Counselling in Mona Vale, NSW

Photo of Amanda Moore, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Amanda Moore
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Are you struggling with managing your emotions? Do you feel overwhelmed with life at times? Is it difficult for you to ask for what you need? Are you experiencing difficulty in your relationships? Do you feel like you are not being heard? Are you new to parenthood and need some guidance? I can help you manage anxiety and depression, or help with building self-esteem and resilience, and manage the struggles that might stem from situational difficulties and life changes. You will be met with warmth, in a safe, non-judgemental environment.
Are you struggling with managing your emotions? Do you feel overwhelmed with life at times? Is it difficult for you to ask for what you need? Are you experiencing difficulty in your relationships? Do you feel like you are not being heard? Are you new to parenthood and need some guidance? I can help you manage anxiety and depression, or help with building self-esteem and resilience, and manage the struggles that might stem from situational difficulties and life changes. You will be met with warmth, in a safe, non-judgemental environment.
(02) 8403 1833 View (02) 8403 1833
Photo of Sarah Beetham - Sarah Beetham Psychotherapist, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Sarah Beetham Psychotherapist
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
2 Endorsed
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Have you been unable to move beyond entrenched unhealthy relational patterns or addictive behaviours deeply impacting your emotional, psychological & physical well-being? The repetitive nature of these unhealthy thoughts, behaviours & feelings are what leads most clients through my door. My task as your counsellor is to provide an environment that disrupts your current level of functioning or repetitive patterns & move you towards change & renewed progression. I observe your Discrepancies or Mixed Messages & Inner Conflicts within your Narrative, Story & Behaviours, regarding the most personal dimensions of your Life Challenges.
Have you been unable to move beyond entrenched unhealthy relational patterns or addictive behaviours deeply impacting your emotional, psychological & physical well-being? The repetitive nature of these unhealthy thoughts, behaviours & feelings are what leads most clients through my door. My task as your counsellor is to provide an environment that disrupts your current level of functioning or repetitive patterns & move you towards change & renewed progression. I observe your Discrepancies or Mixed Messages & Inner Conflicts within your Narrative, Story & Behaviours, regarding the most personal dimensions of your Life Challenges.
(02) 8074 3973 View (02) 8074 3973
Photo of Bianca Winter-Mallari, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Bianca Winter-Mallari
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Online Only
I specialise in supporting adult survivors of childhood trauma in healing from CPTSD. Listen to my podcast Healing CPTSD, available on Spotify and Apple Podcasts, for more resources and information.
I specialise in supporting adult survivors of childhood trauma in healing from CPTSD. Listen to my podcast Healing CPTSD, available on Spotify and Apple Podcasts, for more resources and information.
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Photo of Julie Anne Preston - Julie Preston Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Julie Preston Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Julie is an experienced Registered Psychologist with a strong background in substance and process addictions, PTSD and developmental trauma, relationships issues, mood disorders and eating disorders. Julie’s empathic and wholehearted approach creates an environment for clients to feel safe to be able to be vulnerable and explore underlying issues to their presenting problems. She is registered with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency and has been a member of the Australian Psychological Society. Julie also received training from The Institute for the Psychology of Eating and is a qualified Eating Psychology Coach.
Julie is an experienced Registered Psychologist with a strong background in substance and process addictions, PTSD and developmental trauma, relationships issues, mood disorders and eating disorders. Julie’s empathic and wholehearted approach creates an environment for clients to feel safe to be able to be vulnerable and explore underlying issues to their presenting problems. She is registered with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency and has been a member of the Australian Psychological Society. Julie also received training from The Institute for the Psychology of Eating and is a qualified Eating Psychology Coach.
(02) 9909 6171 View (02) 9909 6171
Photo of Jane Macnaught, Counsellor, PACFA
Jane Macnaught
Counsellor, PACFA
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Overwhelmed. Stressed. Anxious. Exhausted. Overcome with grief. Feeling low in self esteem. Struggling. In pain & suffering. Lack of direction. Distressed. Panic. Numb. Disconnected. If you relate to any or many of these feelings then I may be able to help you move through these states to feeling more connected, empowered, happier, and energised to live a more wholehearted life.
Overwhelmed. Stressed. Anxious. Exhausted. Overcome with grief. Feeling low in self esteem. Struggling. In pain & suffering. Lack of direction. Distressed. Panic. Numb. Disconnected. If you relate to any or many of these feelings then I may be able to help you move through these states to feeling more connected, empowered, happier, and energised to live a more wholehearted life.
(02) 9158 6747 View (02) 9158 6747
Photo of Erin Kelso, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Erin Kelso
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
2 Endorsed
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Let's debunk the myth that therapy has to be doom and gloom. In fact, I want you to genuinely look forward to our sessions. As a Clinical psychologist, my focus is on creating an environment where you feel at ease sharing the highs, lows, and everything in between. Together, we will connect dots you may not have realised were there, all with the aim of sparking positive behavioural changes in your life.
Let's debunk the myth that therapy has to be doom and gloom. In fact, I want you to genuinely look forward to our sessions. As a Clinical psychologist, my focus is on creating an environment where you feel at ease sharing the highs, lows, and everything in between. Together, we will connect dots you may not have realised were there, all with the aim of sparking positive behavioural changes in your life.
(02) 8403 1271 View (02) 8403 1271
Photo of Jessie Booth, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Jessie Booth
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Jessie’s unwavering belief in the possibility of change and optimal health is contagious and will enable you to make positive and meaningful changes in your life. Successful therapy is about connection, and this is one of Jessie’s particular strengths. Her aim is to make your session comfortable and productive, without over-reliance on worksheets and psychological theory. With her down to earth approach it becomes easy for you to slip into “doing the work”. With warmth and curiosity, Jessie will gently challenge you to face the hard stuff, providing the space you need to begin to heal.
Jessie’s unwavering belief in the possibility of change and optimal health is contagious and will enable you to make positive and meaningful changes in your life. Successful therapy is about connection, and this is one of Jessie’s particular strengths. Her aim is to make your session comfortable and productive, without over-reliance on worksheets and psychological theory. With her down to earth approach it becomes easy for you to slip into “doing the work”. With warmth and curiosity, Jessie will gently challenge you to face the hard stuff, providing the space you need to begin to heal.
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Photo of Chloe Anna Smith, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Chloe Anna Smith
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Helping anxious women heal from emotional chaos and dysfunctional relationship patterns. Learn to befriend your feelings, so you can navigate life with greater ease and build thriving relationships.
Helping anxious women heal from emotional chaos and dysfunctional relationship patterns. Learn to befriend your feelings, so you can navigate life with greater ease and build thriving relationships.
(02) 8403 2080 View (02) 8403 2080
Photo of Alison Glass - Alison Glass - EMDR & Trauma Treatment, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Alison Glass - EMDR & Trauma Treatment
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Not accepting new clients
Alison is passionate about the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, addictions and eating disorders with a particular interest and training in treating Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Alison uses an integrative approach to enable her to tailor therapy to the individual client’s needs, integrating EMDR with other therapies. She is experienced in working with older adolescents and adults presenting with eating disorders, mood, anxiety disorders, grief and phobias.
Alison is passionate about the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, addictions and eating disorders with a particular interest and training in treating Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Alison uses an integrative approach to enable her to tailor therapy to the individual client’s needs, integrating EMDR with other therapies. She is experienced in working with older adolescents and adults presenting with eating disorders, mood, anxiety disorders, grief and phobias.
(02) 8806 0772 View (02) 8806 0772
Photo of April Elizabeth Bristow, Psychotherapist, PACFA
April Elizabeth Bristow
Psychotherapist, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Emotional pain, trauma and relationship troubles cloud a perception self. Having relief from internal pain. Identity conflict, and lack of self worth, is met with revelation, reverence and renewed self honour. Domestic Violence experiences lead to a lack of ability to trust one's self. Solidify your internal resilience, one step at a time. Vulnerability, with a sense of lack in childhood leads to attachment and addiction malfunction. Your inner child voice can be validated, bringing healing to the wounded little one. Explore/ envision/ heal/ revive/ thrive, your choice. Complete care, and focus on you.
Emotional pain, trauma and relationship troubles cloud a perception self. Having relief from internal pain. Identity conflict, and lack of self worth, is met with revelation, reverence and renewed self honour. Domestic Violence experiences lead to a lack of ability to trust one's self. Solidify your internal resilience, one step at a time. Vulnerability, with a sense of lack in childhood leads to attachment and addiction malfunction. Your inner child voice can be validated, bringing healing to the wounded little one. Explore/ envision/ heal/ revive/ thrive, your choice. Complete care, and focus on you.
(02) 8403 2671 View (02) 8403 2671
Photo of Anita Johanna van Aken, Psychologist, MA, MAPS
Anita Johanna van Aken
Psychologist, MA, MAPS
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Anita recognizes we all experience challenging times in our lives and mostly we are resilient beings that have strategies to manage upsetting situations well. At times however when there is too much happening in our lives we need assistance to deal with stress, anxiety and depression. Anita will coach you to build on your strengths and provide strategies to cope better. Utilizing Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Bowen Family Systems treatment Anita will coach you to understand the problem you are experiencing and how it is expressed. The problem or symptom is not in the individual but often a reaction to relationship sensitivities.
Anita recognizes we all experience challenging times in our lives and mostly we are resilient beings that have strategies to manage upsetting situations well. At times however when there is too much happening in our lives we need assistance to deal with stress, anxiety and depression. Anita will coach you to build on your strengths and provide strategies to cope better. Utilizing Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Bowen Family Systems treatment Anita will coach you to understand the problem you are experiencing and how it is expressed. The problem or symptom is not in the individual but often a reaction to relationship sensitivities.
(02) 8806 0441 View (02) 8806 0441
Photo of Penny Lucas, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Penny Lucas
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Sometimes life can be overwhelming. Navigating challenging relationships, feeling emotionally burnt out, anxious and unsupported can start to take a toll. Perhaps feelings of grief and loss feel too great to overcome. I understand the many pains life can present us with and the benefit that counselling can provide in navigating such difficulties. Counselling provides a space for sharing your story, exploring your own inner wisdom, insights and new perspectives with compassionate support. You may start to notice changes such as less reactivity, less irritation, improved connection with friends, loved ones and yourself.
Sometimes life can be overwhelming. Navigating challenging relationships, feeling emotionally burnt out, anxious and unsupported can start to take a toll. Perhaps feelings of grief and loss feel too great to overcome. I understand the many pains life can present us with and the benefit that counselling can provide in navigating such difficulties. Counselling provides a space for sharing your story, exploring your own inner wisdom, insights and new perspectives with compassionate support. You may start to notice changes such as less reactivity, less irritation, improved connection with friends, loved ones and yourself.
(02) 8403 1818 View (02) 8403 1818
Photo of Stephanie Elizabeth Guerin, Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Stephanie Elizabeth Guerin
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
I work with several modalities with clients to meet the presenting needs of the client. My focus is to build rapport and a safe therapeutic relationship that fosters trust and exploration. I meet the client where they are currently at in their lives to address their concerns and needs. My professional experience covers issues relating to mental health and well-being including depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, disordered eating and body issues, relationship challenges and separations, life transitions , childhood trauma and codependency . I work from a trauma informed perspective to build safety and agency with the client.
I work with several modalities with clients to meet the presenting needs of the client. My focus is to build rapport and a safe therapeutic relationship that fosters trust and exploration. I meet the client where they are currently at in their lives to address their concerns and needs. My professional experience covers issues relating to mental health and well-being including depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, disordered eating and body issues, relationship challenges and separations, life transitions , childhood trauma and codependency . I work from a trauma informed perspective to build safety and agency with the client.
(02) 8403 2371 View (02) 8403 2371
Photo of Vanessa Steele, Counsellor, ACA-L4
Vanessa Steele
Counsellor, ACA-L4
2 Endorsed
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
As your counsellor, I work with you to meet the challenges in your life as you experience them. In a safe, caring space you are free to express your feelings, be heard and understood: where you can honestly explore your concerns. Together, we can clarify what kind of life you want to live, recognise your strengths and resources, discover your options, increase your self-awareness, and develop strategies to help you live your life the way you choose. My background in the performing arts has given me an appreciation of the incredible diversity in perspectives and choices we make as individuals, and to truly value the human spirit.
As your counsellor, I work with you to meet the challenges in your life as you experience them. In a safe, caring space you are free to express your feelings, be heard and understood: where you can honestly explore your concerns. Together, we can clarify what kind of life you want to live, recognise your strengths and resources, discover your options, increase your self-awareness, and develop strategies to help you live your life the way you choose. My background in the performing arts has given me an appreciation of the incredible diversity in perspectives and choices we make as individuals, and to truly value the human spirit.
(02) 8403 1873 View (02) 8403 1873
Photo of Kit Pope (Wild Precious Therapy), Psychotherapist, PACFA
Kit Pope (Wild Precious Therapy)
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
Therapy for individuals and couples. Specialism in ADHD. Whether you're seeking deeper understanding, fresh insight, relief from emotional distress, or a way to break free of old patterns, I can help you navigate the complexities of life and relationships to make meaningful change. Therapy isn't a one size fits all. I take great care to deeply understand your experiences and needs. I tailor an approach that integrates the most effective therapeutic methods to benefit you, built on a deep understanding of the unique challenges and opportunities ADHD can bring.
Therapy for individuals and couples. Specialism in ADHD. Whether you're seeking deeper understanding, fresh insight, relief from emotional distress, or a way to break free of old patterns, I can help you navigate the complexities of life and relationships to make meaningful change. Therapy isn't a one size fits all. I take great care to deeply understand your experiences and needs. I tailor an approach that integrates the most effective therapeutic methods to benefit you, built on a deep understanding of the unique challenges and opportunities ADHD can bring.
(02) 8403 1797 View (02) 8403 1797
Photo of Tracey Jarvis, Psychologist, MA, MAPS
Tracey Jarvis
Psychologist, MA, MAPS
Online Only
I am a highly experienced and compassionate therapist, working with people who have trauma and mental health issues. I work with people to enhance happiness and find positive solutions. Everybody is different so I listen and tailor my work to each person's individual personality.
I am a highly experienced and compassionate therapist, working with people who have trauma and mental health issues. I work with people to enhance happiness and find positive solutions. Everybody is different so I listen and tailor my work to each person's individual personality.
(02) 8403 0506 View (02) 8403 0506
Photo of Isabel Alfonso, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Isabel Alfonso
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
My approach is flexible and tailored your needs and preferences. I offer practical strategies to help you cope better from the start, while reaching deeper to the root cause of your issues, in order to promote lasting change. I won’t judge you or tell you what to do. Instead, I will support you while you find your own answers. I work with adolescents (14+) and adults with a wide range of issues, such as anxiety, stress, relationship problems, burnout, trauma, gambling, hoarding, grief, depression, emotion regulation, body image.
My approach is flexible and tailored your needs and preferences. I offer practical strategies to help you cope better from the start, while reaching deeper to the root cause of your issues, in order to promote lasting change. I won’t judge you or tell you what to do. Instead, I will support you while you find your own answers. I work with adolescents (14+) and adults with a wide range of issues, such as anxiety, stress, relationship problems, burnout, trauma, gambling, hoarding, grief, depression, emotion regulation, body image.
(02) 8403 2981 View (02) 8403 2981
Photo of Lisa Paul - Lisa Paul Counselling/Psychotherapy, Counsellor, PACFA
Lisa Paul Counselling/Psychotherapy
Counsellor, PACFA
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
You might be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or simply not yourself—especially in the midst of pregnancy, early parenting, or after a difficult birth. Maybe old wounds have resurfaced, or the grief of what you hoped for feels heavy. You’re used to coping, but lately it’s harder. You long to feel more grounded, more like you. You want someone who gets it—who won’t judge, rush, or try to “fix” you. You want space to breathe, talk, cry if needed, and be gently supported through what feels like too much to carry on your own. You don’t have to face it all on your own.
You might be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or simply not yourself—especially in the midst of pregnancy, early parenting, or after a difficult birth. Maybe old wounds have resurfaced, or the grief of what you hoped for feels heavy. You’re used to coping, but lately it’s harder. You long to feel more grounded, more like you. You want someone who gets it—who won’t judge, rush, or try to “fix” you. You want space to breathe, talk, cry if needed, and be gently supported through what feels like too much to carry on your own. You don’t have to face it all on your own.
(02) 8069 9763 View (02) 8069 9763
Photo of Tania Nadine Fahey, Counsellor, PACFA
Tania Nadine Fahey
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
As a therapist I aim to help clients learn how to honour and understand their resistance and difficulty with life challenges as an outdated coping mechanism which originally was formed to serve as a self-preservation and adaptive function. In facilitating a pathway for change by walking alongside my client creating a safe and supportive environment towards self-awareness and the discovery that you are the expert in your life. My practice is trauma informed with a humanistic person centred approach. I will meet you with compassion , curiosity and connection, working towards your future goals, innate healing, health and happiness.
As a therapist I aim to help clients learn how to honour and understand their resistance and difficulty with life challenges as an outdated coping mechanism which originally was formed to serve as a self-preservation and adaptive function. In facilitating a pathway for change by walking alongside my client creating a safe and supportive environment towards self-awareness and the discovery that you are the expert in your life. My practice is trauma informed with a humanistic person centred approach. I will meet you with compassion , curiosity and connection, working towards your future goals, innate healing, health and happiness.
(02) 8403 0752 View (02) 8403 0752
Photo of Corona Brady, Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Corona Brady
Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Online Only
I see you. You might be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or disconnected-from yourself, your body, or the life you long to be living. Maybe you're navigating difficult relationships, persistent stress, or patterns of self-doubt that feel impossible to shift. You might not have the words for it, but deep down, you sense something isn’t quite right-and you’re ready for a different way forward. As a trauma-informed somatic psychotherapist and yoga teacher, I take a gentle yet powerful approach, guiding you to reconnect with your body’s wisdom, regulate your nervous system, and cultivate emotional resilience.
I see you. You might be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or disconnected-from yourself, your body, or the life you long to be living. Maybe you're navigating difficult relationships, persistent stress, or patterns of self-doubt that feel impossible to shift. You might not have the words for it, but deep down, you sense something isn’t quite right-and you’re ready for a different way forward. As a trauma-informed somatic psychotherapist and yoga teacher, I take a gentle yet powerful approach, guiding you to reconnect with your body’s wisdom, regulate your nervous system, and cultivate emotional resilience.
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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Mona Vale, NSW

30+

Average cost per session

$165

Counsellors in Mona Vale, NSW who prioritize treating:

82% Relationship Issues
82% Depression
82% Anxiety
79% Self Esteem
79% Stress
68% Coping Skills
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% Bupa
58% Medibank Private
42% Other

How Counsellors in Mona Vale, NSW see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Mona Vale?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.