Psychologists and Therapists in Hoxton Park, NSW

Photo of Melissa Abarzua, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Melissa Abarzua
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Online Only
Hi! I'm a trauma-informed clinical psychologist with extensive experience working with adolescents and adults. I have a special interest in anxiety disorders, life transitions, mood disorders, school-related difficulties, as well as trauma and stressor-related disorders. My aim in therapy is to create a non-judgmental space where people can feel heard and comfortable to explore the issues that are most challenging for them. My approach to therapy is collaborative, person-centered and systemic.
Hi! I'm a trauma-informed clinical psychologist with extensive experience working with adolescents and adults. I have a special interest in anxiety disorders, life transitions, mood disorders, school-related difficulties, as well as trauma and stressor-related disorders. My aim in therapy is to create a non-judgmental space where people can feel heard and comfortable to explore the issues that are most challenging for them. My approach to therapy is collaborative, person-centered and systemic.
(02) 8105 6406 View (02) 8105 6406
Photo of Sanober Rizvi, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Sanober Rizvi
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Sanober has a warm and empathic approach to therapy and has over 20 years of experience. Sanober assists with a range of concerns including feelings of low self-worth, emotional neglect or loneliness, relationship concerns, rumination and worry, perfectionism and need for control, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma and abuse and difficulties regulating or expressing emotion. She is passionate about supporting and empowering people to improve their emotional wellbeing, increase quality of life, cope with difficulties, manage distress, and bring about meaningful, lasting change. Sanober is trained in CBT, ACT, DBT and EMDR.
Sanober has a warm and empathic approach to therapy and has over 20 years of experience. Sanober assists with a range of concerns including feelings of low self-worth, emotional neglect or loneliness, relationship concerns, rumination and worry, perfectionism and need for control, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma and abuse and difficulties regulating or expressing emotion. She is passionate about supporting and empowering people to improve their emotional wellbeing, increase quality of life, cope with difficulties, manage distress, and bring about meaningful, lasting change. Sanober is trained in CBT, ACT, DBT and EMDR.
(02) 4214 4927 View (02) 4214 4927
Combined Therapy Services
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Hi I’m Claudia Tapia, I am a registered Psychologist. With more than 31 years of experience in counselling, behaviour support, and psychological practice—and 16 years as a registered Psychologist—I bring a depth of clinical understanding that helps the person feel safe, supported, and genuinely understood from the very beginning. My approach is warm, collaborative, and centred on the belief that every person brings unique strengths that can be built upon. Drawing on an eclectic mix of therapeutic modalities, I tailor each intervention to the individual rather than applying a one-size-fits-all method.
Hi I’m Claudia Tapia, I am a registered Psychologist. With more than 31 years of experience in counselling, behaviour support, and psychological practice—and 16 years as a registered Psychologist—I bring a depth of clinical understanding that helps the person feel safe, supported, and genuinely understood from the very beginning. My approach is warm, collaborative, and centred on the belief that every person brings unique strengths that can be built upon. Drawing on an eclectic mix of therapeutic modalities, I tailor each intervention to the individual rather than applying a one-size-fits-all method.
(02) 4214 4821 View (02) 4214 4821
Photo of Josephine Gale - Growth Psychology Consulting, Psychologist, MAPS
Growth Psychology Consulting
Psychologist, MAPS
Serves Area
We are a team of psychologists in the Liverpool. We see clients for various issues such as but not limited to anxiety, depression , grief, adjustment issues, relationship issues , marriage counselling , self esteem , children, adolescents private clients, workcover, CTP , solicitors reports, immigration reports and business support. We help in guiding you for whatever life changes you are going through.
We are a team of psychologists in the Liverpool. We see clients for various issues such as but not limited to anxiety, depression , grief, adjustment issues, relationship issues , marriage counselling , self esteem , children, adolescents private clients, workcover, CTP , solicitors reports, immigration reports and business support. We help in guiding you for whatever life changes you are going through.
(02) 8880 5183 View (02) 8880 5183
Photo of Greg Barker, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Greg Barker
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Greg Barker is a compassionate and genuine Clinical Psychologist with more than 20 years of clinical experience across public hospital, community mental health, and forensic settings. Greg provides psychological therapy and interventions for both general as well as complex mental health problems. He works with clients experiencing difficulties in areas such as depression, anxiety, psychoses, complicated grief, trauma and complex-PTSD, eating disorders, and personality disorders. He also provides therapy to adults with diagnoses of autism and ADHD. Greg works with adults of all ages.
Greg Barker is a compassionate and genuine Clinical Psychologist with more than 20 years of clinical experience across public hospital, community mental health, and forensic settings. Greg provides psychological therapy and interventions for both general as well as complex mental health problems. He works with clients experiencing difficulties in areas such as depression, anxiety, psychoses, complicated grief, trauma and complex-PTSD, eating disorders, and personality disorders. He also provides therapy to adults with diagnoses of autism and ADHD. Greg works with adults of all ages.
(02) 8105 5536 View (02) 8105 5536
Photo of Deniz Dagli, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Deniz Dagli
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Are you feeling worried, stressed, low mood and depressed? Struggling to cope with life's challenges? Our psychology clinic is here to lend a helping hand. Are you seeking support to enhance your relationships and personal growth? And healing traumatic memories? You are not alone. Deniz at MindSea Psychology, offers compassionate, culturally safe, and personalized care tailored to your unique needs. Deniz has a rich history of clinical experience (15years) working in NGO’s, public and private mental health, hospitals, schools, universities and private practice. Visit us at www.mindseapsychology.com.au for further info.
Are you feeling worried, stressed, low mood and depressed? Struggling to cope with life's challenges? Our psychology clinic is here to lend a helping hand. Are you seeking support to enhance your relationships and personal growth? And healing traumatic memories? You are not alone. Deniz at MindSea Psychology, offers compassionate, culturally safe, and personalized care tailored to your unique needs. Deniz has a rich history of clinical experience (15years) working in NGO’s, public and private mental health, hospitals, schools, universities and private practice. Visit us at www.mindseapsychology.com.au for further info.
(02) 8105 6605 View (02) 8105 6605

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Vincent Fimmano, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Vincent Fimmano
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA General
Online Only
Meet Vincent, a highly experienced and compassionate registered psychologist with over 25 years of clinical experience. Vincent believes in the importance of truly listening and understanding his clients to provide them with the best possible support. He uses his vast experience to engage, collaborate, and adapt treatments to make a real and long-lasting change in his clients' lives. Vincent's approach is person-centred, warm, empathetic, and culturally responsive, which makes him an excellent choice for clients from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Meet Vincent, a highly experienced and compassionate registered psychologist with over 25 years of clinical experience. Vincent believes in the importance of truly listening and understanding his clients to provide them with the best possible support. He uses his vast experience to engage, collaborate, and adapt treatments to make a real and long-lasting change in his clients' lives. Vincent's approach is person-centred, warm, empathetic, and culturally responsive, which makes him an excellent choice for clients from diverse cultural backgrounds.
(02) 9100 0515 View (02) 9100 0515
Photo of Jessica Kane Kronivets, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Jessica Kane Kronivets
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Online Only
I am passionate about working with clients who are wanting to improve their lives. I enjoy working collaboratively with clients in building skills they require to reach their goals. My therapy is responsive to their ever changing needs and goals. I particularly enjoying working closely with the disabled and their support network. My approach is holistic and based on client self determination.
I am passionate about working with clients who are wanting to improve their lives. I enjoy working collaboratively with clients in building skills they require to reach their goals. My therapy is responsive to their ever changing needs and goals. I particularly enjoying working closely with the disabled and their support network. My approach is holistic and based on client self determination.
(02) 8105 5603 View (02) 8105 5603
Photo of Eleonora Bertsa-Fuchs, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Eleonora Bertsa-Fuchs
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Online Only
I love working with clients to cultivate healthy communication patterns and build happier, deeper relationships and connections.
I love working with clients to cultivate healthy communication patterns and build happier, deeper relationships and connections.
0411 711 846 View 0411 711 846
Photo of Sylvia Chen, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Sylvia Chen
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Gordon, NSW 2072
I am a trauma-informed clinical counsellor, Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (SEP), gong sound healer, breathwork facilitator that firmly believes in the value of human life. I have experience in a range of areas including marriage/relationship, anxiety and stress, trauma, depression, attachment, family of origin issues, parenting, grief & loss, personal growth & development, special need supports and chronic health related concerns. ​I am warm, caring and insightful. I am here to support your integration, and all of the various parts of your personality and being, into a balanced and joyful whole, made up of body, mind and soul.
I am a trauma-informed clinical counsellor, Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (SEP), gong sound healer, breathwork facilitator that firmly believes in the value of human life. I have experience in a range of areas including marriage/relationship, anxiety and stress, trauma, depression, attachment, family of origin issues, parenting, grief & loss, personal growth & development, special need supports and chronic health related concerns. ​I am warm, caring and insightful. I am here to support your integration, and all of the various parts of your personality and being, into a balanced and joyful whole, made up of body, mind and soul.
(02) 8403 0049 View (02) 8403 0049
Photo of Dr Tom Nguyen, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Tom Nguyen
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Tom is a clinical psychologist with many years of experience in the field. He has completed his Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Queensland (UQ) and has worked in a number of hospitals, non-profit organisations and private settings. Tom's main areas of interest include depression, treatment resistant depression, social anxiety, low self confidence, low self-esteem, motivational problems, relationship struggles, anger, self-harm behaviours, addictions, personality disorders, PTSD, FND and eating disorders. Tom is a full member of the Australian Clinical Psychology Association (ACPA).
Tom is a clinical psychologist with many years of experience in the field. He has completed his Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the University of Queensland (UQ) and has worked in a number of hospitals, non-profit organisations and private settings. Tom's main areas of interest include depression, treatment resistant depression, social anxiety, low self confidence, low self-esteem, motivational problems, relationship struggles, anger, self-harm behaviours, addictions, personality disorders, PTSD, FND and eating disorders. Tom is a full member of the Australian Clinical Psychology Association (ACPA).
0403 920 429 View 0403 920 429
Photo of Emma May Spencer, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Emma May Spencer
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Gladesville, NSW 2111
Emma is a Clinical Psychologist with 22 years experience in supporting the mental health of children adolescents and adults. She has a special interest in assessing neurodiversity and in supporting clients to discover and better understand their unique brain styles. Emma is trained in numerous evidence based therapies including CBT, ACT, EMDR, DBT, schema therapy, SFBT and Art & Play therapies. Emma's experience is varied and she provides support in relation to anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, phobia's and burnout related to ADHD and Autistic brain styles.
Emma is a Clinical Psychologist with 22 years experience in supporting the mental health of children adolescents and adults. She has a special interest in assessing neurodiversity and in supporting clients to discover and better understand their unique brain styles. Emma is trained in numerous evidence based therapies including CBT, ACT, EMDR, DBT, schema therapy, SFBT and Art & Play therapies. Emma's experience is varied and she provides support in relation to anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, phobia's and burnout related to ADHD and Autistic brain styles.
(02) 9909 6140 View (02) 9909 6140
Photo of Song Nguyen, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Song Nguyen
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
Campbelltown, NSW 2560
Song is a Sydney based Clinical Psychologist that sees clients from all over Australia through telehealth. She has experience working with a range of clients from different backgrounds as well as varying mental health severities and presentations. Song sees clients presenting with difficulties including but not limited to Trauma (PTSD and Complex Trauma), Somatic Disorders, Chronic Health Issues, Anxiety, Stress and Mood Disorders.
Song is a Sydney based Clinical Psychologist that sees clients from all over Australia through telehealth. She has experience working with a range of clients from different backgrounds as well as varying mental health severities and presentations. Song sees clients presenting with difficulties including but not limited to Trauma (PTSD and Complex Trauma), Somatic Disorders, Chronic Health Issues, Anxiety, Stress and Mood Disorders.
(02) 4210 5968 View (02) 4210 5968
Photo of Christine Theodossiou, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Christine Theodossiou
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Leichhardt, NSW 2040
Hi, my name is Christine (she/her) and I live on Gadigal land. I’m an experienced AHPRA registered clinical psychologist and a member of the Australian Psychological Society and the EMDR Association of Australia. I have extensive experience across drug and alcohol, complex mental health and trauma, and chronic pain and medical conditions. I offer individualised, person-centred therapy that affords you the greatest agency by prioritising collaboration, combining your self-wisdom with a variety of evidence-based psychological treatments.
Hi, my name is Christine (she/her) and I live on Gadigal land. I’m an experienced AHPRA registered clinical psychologist and a member of the Australian Psychological Society and the EMDR Association of Australia. I have extensive experience across drug and alcohol, complex mental health and trauma, and chronic pain and medical conditions. I offer individualised, person-centred therapy that affords you the greatest agency by prioritising collaboration, combining your self-wisdom with a variety of evidence-based psychological treatments.
(02) 9159 6811 View (02) 9159 6811
Photo of Paul Mitchell, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Paul Mitchell
Psychotherapist, PACFA
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Sometimes we experience a sense of stuckness in life and things can seem as though they are on a loop. We are bothered by inner resistance, doubt, restlessness, or anxiety. There may be challenges showing in our relationships, work, dreams and physical wellness. These symptoms could be signalling that something is emerging, something quite useful. It’s entirely possible that this is an invitation to grow, to learn, to change. I will support you to explore what is happening in a safe and meaningful way.
Sometimes we experience a sense of stuckness in life and things can seem as though they are on a loop. We are bothered by inner resistance, doubt, restlessness, or anxiety. There may be challenges showing in our relationships, work, dreams and physical wellness. These symptoms could be signalling that something is emerging, something quite useful. It’s entirely possible that this is an invitation to grow, to learn, to change. I will support you to explore what is happening in a safe and meaningful way.
(02) 5604 9802 View (02) 5604 9802
Photo of Josephine Atwell, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Josephine Atwell
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Leichhardt, NSW 2040
Josephine is passionate about equipping clients with the skills to manage: OCD, anxiety, depression, gender identity and sexuality concerns, perinatal issues, and challenging behaviours. She endeavours to help individuals take steps towards their personal goals and develop the tools to cope with what is troubling them.
Josephine is passionate about equipping clients with the skills to manage: OCD, anxiety, depression, gender identity and sexuality concerns, perinatal issues, and challenging behaviours. She endeavours to help individuals take steps towards their personal goals and develop the tools to cope with what is troubling them.
0472 546 630 View 0472 546 630
Photo of Hannah Myall, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Hannah Myall
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Dee Why, NSW 2099
I understand what it’s like to feel trapped in the constant noise around food, body image, and self-worth. My own journey with an eating disorder has deeply shaped the way I practice today. I bring not only clinical expertise but genuine empathy, lived understanding, and hope that full recovery is possible. My approach is collaborative and evidence-based, drawing from schema therapy, emotion-focused work, and body image healing. Most importantly, it’s grounded in the belief that you are not broken, your struggles are a response to unmet needs, and together, we can help you meet those needs in healthier, more empowering ways.
I understand what it’s like to feel trapped in the constant noise around food, body image, and self-worth. My own journey with an eating disorder has deeply shaped the way I practice today. I bring not only clinical expertise but genuine empathy, lived understanding, and hope that full recovery is possible. My approach is collaborative and evidence-based, drawing from schema therapy, emotion-focused work, and body image healing. Most importantly, it’s grounded in the belief that you are not broken, your struggles are a response to unmet needs, and together, we can help you meet those needs in healthier, more empowering ways.
(02) 9100 0047 View (02) 9100 0047
Photo of Esther Ogilvie, MSc
Esther Ogilvie
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Do you suffer from unprocessed trauma or feel stuck, anxious, depressed? Are you experiencing sex or gender identity issues, interpersonal struggles or emotional dysregulation? This includes relationships with fear, self-doubt, shame and guilt, and major life transitions. Through our sessions you will see a change in your nervous system and emotional regulation, self-awareness of patterns and behaviours, self-compassion and a larger vitality for life. I offer support for individuals and couples experiencing relationship challenges particularly ethical non monogamy and kink. Couples will experience a new found sense of understanding.
Do you suffer from unprocessed trauma or feel stuck, anxious, depressed? Are you experiencing sex or gender identity issues, interpersonal struggles or emotional dysregulation? This includes relationships with fear, self-doubt, shame and guilt, and major life transitions. Through our sessions you will see a change in your nervous system and emotional regulation, self-awareness of patterns and behaviours, self-compassion and a larger vitality for life. I offer support for individuals and couples experiencing relationship challenges particularly ethical non monogamy and kink. Couples will experience a new found sense of understanding.
View
Photo of Chana Anthony-van Biene - Chana - Couple and Relationship Therapist , Social Worker, MA, AASW
Chana - Couple and Relationship Therapist
Social Worker, MA, AASW
Sydney, NSW 2000
Hello I am Chana, I work with couples and individuals who feel stuck in repeating relationship patterns - the same arguments, the same disconnections, the same sense of not quite being heard or understood. Often, the problem isn’t a lack of care, but getting caught in cycles that leave everyone feeling frustrated, defensive, or alone. As a Couple, Family, and Relationship Therapist, I support people navigating ongoing conflict, breakdowns in communication, emotional distance, and the aftermath of ruptures in trust.
Hello I am Chana, I work with couples and individuals who feel stuck in repeating relationship patterns - the same arguments, the same disconnections, the same sense of not quite being heard or understood. Often, the problem isn’t a lack of care, but getting caught in cycles that leave everyone feeling frustrated, defensive, or alone. As a Couple, Family, and Relationship Therapist, I support people navigating ongoing conflict, breakdowns in communication, emotional distance, and the aftermath of ruptures in trust.
0448 410 144 View 0448 410 144
Photo of Nicole Langman, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Nicole Langman
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
Sydney, NSW 2000
I am an AHPRA registered Clinical Psychologist working with a variety of mental health, emotional and relational challenges. I have a particular interest in working with people experiencing longstanding mood and anxiety challenges, complex PTSD/trauma, dissociation, eating disorders, as well as relationship concerns. I value taking an evidence-based approach that engages with clients collaboratively and is tailored to individual needs.
I am an AHPRA registered Clinical Psychologist working with a variety of mental health, emotional and relational challenges. I have a particular interest in working with people experiencing longstanding mood and anxiety challenges, complex PTSD/trauma, dissociation, eating disorders, as well as relationship concerns. I value taking an evidence-based approach that engages with clients collaboratively and is tailored to individual needs.
(02) 8089 1717 View (02) 8089 1717

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Psychologists and Therapists in Hoxton Park, NSW

< 10

Psychologists and Therapists in Hoxton Park, NSW who prioritize treating:

67% Relationship Issues
67% ADHD
67% Depression
67% Anxiety
67% Grief
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

35 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Medicare Rebates
100% Bupa
100% NDIS

How Psychologists and Therapists in Hoxton Park, NSW see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Hoxton Park?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.