Counselling in Kincumber, NSW

Feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or longing for more peace in your life? I’m here to help you navigate those challenges with compassion and understanding. As a therapist, I believe in your innate goodness and potential to live a life filled with abundance and joy. My approach blends empathy with evidence-based techniques to guide you toward healing and growth—whether you’re facing anxiety, relationship struggles, or a desire for deeper self-discovery. Therapy can feel daunting, but I’ll support you every step of the way. Let’s work together to help you shine your light and find harmony. Reach out today to start your journey
Feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or longing for more peace in your life? I’m here to help you navigate those challenges with compassion and understanding. As a therapist, I believe in your innate goodness and potential to live a life filled with abundance and joy. My approach blends empathy with evidence-based techniques to guide you toward healing and growth—whether you’re facing anxiety, relationship struggles, or a desire for deeper self-discovery. Therapy can feel daunting, but I’ll support you every step of the way. Let’s work together to help you shine your light and find harmony. Reach out today to start your journey

I hold an empathic and safe space for you to make sense of transitional life stages including young adulthood, parenthood, retirement, separation and grief. These rites of passage can feel overwhelming, exhausting, burdensome and uncertain. It can be a lonely time, but it does not have to be. Sessions with me are a time to pause, connect and unpack what you are carrying through the lens of an intergenerational, developmental, attachment-theory, trauma informed and interpersonal neurobiological process. I work in depth and relationally with clients who want to experience impactful and meaningful connection, support and healing.
I hold an empathic and safe space for you to make sense of transitional life stages including young adulthood, parenthood, retirement, separation and grief. These rites of passage can feel overwhelming, exhausting, burdensome and uncertain. It can be a lonely time, but it does not have to be. Sessions with me are a time to pause, connect and unpack what you are carrying through the lens of an intergenerational, developmental, attachment-theory, trauma informed and interpersonal neurobiological process. I work in depth and relationally with clients who want to experience impactful and meaningful connection, support and healing.

I recognise that every client has their own unique sets of strengths and challenges, and that one size does not fit all. In my work I draw from a number of different therapeutic styles (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Schema Therapy, mindfulness-based therapies) to find the process that will work with you. I approach my work in a trauma-informed manner - recognising that some traumas are overt and debilitating, but some life events leave us with more covert trauma that can subtly impact self-esteem, relationships and life attainment.
I recognise that every client has their own unique sets of strengths and challenges, and that one size does not fit all. In my work I draw from a number of different therapeutic styles (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Schema Therapy, mindfulness-based therapies) to find the process that will work with you. I approach my work in a trauma-informed manner - recognising that some traumas are overt and debilitating, but some life events leave us with more covert trauma that can subtly impact self-esteem, relationships and life attainment.

As a counsellor for both individuals and couples, I create a gentle and safe space for self-exploration, facilitating clients to undergo change in areas of life they may be struggling with. Genuine connection and real conversations are at the heart of my sessions, ensuring clients feel safe, empowered and respected. I work sensitively from a trauma-informed framework, and work with clients on a range of issues including stress, anxiety, relationship issues, body image, self -esteem, grief & loss, identity, life transitions, feelings of lack of direction, and anyone needing to connect with a therapist for support.
As a counsellor for both individuals and couples, I create a gentle and safe space for self-exploration, facilitating clients to undergo change in areas of life they may be struggling with. Genuine connection and real conversations are at the heart of my sessions, ensuring clients feel safe, empowered and respected. I work sensitively from a trauma-informed framework, and work with clients on a range of issues including stress, anxiety, relationship issues, body image, self -esteem, grief & loss, identity, life transitions, feelings of lack of direction, and anyone needing to connect with a therapist for support.

My passion is to help you achieve your goals and enhance your well-being through the power of hypnotherapy and strategic psychotherapy. Whether you're looking to overcome stress and anxiety, break free from unwanted habits, or simply improve your overall health, I'm here to guide you every step of the way. With proven best practice techniques and compassionate care, you and I can work together to unlock your true potential and achieve life changing results. I will help you achieve freedom, give you back control of your thoughts and feelings, and ultimately help you to create the life that you want and deserve.
My passion is to help you achieve your goals and enhance your well-being through the power of hypnotherapy and strategic psychotherapy. Whether you're looking to overcome stress and anxiety, break free from unwanted habits, or simply improve your overall health, I'm here to guide you every step of the way. With proven best practice techniques and compassionate care, you and I can work together to unlock your true potential and achieve life changing results. I will help you achieve freedom, give you back control of your thoughts and feelings, and ultimately help you to create the life that you want and deserve.

I am an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker and counsellor, with life experience and have been practicing for over 8 years providing Central Coast counselling. I have a strong interest in supporting trauma survivors. I engage in my own therapy, as I understand life isn’t always easy, but with the right support, healing and growth are possible. I am trained in many psychological interventions including ACT, CBT, EMDR and DBT and base all my interactions on a strengths based approach. As an empath I truely value connecting with trauma survivors, empowering individuals to develop understanding of their worth.
I am an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker and counsellor, with life experience and have been practicing for over 8 years providing Central Coast counselling. I have a strong interest in supporting trauma survivors. I engage in my own therapy, as I understand life isn’t always easy, but with the right support, healing and growth are possible. I am trained in many psychological interventions including ACT, CBT, EMDR and DBT and base all my interactions on a strengths based approach. As an empath I truely value connecting with trauma survivors, empowering individuals to develop understanding of their worth.

Even though you might not always feel like it, you are the expert in your own life. Life's complexities can often leave us feeling overwhelmed, confused, and adrift, lacking purpose and direction. This can lead to adopting unhealthy coping mechanisms to avoid thoughts and feelings altogether. My approach involves treating you with empathy, acceptance, and without judgment in a practical and supportive manner. Together, we will collaborate to rediscover your strengths, nurture resilience, and unlock your potential for growth, facilitating the changes you desire. I firmly believe in the possibility of positive change.
Even though you might not always feel like it, you are the expert in your own life. Life's complexities can often leave us feeling overwhelmed, confused, and adrift, lacking purpose and direction. This can lead to adopting unhealthy coping mechanisms to avoid thoughts and feelings altogether. My approach involves treating you with empathy, acceptance, and without judgment in a practical and supportive manner. Together, we will collaborate to rediscover your strengths, nurture resilience, and unlock your potential for growth, facilitating the changes you desire. I firmly believe in the possibility of positive change.

I specialise in helping clients on the Central Coast who are navigating unresolved childhood trauma, addiction recovery, and self-worth challenges. My ideal clients are seeking a safe, non-judgmental space to heal and rebuild their self-esteem. Whether you’re in early recovery or ready to address past pain, I am here to support your journey. I work from my Terrigal clinic by the beach and my Gosford clinic in the CBD, providing convenient access for clients across Terrigal, Gosford, and surrounding areas.
I specialise in helping clients on the Central Coast who are navigating unresolved childhood trauma, addiction recovery, and self-worth challenges. My ideal clients are seeking a safe, non-judgmental space to heal and rebuild their self-esteem. Whether you’re in early recovery or ready to address past pain, I am here to support your journey. I work from my Terrigal clinic by the beach and my Gosford clinic in the CBD, providing convenient access for clients across Terrigal, Gosford, and surrounding areas.

Hi, I’m Tamara. I offer compassionate, down-to-earth counselling for adults navigating life transitions, anxiety, relationship dynamics, burnout, or the impacts of past experiences. My style is collaborative, warm, and grounded in trauma-informed and attachment-based approaches. Together, we explore your story, develop insight, and build meaningful change, at your pace, in a space of emotional safety and curiosity. I believe therapy is a space to be deeply heard and gently supported as you reconnect with your values, strengthen your self-awareness, and begin to shift long-standing patterns.
Hi, I’m Tamara. I offer compassionate, down-to-earth counselling for adults navigating life transitions, anxiety, relationship dynamics, burnout, or the impacts of past experiences. My style is collaborative, warm, and grounded in trauma-informed and attachment-based approaches. Together, we explore your story, develop insight, and build meaningful change, at your pace, in a space of emotional safety and curiosity. I believe therapy is a space to be deeply heard and gently supported as you reconnect with your values, strengthen your self-awareness, and begin to shift long-standing patterns.

Some of the reasons our clients seek our help include: Stress, Relationship breakdowns, Job-loss, Illness or bereavement, Prolonged anxiety, Depression, Addiction, Lack of confidence, or self-esteem, or a feeling of no direction, or life purpose. The name Mindful Synergi embodies a holistic and philosophical approach to counselling, and psychotherapy. As no one therapy or technique is right for everyone, we adapt our approach for each unique individual. Recognising that you are the expert on your own life, we support you through the personal process of self-discovery and transformation.
Some of the reasons our clients seek our help include: Stress, Relationship breakdowns, Job-loss, Illness or bereavement, Prolonged anxiety, Depression, Addiction, Lack of confidence, or self-esteem, or a feeling of no direction, or life purpose. The name Mindful Synergi embodies a holistic and philosophical approach to counselling, and psychotherapy. As no one therapy or technique is right for everyone, we adapt our approach for each unique individual. Recognising that you are the expert on your own life, we support you through the personal process of self-discovery and transformation.

What would you do without that sadness? Will we find out? Sadness has many faces: anxious, depressed, traumatised, angry. Well 10 years of formal training (Clinical Psychologist) tells you I’m patient, sincere, and ready to hold it all gently while we detangle it together. The gift is seeing your situation from higher ground. You move past the tricky mind, onto peace and flow. BYO anguish & confusion, take away stillness. Clin. Psychs use gold-standard methods to help you look afresh, identify where you're stuck, and connect you with change. It's not magic, it's settling your hurts and following a clear intention. See for yourself.
What would you do without that sadness? Will we find out? Sadness has many faces: anxious, depressed, traumatised, angry. Well 10 years of formal training (Clinical Psychologist) tells you I’m patient, sincere, and ready to hold it all gently while we detangle it together. The gift is seeing your situation from higher ground. You move past the tricky mind, onto peace and flow. BYO anguish & confusion, take away stillness. Clin. Psychs use gold-standard methods to help you look afresh, identify where you're stuck, and connect you with change. It's not magic, it's settling your hurts and following a clear intention. See for yourself.

Your journey to a healthier self is uniquely yours, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. My approach is deeply warm and empathetic, rooted in acknowledging that we manage the best we know how. Utilising evidence-based therapies, I’ll partner with you to facilitate meaningful change. Together, we’ll tailor your treatment to fit your needs, exploring how your experiences have shaped your current situation and setting goals for a brighter future. I recognise the overwhelming impact of trauma, and I understand that seeking help can be anxiety-inducing. Remember, discomfort is often a vital part of the journey toward healing.
Your journey to a healthier self is uniquely yours, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. My approach is deeply warm and empathetic, rooted in acknowledging that we manage the best we know how. Utilising evidence-based therapies, I’ll partner with you to facilitate meaningful change. Together, we’ll tailor your treatment to fit your needs, exploring how your experiences have shaped your current situation and setting goals for a brighter future. I recognise the overwhelming impact of trauma, and I understand that seeking help can be anxiety-inducing. Remember, discomfort is often a vital part of the journey toward healing.
More Therapists Nearby

Hi, I’m Rachel. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or like something just isn’t quite right, you’re not alone — and you don’t have to figure it out on your own. I’m a warm, down-to-earth therapist who offers a safe, non-judgemental space to talk things through at your pace. I work in a person-centred, trauma-informed way, which means I listen deeply, value your uniqueness, and support you to understand yourself more fully, not just at a cognitive level, but emotionally and relationally too. Together, we’ll explore whatever you're carrying and move towards healing and clarity.
Hi, I’m Rachel. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or like something just isn’t quite right, you’re not alone — and you don’t have to figure it out on your own. I’m a warm, down-to-earth therapist who offers a safe, non-judgemental space to talk things through at your pace. I work in a person-centred, trauma-informed way, which means I listen deeply, value your uniqueness, and support you to understand yourself more fully, not just at a cognitive level, but emotionally and relationally too. Together, we’ll explore whatever you're carrying and move towards healing and clarity.

Hello! My name is Salome, and I am a registered psychologist, who has a strong desire to help people achieve their mental health goals. Often, our past traumas can have a significant impact on the way we experience the world around us. Without proper support, we may have developed unhealthy coping mechanisms in our search for comfort and peace. These unresolved issues can lead to a range of psycho-social problems, including anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflicts, and negative self-perception. However, facing these complex and overwhelming emotions can be a daunting task to undertake on our own.
Hello! My name is Salome, and I am a registered psychologist, who has a strong desire to help people achieve their mental health goals. Often, our past traumas can have a significant impact on the way we experience the world around us. Without proper support, we may have developed unhealthy coping mechanisms in our search for comfort and peace. These unresolved issues can lead to a range of psycho-social problems, including anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflicts, and negative self-perception. However, facing these complex and overwhelming emotions can be a daunting task to undertake on our own.

Nicola – Principal Psychologist with over 10 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I bring a warm, down-to-earth approach infused with humour to help clients create meaningful and lasting change by building insight, resilience, and emotional wellbeing. My work is collaborative and grounded in evidence-based practice, tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual. I work with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and relationship difficulties. I also provide comprehensive psychological assessments for Autism (ASD), ADHD, and cognitive challenges.
Nicola – Principal Psychologist with over 10 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I bring a warm, down-to-earth approach infused with humour to help clients create meaningful and lasting change by building insight, resilience, and emotional wellbeing. My work is collaborative and grounded in evidence-based practice, tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual. I work with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and relationship difficulties. I also provide comprehensive psychological assessments for Autism (ASD), ADHD, and cognitive challenges.

Life can be challenging, and reaching out for support isn't always easy. You may be feeling anxious, low in mood, or trying to resolve an issue that just doesn’t seem to go away. At Time4Talk, I offer a warm and non-judgemental therapeutic space for adults — where, with cognitive behavioural therapy we can explore unhelpful patterns, set meaningful goals, and work towards change.
Working together, I'll help you identify thoughts and behaviours contributing to emotional distress. Each intervention is thoughtfully tailored to equip you with the skills and strategies needed to move forward and achieve your goals and build resilience.
Life can be challenging, and reaching out for support isn't always easy. You may be feeling anxious, low in mood, or trying to resolve an issue that just doesn’t seem to go away. At Time4Talk, I offer a warm and non-judgemental therapeutic space for adults — where, with cognitive behavioural therapy we can explore unhelpful patterns, set meaningful goals, and work towards change.
Working together, I'll help you identify thoughts and behaviours contributing to emotional distress. Each intervention is thoughtfully tailored to equip you with the skills and strategies needed to move forward and achieve your goals and build resilience.

I am a Clinical Psychologist deeply passionate about helping clients build skills to live healthy and meaningful lives. As every individual has different experiences and needs, I employ evidence-based treatments tailored to align with your personal requirements. I am trained in EMDR, IFS, CBT, ACT and DBT. I have experience working with individuals of all ages with mild to severe mental health concerns. My goal is to guide and work alongside your therapeutic journey to personal improvement and psychological wellbeing.
I am a Clinical Psychologist deeply passionate about helping clients build skills to live healthy and meaningful lives. As every individual has different experiences and needs, I employ evidence-based treatments tailored to align with your personal requirements. I am trained in EMDR, IFS, CBT, ACT and DBT. I have experience working with individuals of all ages with mild to severe mental health concerns. My goal is to guide and work alongside your therapeutic journey to personal improvement and psychological wellbeing.

Hi, I'm Alana. As an integrative wellness counsellor, I offer a gentle, trauma-informed approach to support you on your healing journey. Whether you're navigating the fog of anxiety, the weight of grief, the complexities of relationships, or an unspoken sense of disquiet and unease. Life can sometimes feel like a tangled knot of emotions and experiences. In our sessions, we'll work collaboratively to gently unravel these complexities, helping you find clarity and a grounded path forward.
Hi, I'm Alana. As an integrative wellness counsellor, I offer a gentle, trauma-informed approach to support you on your healing journey. Whether you're navigating the fog of anxiety, the weight of grief, the complexities of relationships, or an unspoken sense of disquiet and unease. Life can sometimes feel like a tangled knot of emotions and experiences. In our sessions, we'll work collaboratively to gently unravel these complexities, helping you find clarity and a grounded path forward.

Jemma is a registered psychologist with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA), a registered Medicare provider, an approved SIRA provider (CTP insurance and workers compensation insurance), and a member of the Australian Psychological Society (APS). She has experience in industries including occupational rehabilitation, disability, crisis support, and education. Jemma has worked with clients of varying ages (from early childhood to late adulthood) and diverse backgrounds.
Jemma is a registered psychologist with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA), a registered Medicare provider, an approved SIRA provider (CTP insurance and workers compensation insurance), and a member of the Australian Psychological Society (APS). She has experience in industries including occupational rehabilitation, disability, crisis support, and education. Jemma has worked with clients of varying ages (from early childhood to late adulthood) and diverse backgrounds.

Wayne Gillespie is a Registered Psychologist with over 20yrs experience. In addition to his private practice, Wayne worked for 19yrs as a student counsellor/psychologist at the University of New South Wales and National Institute of Dramatic Arts (NIDA). Wayne specialises in providing counselling/coaching for a range of presentations including: Mood Disorders, Anxiety, Drug and Alcohol, Adjustment Problems; Relationship Problems, Trauma incidents, Bereavement; Academic Difficulties (e.g procrastination and perfectionism), Career Transition, Creativity Issues, Creative Arts/Entertainment Psychology and Executive Coaching.
Wayne Gillespie is a Registered Psychologist with over 20yrs experience. In addition to his private practice, Wayne worked for 19yrs as a student counsellor/psychologist at the University of New South Wales and National Institute of Dramatic Arts (NIDA). Wayne specialises in providing counselling/coaching for a range of presentations including: Mood Disorders, Anxiety, Drug and Alcohol, Adjustment Problems; Relationship Problems, Trauma incidents, Bereavement; Academic Difficulties (e.g procrastination and perfectionism), Career Transition, Creativity Issues, Creative Arts/Entertainment Psychology and Executive Coaching.
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in Kincumber, NSW
10+
Average cost per session
$185
Counsellors in Kincumber, NSW who prioritize treating:
92% | Anxiety |
83% | Trauma and PTSD |
83% | Self Esteem |
75% | Depression |
75% | Coping Skills |
75% | Stress |
67% | Relationship Issues |
Average years in practice
5 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
67% | Other |
67% | Bupa |
67% | NDIS |
How Counsellors in Kincumber, NSW see their clients
83% | In Person and Online | |
17% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
67% | Female | |
33% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in Kincumber?
Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.
Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.
Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.