Psychologists and Therapists in Miranda, NSW

Photo of Fiona Simson - Fiona Simson - Umbra Psychology , Psychologist, PsyBA General
Fiona Simson - Umbra Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Miranda, NSW 2228
Are you seeking some support with your mental health, resilience and emotional balance? Are you experiencing some current or past challenges? Life can be full of ups and downs, and I'm here to support you through some of the challenging times. I have a special interest in perinatal psychology, supporting parents from pre-conception through to parenthood. Whilst parenthood can be joyous, the overwhelm of parenthood, adjustment to change and change in relationship dynamics can be tough. Do you have a workers compensation claim, or some workplace concerns? Need some career coaching to support a change in direction?
Are you seeking some support with your mental health, resilience and emotional balance? Are you experiencing some current or past challenges? Life can be full of ups and downs, and I'm here to support you through some of the challenging times. I have a special interest in perinatal psychology, supporting parents from pre-conception through to parenthood. Whilst parenthood can be joyous, the overwhelm of parenthood, adjustment to change and change in relationship dynamics can be tough. Do you have a workers compensation claim, or some workplace concerns? Need some career coaching to support a change in direction?
(02) 7501 0531 View (02) 7501 0531
Photo of Angela Yazbeck - The Mind Health Clinic, Psychotherapist, PACFA
The Mind Health Clinic
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Online Only
The Mind Health Clinic is dedicated to providing wellbeing support to individuals experiencing challenging moments in their lives. We tailor our services to meet the unique needs of each individual in order to encourage positive developments and perspective growth in our clients. We work collaboratively and ethically with our clients to achieve therapeutic goals and transform insights into effective action. Our clinicians are Miss Angela Yazbeck and Miss Adriana Cvitan. Both hold a Masters in Psychotherapy and Counselling and are registered psychotherapist and counsellors with PACFA.
The Mind Health Clinic is dedicated to providing wellbeing support to individuals experiencing challenging moments in their lives. We tailor our services to meet the unique needs of each individual in order to encourage positive developments and perspective growth in our clients. We work collaboratively and ethically with our clients to achieve therapeutic goals and transform insights into effective action. Our clinicians are Miss Angela Yazbeck and Miss Adriana Cvitan. Both hold a Masters in Psychotherapy and Counselling and are registered psychotherapist and counsellors with PACFA.
(02) 9538 7702 View (02) 9538 7702
Photo of Carlie Jordan, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Carlie Jordan
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Miranda, NSW 2228
I’m a Clinical Psychologist with 17 years experience, supporting adults and adolescents (15 yrs +) experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, trauma, relationship difficulties, grief and loss, chronic health concerns, and life transitions. I provide a warm and non-judgemental space where clients feel comfortable exploring their concerns and work towards meaningful change. My approach to therapy is collaborative and practical. I understand that reaching out for support can feel overwhelming, and I aim to create a therapeutic environment where clients feel heard, understood, and supported at their own pace.
I’m a Clinical Psychologist with 17 years experience, supporting adults and adolescents (15 yrs +) experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, trauma, relationship difficulties, grief and loss, chronic health concerns, and life transitions. I provide a warm and non-judgemental space where clients feel comfortable exploring their concerns and work towards meaningful change. My approach to therapy is collaborative and practical. I understand that reaching out for support can feel overwhelming, and I aim to create a therapeutic environment where clients feel heard, understood, and supported at their own pace.
(02) 9538 7561 View (02) 9538 7561
Photo of Robyn Thomas, MA
Robyn Thomas
Verified Verified
Miranda, NSW 2228
Robyn is a highly experienced and compassionate Mental Health Clinician, endorsed by Medicare to provide focused psychological strategies. She specialises in assessment and therapy for anxiety and panic, ADHD, Autism (ASD), depression, chronic stress, burnout, bipolar disorder, grief and loss, adapting to change, rebuilding self after a breakup, insomnia, chronic pain, migraines, and chronic fatigue. Robyn employs a neuroaffirmative and trauma-informed approach, ensuring that each client's unique needs are respected and addressed. She creates a safe and supportive environment where clients can feel seen and heard.
Robyn is a highly experienced and compassionate Mental Health Clinician, endorsed by Medicare to provide focused psychological strategies. She specialises in assessment and therapy for anxiety and panic, ADHD, Autism (ASD), depression, chronic stress, burnout, bipolar disorder, grief and loss, adapting to change, rebuilding self after a breakup, insomnia, chronic pain, migraines, and chronic fatigue. Robyn employs a neuroaffirmative and trauma-informed approach, ensuring that each client's unique needs are respected and addressed. She creates a safe and supportive environment where clients can feel seen and heard.
(02) 9538 7564 View (02) 9538 7564
Photo of Susan Nash, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Susan Nash
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Miranda, NSW 2228
I see many clients who feel "stuck" and may need guidance in being able to move forward. I work with clients in exploring what they want to stand for in life, and how to take steps in moving towards their values.
I see many clients who feel "stuck" and may need guidance in being able to move forward. I work with clients in exploring what they want to stand for in life, and how to take steps in moving towards their values.
(02) 6189 2645 View (02) 6189 2645
Photo of Olivia Garnett, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Olivia Garnett
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Miranda, NSW 2228
I am a friendly and dedicated Clinical Psychologist passionate about helping clients overcome and manage psychological distress. I have experience in a range of settings including 10 years in private practice. I have training in CBT, ACT, DBT, Schema Therapy, EMDR and complex trauma therapy.
I am a friendly and dedicated Clinical Psychologist passionate about helping clients overcome and manage psychological distress. I have experience in a range of settings including 10 years in private practice. I have training in CBT, ACT, DBT, Schema Therapy, EMDR and complex trauma therapy.
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Photo of Sarah Chemaissem - Beyond NLP Coaching
Beyond NLP Coaching
Verified Verified
Serves Area
As a strategic psychotherapist and clinical hypnotherapist, I welcome those seeking to overcome stagnation and renew their personal journeys. Many want to break free from habits and find purpose. You're looking for guidance to see anew and navigate life's challenges. Your aim is growth across all aspects of life, a ripple effect leading to fulfillment. This means tackling concerns like anxiety, addictions, overthinking, and stress. Your drive is rooted in believing in second chances.
As a strategic psychotherapist and clinical hypnotherapist, I welcome those seeking to overcome stagnation and renew their personal journeys. Many want to break free from habits and find purpose. You're looking for guidance to see anew and navigate life's challenges. Your aim is growth across all aspects of life, a ripple effect leading to fulfillment. This means tackling concerns like anxiety, addictions, overthinking, and stress. Your drive is rooted in believing in second chances.
(02) 4606 4994 View (02) 4606 4994
Photo of Miranda Moir, Social Worker, AMHSW
Miranda Moir
Social Worker, AMHSW
Serves Area
Do you feel stuck, overwhelmed, anxious or depressed and want to finally be free of these burdens? With more than 20 yrs experience, I listen deeply to what you want to change and use a skilled approach to alleviate these burdens. My clients describe me as authentic, warm, kind, trustworthy and down to earth. I have a particular interest working with: - neurodivergent women experiencing anxiety or depression - those living with the legacy of their past or abusive relationships - people struggling with low self esteem, perfectionism or people pleasing - those who want to move beyond bandaid strategies and create full healing.
Do you feel stuck, overwhelmed, anxious or depressed and want to finally be free of these burdens? With more than 20 yrs experience, I listen deeply to what you want to change and use a skilled approach to alleviate these burdens. My clients describe me as authentic, warm, kind, trustworthy and down to earth. I have a particular interest working with: - neurodivergent women experiencing anxiety or depression - those living with the legacy of their past or abusive relationships - people struggling with low self esteem, perfectionism or people pleasing - those who want to move beyond bandaid strategies and create full healing.
(02) 7501 1601 View (02) 7501 1601
Photo of Dr Gaye Cameron, Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Dr Gaye Cameron
Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Serves Area
Dr Gaye Cameron - Sydney NSW. Professionally Registered Psychotherapist & Accredited Social Worker, offering professional services to busy people. Gaye's career spans over 30+ years, including Government & Private Enterprise, she possesses both Graduate & Post Graduate Degrees including Psychological Science, Counselling & Social Work, as well as Master Business Administration. Gaye understands that people may be experiencing difficulties in life for varying reasons, and taking the time to talk to a professional can help you resolve and put at ease your concerns.  Reach out today, the phone call is the start to getting support now.
Dr Gaye Cameron - Sydney NSW. Professionally Registered Psychotherapist & Accredited Social Worker, offering professional services to busy people. Gaye's career spans over 30+ years, including Government & Private Enterprise, she possesses both Graduate & Post Graduate Degrees including Psychological Science, Counselling & Social Work, as well as Master Business Administration. Gaye understands that people may be experiencing difficulties in life for varying reasons, and taking the time to talk to a professional can help you resolve and put at ease your concerns.  Reach out today, the phone call is the start to getting support now.
(02) 8074 1636 View (02) 8074 1636
W W Wellness
Psychotherapist, MA
Online Only
I work with individuals, couples, and professionals who want to better understand the patterns affecting their communication, confidence, relationships, performance, and emotional wellbeing. Many clients come to me feeling stuck in repeating cycles — difficulty speaking up, conflict that keeps returning, self-doubt, stress, emotional overwhelm, people-pleasing, avoidance, or a sense that they are not showing up as fully as they would like in life, work, or relationships. My work supports clients to make sense of these patterns, understand what may be driving them, and develop clearer, more grounded ways of responding.
I work with individuals, couples, and professionals who want to better understand the patterns affecting their communication, confidence, relationships, performance, and emotional wellbeing. Many clients come to me feeling stuck in repeating cycles — difficulty speaking up, conflict that keeps returning, self-doubt, stress, emotional overwhelm, people-pleasing, avoidance, or a sense that they are not showing up as fully as they would like in life, work, or relationships. My work supports clients to make sense of these patterns, understand what may be driving them, and develop clearer, more grounded ways of responding.
(02) 9538 7681 View (02) 9538 7681
Photo of Jessica Lau, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Jessica Lau
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
As a Registered Psychologist, I have a passion for helping individuals navigate the complexities of life, I am committed to providing a compassionate and supportive environment for all my clients. My approach is grounded in kindness and empathy, recognising that each person’s journey is unique and deserving of respect.
As a Registered Psychologist, I have a passion for helping individuals navigate the complexities of life, I am committed to providing a compassionate and supportive environment for all my clients. My approach is grounded in kindness and empathy, recognising that each person’s journey is unique and deserving of respect.
(02) 9538 7005 View (02) 9538 7005
Photo of Rachel Pollard, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Rachel Pollard
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Hi, I’m Rachel. I’m a Clinical Psychologist and the Founder of Still Mind Studio Psychology. With a deep commitment to evidence-based practice and genuine human connection, I aim to create a safe, non-judgmental space where clients feel heard, understood, and supported. My approach blends warmth and professionalism with practical strategies tailored to each person’s unique needs and goals. I work collaboratively with clients to explore their experiences, build resilience, and ultimately foster lasting positive change.
Hi, I’m Rachel. I’m a Clinical Psychologist and the Founder of Still Mind Studio Psychology. With a deep commitment to evidence-based practice and genuine human connection, I aim to create a safe, non-judgmental space where clients feel heard, understood, and supported. My approach blends warmth and professionalism with practical strategies tailored to each person’s unique needs and goals. I work collaboratively with clients to explore their experiences, build resilience, and ultimately foster lasting positive change.
(02) 7501 1448 View (02) 7501 1448
Photo of Mona Mattar - Lighthouse Therapeutic, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Lighthouse Therapeutic
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Serves Area
Are you finding it hard to cope with day-to-day stressors? Are you struggling with food and body image, such as restricting, bingeing, purging, or yo-yo dieting? Do intrusive thoughts, images, or compulsions feel like they are taking over your life? Perhaps your use of drugs or alcohol has increased or feels out of control, or your anxiety is holding you back. Maybe you are wanting to foster stronger relationships and find more effective ways to deal with conflict, regulate emotions, or assert boundaries.
Are you finding it hard to cope with day-to-day stressors? Are you struggling with food and body image, such as restricting, bingeing, purging, or yo-yo dieting? Do intrusive thoughts, images, or compulsions feel like they are taking over your life? Perhaps your use of drugs or alcohol has increased or feels out of control, or your anxiety is holding you back. Maybe you are wanting to foster stronger relationships and find more effective ways to deal with conflict, regulate emotions, or assert boundaries.
0460 832 082 View 0460 832 082
Photo of Manna Maniago, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Manna Maniago
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
Are you hurting and feeling hopeless? If that's what brought you here, it may be time for us to talk. Distress, anxiety and stress from life's issues may be getting in the way of your achieving your personal goals. Together we can change your life story from defeat to one where you can tell yourself "I CAN deal with it! And I WILL overcome!". Are you ready to feel hopeful again and take the reins back on your life?
Are you hurting and feeling hopeless? If that's what brought you here, it may be time for us to talk. Distress, anxiety and stress from life's issues may be getting in the way of your achieving your personal goals. Together we can change your life story from defeat to one where you can tell yourself "I CAN deal with it! And I WILL overcome!". Are you ready to feel hopeful again and take the reins back on your life?
(02) 8074 5259 View (02) 8074 5259
Photo of Adam Finch, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Adam Finch
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
I'm a Clinical Psychologist with over 20 years experience across private and public mental health settings. I provide therapy for people aged 15+ and draw from a range of approaches, including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Schema Therapy and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy to suit the individual's needs. My therapy involves developing a clear understanding of the origins of psychological patterns as well as skill-based strategies for meeting personal goals in the here and now.
I'm a Clinical Psychologist with over 20 years experience across private and public mental health settings. I provide therapy for people aged 15+ and draw from a range of approaches, including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Schema Therapy and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy to suit the individual's needs. My therapy involves developing a clear understanding of the origins of psychological patterns as well as skill-based strategies for meeting personal goals in the here and now.
(02) 4214 4833 View (02) 4214 4833
Photo of Steven Passfield, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Steven Passfield
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Steven is a psychologist who provides a calming presence to aid individuals understand and resolve their struggles within a relaxed environment. Steven emphasises the individuality of each client to ensure that they are seen as more than a diagnosis and receive an intervention tailored to their needs. Steven has completed a Bachelor of Psychological Science (Honours) and Master of Clinical Psychology. Steven has had experience working within public and private settings to address a variety of presenting issues, including anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma.
Steven is a psychologist who provides a calming presence to aid individuals understand and resolve their struggles within a relaxed environment. Steven emphasises the individuality of each client to ensure that they are seen as more than a diagnosis and receive an intervention tailored to their needs. Steven has completed a Bachelor of Psychological Science (Honours) and Master of Clinical Psychology. Steven has had experience working within public and private settings to address a variety of presenting issues, including anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma.
(02) 8105 6288 View (02) 8105 6288
Photo of Michelle Broekhuyse, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Michelle Broekhuyse
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I'm a registered psychologist who is passionate about ensuring my clients feel heard, validated, and respected, whilst empowering them to utilise their strengths and make changes to achieve a more fulfilling life. I have a gentle therapeutic style and work collaboratively, tailoring my treatment specifically for every client.
I'm a registered psychologist who is passionate about ensuring my clients feel heard, validated, and respected, whilst empowering them to utilise their strengths and make changes to achieve a more fulfilling life. I have a gentle therapeutic style and work collaboratively, tailoring my treatment specifically for every client.
(02) 7501 1203 View (02) 7501 1203
Photo of Fiona Tzouramanis, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Fiona Tzouramanis
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Fiona is a Registered Psychologist and Marte Meo Therapist, who has provided counselling and therapy to children, adolescents, adults and families for approximately 15 years. Fiona takes a multi-disciplinary approach to her work, involving school staff, Medical and Allied Health practitioners where appropriate to ensure each client has the support they need to have the best chance at success in therapy. Fiona is client focused and believes in the importance of developing a trusting therapeutic relationship with each of her clients in order to meet their needs and to provide the best outcome.
Fiona is a Registered Psychologist and Marte Meo Therapist, who has provided counselling and therapy to children, adolescents, adults and families for approximately 15 years. Fiona takes a multi-disciplinary approach to her work, involving school staff, Medical and Allied Health practitioners where appropriate to ensure each client has the support they need to have the best chance at success in therapy. Fiona is client focused and believes in the importance of developing a trusting therapeutic relationship with each of her clients in order to meet their needs and to provide the best outcome.
(02) 8766 0513 View (02) 8766 0513
Photo of Tiffany Valente - Brainspotting, EMDR, IFS ClinPsy- Tiffany Valente , Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Brainspotting, EMDR, IFS ClinPsy- Tiffany Valente
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Online Only
You may appear to be functioning well on the outside. But inside, something still feels unresolved. You've done the reading, perhaps even the therapy, and yet the patterns persist. The weight hasn't lifted. Something deeper is asking to be met. I'm a Clinical Psychologist offering online therapy across Australia, working at the intersection of trauma healing and depth psychology. I draw on EMDR, Brainspotting, Internal Family Systems and somatic approaches to work with the parts of you that talking alone hasn't reached. Not just processing what happened, but exploring who you are becoming.
You may appear to be functioning well on the outside. But inside, something still feels unresolved. You've done the reading, perhaps even the therapy, and yet the patterns persist. The weight hasn't lifted. Something deeper is asking to be met. I'm a Clinical Psychologist offering online therapy across Australia, working at the intersection of trauma healing and depth psychology. I draw on EMDR, Brainspotting, Internal Family Systems and somatic approaches to work with the parts of you that talking alone hasn't reached. Not just processing what happened, but exploring who you are becoming.
(03) 7003 2560 View (03) 7003 2560
Photo of Liza Michelle James - Liza James Counselling , Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
Liza James Counselling
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
Serves Area
Liza James is a registered Counsellor with the Australian Counselling Association (ACA), dedicated to helping people navigate the complexities of relationships, friendships, family dynamics, and the challenges of school and work—along with the stress and anxiety that often accompany them. With a supportive and approachable style, Liza creates a safe and relaxed space where you can explore new ways to build deeper, more fulfilling connections and effectively manage life’s difficulties. You set the pace, and she’ll be there to guide and support you every step of the way
Liza James is a registered Counsellor with the Australian Counselling Association (ACA), dedicated to helping people navigate the complexities of relationships, friendships, family dynamics, and the challenges of school and work—along with the stress and anxiety that often accompany them. With a supportive and approachable style, Liza creates a safe and relaxed space where you can explore new ways to build deeper, more fulfilling connections and effectively manage life’s difficulties. You set the pace, and she’ll be there to guide and support you every step of the way
(02) 7501 0289 View (02) 7501 0289

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Psychologists and Therapists in Miranda, NSW

40+

Average cost per session

$185

Psychologists and Therapists in Miranda, NSW who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
84% Self Esteem
84% Stress
82% Trauma and PTSD
57% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Medicare Rebates
44% NDIS
41% Bupa

How Psychologists and Therapists in Miranda, NSW see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Miranda?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.