Counselling in Chatswood West, NSW

Photo of Yumi Sento - Speak Culture, MC, Counsellor
Speak Culture
Counsellor, MC
Verified Verified
Chatswood West, NSW 2067  (Online Only)
Yumi is a mental health counsellor with a background in Psychology. She is a multilingual and has been working with multicultural clientele with an identity crisis, relationship conflicts, low self-esteem, anxiety, mild depression, trauma and HSP. She has been helping her clients to learn boundaries and how to maintain a balanced state of mental being. Yumi also works with parents who are struggling to connect with their children and guides them on how to deal with parenting stress. If you are looking for inner peace and want to get to know more about yourself, Yumi will walk with you in the process.
Yumi is a mental health counsellor with a background in Psychology. She is a multilingual and has been working with multicultural clientele with an identity crisis, relationship conflicts, low self-esteem, anxiety, mild depression, trauma and HSP. She has been helping her clients to learn boundaries and how to maintain a balanced state of mental being. Yumi also works with parents who are struggling to connect with their children and guides them on how to deal with parenting stress. If you are looking for inner peace and want to get to know more about yourself, Yumi will walk with you in the process.
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Photo of Caitlin Antoon, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Caitlin Antoon
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chatswood West, NSW 2067
Hello, my name is Caitlin, and I'm a clinical psychologist currently offering F2F and telehealth sessions at my cosy home clinic in Wahroonga. While I take mental health seriously, I try not to take myself or life too seriously. I believe therapy is effortful, taxing and hard, so it is important for my patients to feel as comfortable as possible in this process.
Hello, my name is Caitlin, and I'm a clinical psychologist currently offering F2F and telehealth sessions at my cosy home clinic in Wahroonga. While I take mental health seriously, I try not to take myself or life too seriously. I believe therapy is effortful, taxing and hard, so it is important for my patients to feel as comfortable as possible in this process.
(02) 8403 0102 View (02) 8403 0102
Photo of Vonnie Ho, PACFA, Counsellor
Vonnie Ho
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Chatswood West, NSW 2067
Vonnie believes in the importance of therapeutic relationships, providing a safe space allowing individuals to feel heard and supported when life is challenging. Vonnie had experiences volunteering in various community and multicultural services, practiced face-to-face, online, and telephone counseling to the individuals. She has worked with individuals, children, and parents, and also immigrants. Growing up in a multicultural environment, Vonnie is able to communicate in English, Chinese and Malay. She also integrates faith issues in counselling for Christian clients as requested.
Vonnie believes in the importance of therapeutic relationships, providing a safe space allowing individuals to feel heard and supported when life is challenging. Vonnie had experiences volunteering in various community and multicultural services, practiced face-to-face, online, and telephone counseling to the individuals. She has worked with individuals, children, and parents, and also immigrants. Growing up in a multicultural environment, Vonnie is able to communicate in English, Chinese and Malay. She also integrates faith issues in counselling for Christian clients as requested.
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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Fiona Frances Halliday, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Fiona Frances Halliday
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Gordon, NSW 2072
I am a psychologist and therapist with 23 years of experience across organisations, counselling agencies and private practice. My approach is one of establishing a safe and deeply reflective space for each person to come into greater embodied awareness - with themselves, their needs, challenges and strengths. Together, we will discover the foundational values that matter most to you and find ways to align you and your actions with them. This path is uniquely yours and my role is to support and facilitate this so that you develop a stronger sense of meaning, connection and purpose.
I am a psychologist and therapist with 23 years of experience across organisations, counselling agencies and private practice. My approach is one of establishing a safe and deeply reflective space for each person to come into greater embodied awareness - with themselves, their needs, challenges and strengths. Together, we will discover the foundational values that matter most to you and find ways to align you and your actions with them. This path is uniquely yours and my role is to support and facilitate this so that you develop a stronger sense of meaning, connection and purpose.
(02) 8970 7574 View (02) 8970 7574
Photo of Mj Basilio - Psychcare AU Psychological Assessments and Therapy, Australian Association of Psychologists - Member, Psychologist
Psychcare AU Psychological Assessments and Therapy
Psychologist, Australian Association of Psychologists - Member
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gordon, NSW 2072
David and I provide comprehensive services including psychological assessments (Autism, ADHD, IQ, Intellectual Disability, Giftedness, Behavioural and other cognitive and Educational Assessments). We focus on trauma-informed and culturally sensitive assessments and therapy. When doing assessments, we take into account your lived experience and personal narrative. We understand that it can be hard to see a psychologist, so we also work hard to make sure you understand and feel comfortable with the process. If you want to know more please visit www.adhdandatismassessments.com or www.psychcareclinic.com.au for more info. Warmly, MJ :)
David and I provide comprehensive services including psychological assessments (Autism, ADHD, IQ, Intellectual Disability, Giftedness, Behavioural and other cognitive and Educational Assessments). We focus on trauma-informed and culturally sensitive assessments and therapy. When doing assessments, we take into account your lived experience and personal narrative. We understand that it can be hard to see a psychologist, so we also work hard to make sure you understand and feel comfortable with the process. If you want to know more please visit www.adhdandatismassessments.com or www.psychcareclinic.com.au for more info. Warmly, MJ :)
(02) 8403 2825 View (02) 8403 2825
Photo of Naomi Halls, PsychD, MAPS, Psychologist
Naomi Halls
Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Verified Verified
Crows Nest, NSW 2065
In my role as a clinical psychologist I will listen to you, the expert in your own life, to guide us in your treatment goals. Therapy can be short term and specific, or you may wish to have a safe and contemplative space to explore re- occurring themes in your life. You may need to examine and reset patterns of behaviour so your family/relationships can flourish and enjoy wellbeing, or you may be a performing artist or student struggling with performance anxiety, perfectionism and goal setting.
In my role as a clinical psychologist I will listen to you, the expert in your own life, to guide us in your treatment goals. Therapy can be short term and specific, or you may wish to have a safe and contemplative space to explore re- occurring themes in your life. You may need to examine and reset patterns of behaviour so your family/relationships can flourish and enjoy wellbeing, or you may be a performing artist or student struggling with performance anxiety, perfectionism and goal setting.
(02) 9158 6190 View (02) 9158 6190
Photo of Silvia Kinloch - Esperanza Counselling Service, Counsellor
Esperanza Counselling Service
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Saint Leonards, NSW 2065  (Online Only)
While the challenges of modern life affect everyone in different ways, most life challenges are universal: balancing work and home life, changing jobs, starting a new life with a partner, parenting, dealing with loss, maintaining satisfactory and harmonious relationships with colleagues, friends, family... the list goes on. The aim of counselling sessions is to provide a space where clients experiencing difficulties in any aspect of their life can unburden themselves, discuss and explore issues of concern, and gain the skills to live a better, happier life, feeling better about themselves and the world around them.
While the challenges of modern life affect everyone in different ways, most life challenges are universal: balancing work and home life, changing jobs, starting a new life with a partner, parenting, dealing with loss, maintaining satisfactory and harmonious relationships with colleagues, friends, family... the list goes on. The aim of counselling sessions is to provide a space where clients experiencing difficulties in any aspect of their life can unburden themselves, discuss and explore issues of concern, and gain the skills to live a better, happier life, feeling better about themselves and the world around them.
(02) 8609 3992 View (02) 8609 3992
Photo of Peter Samii, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Peter Samii
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Macquarie Park, NSW 2113
Peter Samii, a qualified counsellor registered with the Australian Counselling Association, provides a compassionate and collaborative approach to therapy. He helps clients navigate life’s challenges by fostering both short-term and long-term solutions, enabling them to build greater self-confidence, self-awareness, and personal growth. Peter specialises in trauma and PTSD counselling, relationship and couples therapy, anger management, and grief and loss counselling.
Peter Samii, a qualified counsellor registered with the Australian Counselling Association, provides a compassionate and collaborative approach to therapy. He helps clients navigate life’s challenges by fostering both short-term and long-term solutions, enabling them to build greater self-confidence, self-awareness, and personal growth. Peter specialises in trauma and PTSD counselling, relationship and couples therapy, anger management, and grief and loss counselling.
(02) 7804 4604 View (02) 7804 4604
https://mindspsychology.com.au/
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Crows Nest, NSW 2065
Waitlist for new clients
Issues I deal with are anxiety, depression, phobias, loss and grieving, obsessive compulsive disorders, schizophrenia, mood disorders. I also work with couples plus organizational issues
Issues I deal with are anxiety, depression, phobias, loss and grieving, obsessive compulsive disorders, schizophrenia, mood disorders. I also work with couples plus organizational issues
(02) 9100 0860 View (02) 9100 0860
Photo of Stephanie Hill, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Stephanie Hill
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Gordon, NSW 2072
I am a Clinical Psychologist who is passionate about supporting clients to live a life full of meaning and vitality. I believe in the importance of the therapeutic relationship, and endeavour to offer a warm, supportive space where you can feel safe to be vulnerable and explore any deeper issues driving your unhappiness or distress. I am trained in working with a full range of presentations, with a particular interest in working with anxiety disorders, OCD, eating disorders, and body image issues. I also enjoy providing longer-term therapy targeting ongoing patterns of behaviour linked to painful past experiences or unmet needs.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who is passionate about supporting clients to live a life full of meaning and vitality. I believe in the importance of the therapeutic relationship, and endeavour to offer a warm, supportive space where you can feel safe to be vulnerable and explore any deeper issues driving your unhappiness or distress. I am trained in working with a full range of presentations, with a particular interest in working with anxiety disorders, OCD, eating disorders, and body image issues. I also enjoy providing longer-term therapy targeting ongoing patterns of behaviour linked to painful past experiences or unmet needs.
(02) 8403 2988 View (02) 8403 2988
Photo of Jacqueline Schell - Hornsby Kuringai Clinical Psychology, MPsych, MAPS, Psychologist
Hornsby Kuringai Clinical Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Verified Verified
Gordon, NSW 2072
Jacqueline Schell welcomes the assessment and treatment of complex clinical presentations of children and adolescents. She has a special interest in ADHD and Learning Difficulties, Attention and Working Memory Training. She seeks to help parents understand their child's presenting difficulties and to guide treatment targets toward a favourable outcome.
Jacqueline Schell welcomes the assessment and treatment of complex clinical presentations of children and adolescents. She has a special interest in ADHD and Learning Difficulties, Attention and Working Memory Training. She seeks to help parents understand their child's presenting difficulties and to guide treatment targets toward a favourable outcome.
(02) 9159 3796 View (02) 9159 3796
Photo of Jennifer Gardner, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Jennifer Gardner
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Crows Nest, NSW 2065
Jenn has a warm, empathic, collaborative, trauma-informed approach to therapy. She is passionate about supporting and empowering people to improve their emotional wellbeing, increase quality of life, cope with difficulties, manage distress, and bring about meaningful, lasting change.
Jenn has a warm, empathic, collaborative, trauma-informed approach to therapy. She is passionate about supporting and empowering people to improve their emotional wellbeing, increase quality of life, cope with difficulties, manage distress, and bring about meaningful, lasting change.
0438 299 873 View 0438 299 873
Photo of Heath Gerrard, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Heath Gerrard
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Crows Nest, NSW 2065  (Online Only)
The following quote continues to resonate and inspire me: ‘I think the most beautiful thing in the world is watching the light come back on in someone’s eyes when they have been lost in the dark for so long.’ The light slowly returned to my eyes when I embarked on my own recovery journey 11 years ago. The unexpected gift that emerged from the struggle was a passion for the transformative recovery process and helping guide others out of the darkness. I am a Registered Counsellor and have worked at treatment centers throughout Australia over the last 10 years, most recently at South Pacific Private in Sydney for 6.5 years.
The following quote continues to resonate and inspire me: ‘I think the most beautiful thing in the world is watching the light come back on in someone’s eyes when they have been lost in the dark for so long.’ The light slowly returned to my eyes when I embarked on my own recovery journey 11 years ago. The unexpected gift that emerged from the struggle was a passion for the transformative recovery process and helping guide others out of the darkness. I am a Registered Counsellor and have worked at treatment centers throughout Australia over the last 10 years, most recently at South Pacific Private in Sydney for 6.5 years.
(02) 9159 3729 View (02) 9159 3729
Photo of Tao de Haas, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Tao de Haas
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Gordon, NSW 2072
As a relational therapist, Tao has a great ability to get to the core of issues and challenges quickly. With over 30 years experience in his field, Tao helps his clients gain insight, greater self-awareness, and an understanding about unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors that are often blocking them from reaching their potential. Tao has an unique intera
As a relational therapist, Tao has a great ability to get to the core of issues and challenges quickly. With over 30 years experience in his field, Tao helps his clients gain insight, greater self-awareness, and an understanding about unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors that are often blocking them from reaching their potential. Tao has an unique intera
(03) 6159 2102 View (03) 6159 2102
Photo of Priscilla Chee, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Priscilla Chee
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Roseville, NSW 2069
I am a Clinical Psychologist deeply passionate about helping clients build skills to live healthy and meaningful lives. As every individual has different experiences and needs, I employ evidence-based treatments tailored to align with your personal requirements. I am trained in EMDR, IFS, CBT, ACT and DBT. I have experience working with individuals of all ages with mild to severe mental health concerns. My goal is to guide and work alongside your therapeutic journey to personal improvement and psychological wellbeing.
I am a Clinical Psychologist deeply passionate about helping clients build skills to live healthy and meaningful lives. As every individual has different experiences and needs, I employ evidence-based treatments tailored to align with your personal requirements. I am trained in EMDR, IFS, CBT, ACT and DBT. I have experience working with individuals of all ages with mild to severe mental health concerns. My goal is to guide and work alongside your therapeutic journey to personal improvement and psychological wellbeing.
(02) 7804 4168 View (02) 7804 4168
Photo of Skye Elizabeth Hudson - Skye E Hudson Psychotherapy, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Skye E Hudson Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Chatswood, NSW 2067
I am an accredited psychotherapist offering face to face and online counselling. My work calls upon a variety of modalities such as Gestalt, Internal Family Systems, Body- Mind practices, Compassion practices, Symbol and Depth work. This integrative approach enables my clients to discover their own unique path to change and healing. I prioritise creating a safe and sturdy rapport within the therapuetic relationship as the foundation for the ongoing work of therapy. I work with individuals, adolescents and children. I also offer sand play, art and expressive therapies with a trauma informed lens.
I am an accredited psychotherapist offering face to face and online counselling. My work calls upon a variety of modalities such as Gestalt, Internal Family Systems, Body- Mind practices, Compassion practices, Symbol and Depth work. This integrative approach enables my clients to discover their own unique path to change and healing. I prioritise creating a safe and sturdy rapport within the therapuetic relationship as the foundation for the ongoing work of therapy. I work with individuals, adolescents and children. I also offer sand play, art and expressive therapies with a trauma informed lens.
(02) 5604 8849 View (02) 5604 8849
Photo of Christopher Basten - Basten & Associates, Clinical Psychologists, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Basten & Associates, Clinical Psychologists
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Chatswood, NSW 2067
In our practice every client is viewed as a special, unique person who has already come far in life and can change how they grow in the future. Our practice aims for excellence in every step taken with a client. This includes using evidence-based treatments (those interventions with known effectiveness from research).
In our practice every client is viewed as a special, unique person who has already come far in life and can change how they grow in the future. Our practice aims for excellence in every step taken with a client. This includes using evidence-based treatments (those interventions with known effectiveness from research).
(02) 9891 1766 View (02) 9891 1766
Photo of Christine Kim - Christine Kim Principal Psychologist, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Christine Kim Principal Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Chatswood, NSW 2067
Many clients come to counselling with a hope. This hope is an opportunity for the clients to change, to become someone they want to be. Using client's strengths, counselling can help them find a new direction in their lives. Christine Kim is a registered psychologist with a passion for, and experience in working with adolescents and adults in educational and clinical settings. For over 10 years, Christine has experience working across a range of psychological issues including depression, anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, social anxiety and a range of childhood anxiety disorders), bullying and work-related stress issues.
Many clients come to counselling with a hope. This hope is an opportunity for the clients to change, to become someone they want to be. Using client's strengths, counselling can help them find a new direction in their lives. Christine Kim is a registered psychologist with a passion for, and experience in working with adolescents and adults in educational and clinical settings. For over 10 years, Christine has experience working across a range of psychological issues including depression, anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, social anxiety and a range of childhood anxiety disorders), bullying and work-related stress issues.
(02) 8806 0035 View (02) 8806 0035
Photo of Shirley Johanna Heilemann - Counselling in Conversation, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Counselling in Conversation
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Crows Nest, NSW 2065
Anxiety Specialist. I call anxiety “the Internalised Bully”. Countless clients have said “that’s it” when I demystify what is happening to them. I assist clients to understand how anxiety works in their thinking, the difference between reasonable concerns and fears that are particular to them and the painful thought processes associated with anxiety and ways to deal with this. Therapy involves massaging the neuroplasticity of cognitive change. Knotted thoughts are kneaded to soften a space for intentional ways of thinking, thus creating preferred directions, making well informed thoughtful choices.
Anxiety Specialist. I call anxiety “the Internalised Bully”. Countless clients have said “that’s it” when I demystify what is happening to them. I assist clients to understand how anxiety works in their thinking, the difference between reasonable concerns and fears that are particular to them and the painful thought processes associated with anxiety and ways to deal with this. Therapy involves massaging the neuroplasticity of cognitive change. Knotted thoughts are kneaded to soften a space for intentional ways of thinking, thus creating preferred directions, making well informed thoughtful choices.
(02) 9100 0758 View (02) 9100 0758
Photo of Hong (Helen) Qin - Helen Qin Counselling (English, Mandarin), PACFA, Psychotherapist
Helen Qin Counselling (English, Mandarin)
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Chatswood, NSW 2067
Hello, I am an registered Medicare provider, highly professional and compassionate bilingual psychotherapist/counsellor (English, Mandarin) and Accredited Mental Health Social Worker with more than 10 years of clinical experience. I am also a professionally trained and qualified relationship/marriage counsellor (Dr. John Gottman method of couple counselling level 3 trained).
Hello, I am an registered Medicare provider, highly professional and compassionate bilingual psychotherapist/counsellor (English, Mandarin) and Accredited Mental Health Social Worker with more than 10 years of clinical experience. I am also a professionally trained and qualified relationship/marriage counsellor (Dr. John Gottman method of couple counselling level 3 trained).
(02) 9098 5155 View (02) 9098 5155

See more therapy options for Chatswood West

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Chatswood West, NSW

< 10

Counsellors in Chatswood West, NSW who prioritize treating:

67% Anxiety
67% Anger Management
67% Self Esteem
67% Life Transitions
33% Relationship Issues
33% Depression
33% Child

Average years in practice

9 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Chatswood West, NSW see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Chatswood West?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.