Counselling in Mid North Coast, NSW

View suburbs and cities in Mid North Coast
Photo of Margot Lynda Edwards
Margot Lynda Edwards
Verified Verified
Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450
I work to uncover and transform the issues which underlie the anxiety or depression rather than just treat the symptoms. These are usually wounds from childhood which we were unable to deal with as they occurred. I also work with trauma, initially to stabilise and build trust, moving onto trauma processing. I am inspired and intrigued by my clients creativity and spontaneity and always try to connect with where they're at, seeing the person as part of a whole system. I believe that healing comes from the client, I am just a facilitator.
I work to uncover and transform the issues which underlie the anxiety or depression rather than just treat the symptoms. These are usually wounds from childhood which we were unable to deal with as they occurred. I also work with trauma, initially to stabilise and build trust, moving onto trauma processing. I am inspired and intrigued by my clients creativity and spontaneity and always try to connect with where they're at, seeing the person as part of a whole system. I believe that healing comes from the client, I am just a facilitator.
(02) 5605 3913 View (02) 5605 3913
Photo of Catherine O'Leary - first things first counselling, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
first things first counselling
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am an experienced trauma-&IFS-informed therapist. I work well with people who are ready to do 'the work'. I briefly bring strategies that can be useful to your everyday life initially, relying on modalities such as mindfulness and polyvagal theory, before moving into deeper work based in Internal Family Systems (IFS), if and when the time is right. I assist/guide you to reveal and heal the parts of you that carry thoughts, feelings and behaviours that no longer serve you. It is not always doom and gloom. We work together light-heartedly to safely reveal your unconscious motivations and inner strength, towards lasting healing.
I am an experienced trauma-&IFS-informed therapist. I work well with people who are ready to do 'the work'. I briefly bring strategies that can be useful to your everyday life initially, relying on modalities such as mindfulness and polyvagal theory, before moving into deeper work based in Internal Family Systems (IFS), if and when the time is right. I assist/guide you to reveal and heal the parts of you that carry thoughts, feelings and behaviours that no longer serve you. It is not always doom and gloom. We work together light-heartedly to safely reveal your unconscious motivations and inner strength, towards lasting healing.
(02) 9100 0725 View (02) 9100 0725
Photo of Mary Stompe - Mary Stompe, Halech Holistic Health, Counsellor, PACFA
Mary Stompe, Halech Holistic Health
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you unhappy or dissatisfied in your career or personal life? Do you have low self-esteem or low confidence? Do you compare yourself to others, constantly feeling like you're not good enough? Are you navigating a major life change, feeling lost and seeking to regain a sense of meaning and purpose in your life? Perhaps you’ve tried therapy before and are seeking a more holistic alternative to the traditional clinical approach. I offer a compassionate, non-judgemental space for you to express yourself freely and explore your concerns in order to gain self-awareness, knowledge and skills to enhance your wellbeing and quality of life
Are you unhappy or dissatisfied in your career or personal life? Do you have low self-esteem or low confidence? Do you compare yourself to others, constantly feeling like you're not good enough? Are you navigating a major life change, feeling lost and seeking to regain a sense of meaning and purpose in your life? Perhaps you’ve tried therapy before and are seeking a more holistic alternative to the traditional clinical approach. I offer a compassionate, non-judgemental space for you to express yourself freely and explore your concerns in order to gain self-awareness, knowledge and skills to enhance your wellbeing and quality of life
(08) 7008 7258 View (08) 7008 7258
Photo of Alena Piccolruaz, Psychologist, MPsych, Assoc MAPS
Alena Piccolruaz
Psychologist, MPsych, Assoc MAPS
Verified Verified
Taree, NSW 2430
I have a special interest in working with children, adolescents, and families in addition to supporting mums and dads through pregnancy and post-pregnancy. Issues treated (but not limited to) include; anxiety, stress, depression, trauma, school issues, suicidal thinking, personality disorder, anger management, gender transitioning, self-harm, grief and loss, work related issues (Workcover accredited psych), life coaching, relationship matters, family mediation, court and legal reports and the teaching of parenting skills. I also offer couples, family and marital therapy. I am also an accredited Supervisor to other psychologists.
I have a special interest in working with children, adolescents, and families in addition to supporting mums and dads through pregnancy and post-pregnancy. Issues treated (but not limited to) include; anxiety, stress, depression, trauma, school issues, suicidal thinking, personality disorder, anger management, gender transitioning, self-harm, grief and loss, work related issues (Workcover accredited psych), life coaching, relationship matters, family mediation, court and legal reports and the teaching of parenting skills. I also offer couples, family and marital therapy. I am also an accredited Supervisor to other psychologists.
(02) 9159 6930 View (02) 9159 6930
Beata McLean
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Taree, NSW 2430
I have been working with people in various capacities and roles for almost twenty years, including people management, coaching, mentoring, personal and professional development, informal and formal counselling. In my counselling approach, I integrate several counselling therapies and psychotherapy approaches to suit each individual and their unique situation.
I have been working with people in various capacities and roles for almost twenty years, including people management, coaching, mentoring, personal and professional development, informal and formal counselling. In my counselling approach, I integrate several counselling therapies and psychotherapy approaches to suit each individual and their unique situation.
(02) 5501 7022 View (02) 5501 7022
Dr Julie-May Brown
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am an experienced, accredited EMDR and trauma-oriented clinician with extensive expertise in treating clinicians, veterans, and civilians. My approach is ethical, evidence-based, and client-centered, and draws upon a diverse repertoire of specialized skills and advanced training. I am committed to providing a safe, effective, and tailored therapeutic experience to my clients, many of whom are extremely vulnerable, and fearful of engaging with a therapist.
I am an experienced, accredited EMDR and trauma-oriented clinician with extensive expertise in treating clinicians, veterans, and civilians. My approach is ethical, evidence-based, and client-centered, and draws upon a diverse repertoire of specialized skills and advanced training. I am committed to providing a safe, effective, and tailored therapeutic experience to my clients, many of whom are extremely vulnerable, and fearful of engaging with a therapist.
0421 778 204 View 0421 778 204
Photo of Deborah Ann Petlueng - Empowered Lives Psychotherapy
Empowered Lives Psychotherapy
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you a woman who realises there are things holding you back from creating the life you desire? My unique approach using hypnotherapy & psychotherapy is specifically designed for women. I offer personalized online sessions that fit your schedule. You may have tried traditional counseling or psychology sessions, but found that even after months there is not much change in your life. Or, you may have found traditional therapy confronting and tiring. Psychotherapy and hypnotherapy delivers deep change within 3 sessions in a safe and relaxing way. Let’s work together to create the vibrant, fulfilling life you deserve.
Are you a woman who realises there are things holding you back from creating the life you desire? My unique approach using hypnotherapy & psychotherapy is specifically designed for women. I offer personalized online sessions that fit your schedule. You may have tried traditional counseling or psychology sessions, but found that even after months there is not much change in your life. Or, you may have found traditional therapy confronting and tiring. Psychotherapy and hypnotherapy delivers deep change within 3 sessions in a safe and relaxing way. Let’s work together to create the vibrant, fulfilling life you deserve.
(02) 5604 8653 View (02) 5604 8653
Photo of Samantha Duroska, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Samantha Duroska
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450
Currently accepting new clients. / Hi there, I’m Sammy, a Clinical Psychologist. In therapy, my goal is to make you feel seen and heard. You might find some of our sessions more intense than expected, but you’ll also leave with a stronger sense of self-worth. I’ll be here to support you as we work together to reach your goals, trusting the process and exploring what’s right for you. While I may not always have all the answers right away, I’ll do my best to guide and challenge you, offering support when you need it most.
Currently accepting new clients. / Hi there, I’m Sammy, a Clinical Psychologist. In therapy, my goal is to make you feel seen and heard. You might find some of our sessions more intense than expected, but you’ll also leave with a stronger sense of self-worth. I’ll be here to support you as we work together to reach your goals, trusting the process and exploring what’s right for you. While I may not always have all the answers right away, I’ll do my best to guide and challenge you, offering support when you need it most.
(03) 8338 1208 View (03) 8338 1208
Photo of Tricia Ang, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Tricia Ang
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450
Waitlist for new clients
I specialise in assisting children, adolescents and adults who have experienced trauma from shocking/terrifying events, or developmental/complex trauma, and are struggling with symptoms such as flashbacks, hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, overwhelming feelings of anger/ sadness/ anxiety/ shame, numbness, low self-worth, relationship/ boundary/ trust issues, powerlessness, and disconnection from self/others. Using a holistic approach that honours the mind-body connection, I'm dedicated to supporting individuals to transform chronic stuck patterns into deeper experiences of wellbeing, self-empowerment, freedom, joy and fulfilment.
I specialise in assisting children, adolescents and adults who have experienced trauma from shocking/terrifying events, or developmental/complex trauma, and are struggling with symptoms such as flashbacks, hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, overwhelming feelings of anger/ sadness/ anxiety/ shame, numbness, low self-worth, relationship/ boundary/ trust issues, powerlessness, and disconnection from self/others. Using a holistic approach that honours the mind-body connection, I'm dedicated to supporting individuals to transform chronic stuck patterns into deeper experiences of wellbeing, self-empowerment, freedom, joy and fulfilment.
(02) 5605 2890 View (02) 5605 2890
Photo of Olga Rubio Garcia, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Olga Rubio Garcia
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450
In my practice as a counsellor and expressive arts therapist, I provide a safe and supportive environment for those experiencing mental health and wellbeing challenges, including anxiety, depression, grief, or significant life changes. My therapeutic process supports your exploration of feelings and experiences whilst promoting personal growth, resilience and empowerment at every step of your journey. Diversity, inclusivity, collaboration and innovation are essential elements in my practice.
In my practice as a counsellor and expressive arts therapist, I provide a safe and supportive environment for those experiencing mental health and wellbeing challenges, including anxiety, depression, grief, or significant life changes. My therapeutic process supports your exploration of feelings and experiences whilst promoting personal growth, resilience and empowerment at every step of your journey. Diversity, inclusivity, collaboration and innovation are essential elements in my practice.
(02) 5662 2117 View (02) 5662 2117
Photo of Mali McAnarney - Thought-Full Counselling, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Thought-Full Counselling
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Port Macquarie, NSW 2444
Our mind can sometimes feel full, busy and out of control and we can become overwhelmed. Thought-Full Counselling aims to provide you with a thoughtful and tailored approach to best address your goals. You will be provided with a compassionate and considerate space to explore your thoughts, challenges and needs.
Our mind can sometimes feel full, busy and out of control and we can become overwhelmed. Thought-Full Counselling aims to provide you with a thoughtful and tailored approach to best address your goals. You will be provided with a compassionate and considerate space to explore your thoughts, challenges and needs.
(02) 5502 5926 View (02) 5502 5926
Photo of Janelle Maye Driscoll, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Janelle Maye Driscoll
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
People often come to therapy because they are facing challenges in their lives and they are wanting support, growth, and tools to move forward. It is such a privilege to walk along side them to help overcome these challenges and make positive changes in their lives. I work from a place of empathy and respect to assist people understand what is going on for them and look at new perspectives, attitudes, and reactions to problems. I work with individuals and couples, and have a passion for working with people from a range of cultures, people from the LGBTIQ+ community, and people with neurodiverse perspectives.
People often come to therapy because they are facing challenges in their lives and they are wanting support, growth, and tools to move forward. It is such a privilege to walk along side them to help overcome these challenges and make positive changes in their lives. I work from a place of empathy and respect to assist people understand what is going on for them and look at new perspectives, attitudes, and reactions to problems. I work with individuals and couples, and have a passion for working with people from a range of cultures, people from the LGBTIQ+ community, and people with neurodiverse perspectives.
(02) 5602 8214 View (02) 5602 8214
Photo of AJP Psychology - AJP Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
AJP Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450
A life event that destabilises us can create all range of emotions and behavioural responses without our awareness and in turn, cause additional distress to your life. When we feel threatened, challenged or overwhelmed - our thoughts, feelings and behaviours can be all consuming. Without emotional processing and resolving the distress can form unhealthy maladaptive responses and associations. Engaging in professional help to support you through these events can provide you adaptive ways to respond to your world. Be brave and reach out.
A life event that destabilises us can create all range of emotions and behavioural responses without our awareness and in turn, cause additional distress to your life. When we feel threatened, challenged or overwhelmed - our thoughts, feelings and behaviours can be all consuming. Without emotional processing and resolving the distress can form unhealthy maladaptive responses and associations. Engaging in professional help to support you through these events can provide you adaptive ways to respond to your world. Be brave and reach out.
(02) 5302 8029 View (02) 5302 8029
Photo of Relatable Jessica White, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Relatable Jessica White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Port Macquarie, NSW 2444
Hi, I provide a gentle approach to evidence based therapy for children, teens, adults and families to navigate through challenging times such as life transitions, family changes, mental health and all kinds of trauma. You are the expert in your life and my role is to support you to help you improve your connection to self, family and life your life, your way!
Hi, I provide a gentle approach to evidence based therapy for children, teens, adults and families to navigate through challenging times such as life transitions, family changes, mental health and all kinds of trauma. You are the expert in your life and my role is to support you to help you improve your connection to self, family and life your life, your way!
(02) 5503 7620 View (02) 5503 7620
Olivia Sakamoto
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Port Macquarie, NSW 2444
Olivia's experience as a Clinical Counsellor comes with more than 1.5 decades in private practice and pastoral care roles. Specialising in anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, workplace bullying, addictions, relationship counselling, family/blended, mediation, child and young adults, grief and anger management. Clientele utilise workplace EAP, Work Cover (SIRA qualified) and NDIS & private clients with an age range of 6 to 85 years. Face to Face, Video-link or Phone sessions are offered. Olivia who is known for her sincere, peaceful and non-judgmental manner uses evidence based therapies recognising there is no one size fits all.
Olivia's experience as a Clinical Counsellor comes with more than 1.5 decades in private practice and pastoral care roles. Specialising in anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, workplace bullying, addictions, relationship counselling, family/blended, mediation, child and young adults, grief and anger management. Clientele utilise workplace EAP, Work Cover (SIRA qualified) and NDIS & private clients with an age range of 6 to 85 years. Face to Face, Video-link or Phone sessions are offered. Olivia who is known for her sincere, peaceful and non-judgmental manner uses evidence based therapies recognising there is no one size fits all.
(02) 6564 1972 View (02) 6564 1972
Photo of Johanna Mary Treweeke - Real People Counselling with Johanna Treweeke, MSW, Psychotherapist, AASW
Real People Counselling with Johanna Treweeke, MSW
Psychotherapist, AASW
Verified Verified
Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450
Not accepting new clients
Not accepting new clients. Online counselling, coaching, and psychotherapy. Together, we discover what works best for YOU. I help adults, couples and families find success with emotional and mental health challenges, gain greater well-being and a rediscover a sense of meaning and fulfillment in their lives and relationships.
Not accepting new clients. Online counselling, coaching, and psychotherapy. Together, we discover what works best for YOU. I help adults, couples and families find success with emotional and mental health challenges, gain greater well-being and a rediscover a sense of meaning and fulfillment in their lives and relationships.
View
Photo of Heulwen Gordon, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Heulwen Gordon
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, my name is Heulwen and I am a clinical psychologist providing online therapy. I take a holistic and client centred approach based on evidence based tools and research. I am a warm and compassionate practitioner providing individual therapy to women with chronic stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, burnout, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and relationship issues.
Hi, my name is Heulwen and I am a clinical psychologist providing online therapy. I take a holistic and client centred approach based on evidence based tools and research. I am a warm and compassionate practitioner providing individual therapy to women with chronic stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, burnout, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and relationship issues.
(07) 4277 6857 View (07) 4277 6857
Photo of Anne Arrowsmith - Anne Arrowsmith Counselling, Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Anne Arrowsmith Counselling
Psychotherapist, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450
My entrance to psychotherapy and counselling evolved over many of years of training, personal therapy and life experience. I work with peoples of all ages and have experience with many personal issues including depression, anxiety, relationship problems both between couples and extended families. I have also worked extensively with people addicted to drugs and alcohol. In addition I use mindfulness, breathing techniques, visualization and bodywork to enhance the outcome. Every person is unique therefore I work eclectically with my clients, adapting to the needs of the individual in order to achieve the best possible outcome.
My entrance to psychotherapy and counselling evolved over many of years of training, personal therapy and life experience. I work with peoples of all ages and have experience with many personal issues including depression, anxiety, relationship problems both between couples and extended families. I have also worked extensively with people addicted to drugs and alcohol. In addition I use mindfulness, breathing techniques, visualization and bodywork to enhance the outcome. Every person is unique therefore I work eclectically with my clients, adapting to the needs of the individual in order to achieve the best possible outcome.
(02) 5605 4802 View (02) 5605 4802
Photo of Tori Donnelly - Tori Donnelly Counselling and Support , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AMHSW
Tori Donnelly Counselling and Support
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Port Macquarie, NSW 2444
Tori is a Mental Health Accredited Social Worker and Certified Play Therapist, specialising in sexual abuse and other forms of trauma. Tori works with children, adolescents and adults with a trauma-informed approach.
Tori is a Mental Health Accredited Social Worker and Certified Play Therapist, specialising in sexual abuse and other forms of trauma. Tori works with children, adolescents and adults with a trauma-informed approach.
(02) 5566 2745 View (02) 5566 2745
Shelley Spurrier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Port Macquarie, NSW 2444
Shelley is a dedicated mental health social worker with an unwavering commitment to promoting emotional well-being and resilience. With a background of nine years in the Mental Health field as a counsellor, and two and a half years in Private Practice, Shelley brings a wealth of experience and expertise to her work. In her practice, Shelley employs evidence-based therapies, understanding that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to mental health challenges. She is deeply committed to staying current with the latest developments in the field, ensuring that her clients receive the most effective and up-to-date support available.
Shelley is a dedicated mental health social worker with an unwavering commitment to promoting emotional well-being and resilience. With a background of nine years in the Mental Health field as a counsellor, and two and a half years in Private Practice, Shelley brings a wealth of experience and expertise to her work. In her practice, Shelley employs evidence-based therapies, understanding that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to mental health challenges. She is deeply committed to staying current with the latest developments in the field, ensuring that her clients receive the most effective and up-to-date support available.
(02) 5502 9930 View (02) 5502 9930
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See more therapy options for Mid North Coast

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Mid North Coast, NSW

80+

Average cost per session

$170

Counsellors in Mid North Coast, NSW who prioritize treating:

83% Anxiety
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
67% Depression
64% Relationship Issues
62% Coping Skills
62% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Medicare Rebates
58% NDIS
48% Bupa

How Counsellors in Mid North Coast, NSW see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Mid North Coast?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.