that you find manageable and that can be altered that will aim to assist improvement of symptoms that have lead to you to seeking therapy.
(02) 4601 5907 View (02) 4601 5907
Photo of Scott O'Loughlin, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Scott O'Loughlin
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Scott is a Clinical Psychologist who creates a warm, friendly, and supportive environment where his clients can feel comfortable and understood. Your story matters - and being aware of that, Scott provides a safe and non-judgemental space to share that story. He works with people of all ages and backgrounds, and is especially passionate about early intervention with young people and those new to therapy. He has a wealth of experience in research and practice, and he uses evidence-based approaches to help his clients overcome their challenges and achieve their goals.
Scott is a Clinical Psychologist who creates a warm, friendly, and supportive environment where his clients can feel comfortable and understood. Your story matters - and being aware of that, Scott provides a safe and non-judgemental space to share that story. He works with people of all ages and backgrounds, and is especially passionate about early intervention with young people and those new to therapy. He has a wealth of experience in research and practice, and he uses evidence-based approaches to help his clients overcome their challenges and achieve their goals.
(02) 4210 5332 View (02) 4210 5332
Photo of Natasha Rodgers, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Natasha Rodgers
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
I work with clients who are are dealing with anxiety, PTSD, and related mental health concerns which can include intrusive thoughts, physical symptoms, hypervigilance, sadness, and difficulty managing their emotions. They need a safe and compassionate space to process their experiences, develop healthy coping strategies, and a future-focused mindset. Their goals include managing symptoms, improving their mental health, developing stronger relationships, finding meaning and purpose, and living a fulfilling life. They want to overcome their challenges and achieve their goals to feel happier, healthier, and more connected.
I work with clients who are are dealing with anxiety, PTSD, and related mental health concerns which can include intrusive thoughts, physical symptoms, hypervigilance, sadness, and difficulty managing their emotions. They need a safe and compassionate space to process their experiences, develop healthy coping strategies, and a future-focused mindset. Their goals include managing symptoms, improving their mental health, developing stronger relationships, finding meaning and purpose, and living a fulfilling life. They want to overcome their challenges and achieve their goals to feel happier, healthier, and more connected.
(02) 4214 4332 View (02) 4214 4332
Photo of Jennifer Rose Shields
Jennifer Rose Shields
Verified Verified
Serves Area
As a mature experienced Practitioner, I deal with clients who are dealing with loss and change. Emotional instability Grief Panic attacks Anxiety Adult Abandonment, Child Abandonment, Redundancy, Divorce, Life Trauma Resettlement to a new country. A flexible multifaceted approach allows me to use the most effective methods available to address your individual needs. I draw primarily from Repair and Reattachment Grief therapy.
As a mature experienced Practitioner, I deal with clients who are dealing with loss and change. Emotional instability Grief Panic attacks Anxiety Adult Abandonment, Child Abandonment, Redundancy, Divorce, Life Trauma Resettlement to a new country. A flexible multifaceted approach allows me to use the most effective methods available to address your individual needs. I draw primarily from Repair and Reattachment Grief therapy.
(02) 4210 5333 View (02) 4210 5333
Photo of Clive Ford - ResolveU, Counsellor, ACA-L2
ResolveU
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
Your Path to Resolution and Growth in Macarthur and Wollondilly. At Resolve U, we understand that life's challenges can sometimes feel overwhelming. That's why we're here to provide a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for you to explore your concerns and work towards a brighter future. Our counselling services are designed to help individuals, couples, and families navigate life's complexities and achieve their goals. Expect a friendly and approachable counsellor who truly listens, explores your challenges, and provides personalised care and practical strategies tailored to your unique needs.
Your Path to Resolution and Growth in Macarthur and Wollondilly. At Resolve U, we understand that life's challenges can sometimes feel overwhelming. That's why we're here to provide a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for you to explore your concerns and work towards a brighter future. Our counselling services are designed to help individuals, couples, and families navigate life's complexities and achieve their goals. Expect a friendly and approachable counsellor who truly listens, explores your challenges, and provides personalised care and practical strategies tailored to your unique needs.
(02) 4214 8412 View (02) 4214 8412
Photo of Saif Kade, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Saif Kade
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
I am a Clinical Psychologist who can provide therapy in either Arabic or English. I welcome anyone of all ages and backgrounds. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, personality disorders, and/or those struggling to adjust to big lifestyle changes. I have worked with neurodivergent children and adults and their families and with children who have worrying behaviours. I have a wealth of knowledge and experience in various therapies and I personalise them to help you overcome your barriers.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who can provide therapy in either Arabic or English. I welcome anyone of all ages and backgrounds. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, personality disorders, and/or those struggling to adjust to big lifestyle changes. I have worked with neurodivergent children and adults and their families and with children who have worrying behaviours. I have a wealth of knowledge and experience in various therapies and I personalise them to help you overcome your barriers.
(02) 8105 6207 View (02) 8105 6207
Photo of Nooria Tariq, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Nooria Tariq
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I believe in a holistic approach to mental health, understanding that emotional well-being is connected to every aspect of life. With empathy, respect, and a commitment to overall well-being, I work with my clients to help them uncover their inner strengths and overcome the barriers in a safe and non-judgmental space.
I believe in a holistic approach to mental health, understanding that emotional well-being is connected to every aspect of life. With empathy, respect, and a commitment to overall well-being, I work with my clients to help them uncover their inner strengths and overcome the barriers in a safe and non-judgmental space.
(02) 4703 7587 View (02) 4703 7587
Photo of Sanober Rizvi, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Sanober Rizvi
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Sanober has a warm and empathic approach to therapy and has over 20 years of experience. Sanober assists with a range of concerns including feelings of low self-worth, emotional neglect or loneliness, relationship concerns, rumination and worry, perfectionism and need for control, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma and abuse and difficulties regulating or expressing emotion. She is passionate about supporting and empowering people to improve their emotional wellbeing, increase quality of life, cope with difficulties, manage distress, and bring about meaningful, lasting change. Sanober is trained in CBT, ACT, DBT and EMDR.
Sanober has a warm and empathic approach to therapy and has over 20 years of experience. Sanober assists with a range of concerns including feelings of low self-worth, emotional neglect or loneliness, relationship concerns, rumination and worry, perfectionism and need for control, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma and abuse and difficulties regulating or expressing emotion. She is passionate about supporting and empowering people to improve their emotional wellbeing, increase quality of life, cope with difficulties, manage distress, and bring about meaningful, lasting change. Sanober is trained in CBT, ACT, DBT and EMDR.
(02) 4214 4927 View (02) 4214 4927
Photo of Jodie Amanda Rodgers, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Jodie Amanda Rodgers
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
With over 15 years of experience I welcome children, adolescents and young adults up to the age of 25 for individual and family therapy. Working with a variety of concerns, I aim to provide a safe space for young clients to have a voice, and explore their current situations. I offer an approach that is tailored to suit the individuals needs offering, empathy, warmth and curiosity.
With over 15 years of experience I welcome children, adolescents and young adults up to the age of 25 for individual and family therapy. Working with a variety of concerns, I aim to provide a safe space for young clients to have a voice, and explore their current situations. I offer an approach that is tailored to suit the individuals needs offering, empathy, warmth and curiosity.
(02) 4214 8210 View (02) 4214 8210

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Oran Park, NSW

20+

Average cost per session

$165

Counsellors in Oran Park, NSW who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
85% Coping Skills
80% Relationship Issues
80% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
75% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Medicare Rebates
46% Bupa
46% NDIS

How Counsellors in Oran Park, NSW see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

70% Female
30% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Oran Park?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.