Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Psychologists and Therapists in Caringbah South, NSW

Photo of Jessica Lau, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Jessica Lau
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
I believe in creating a tailored treatment plan for reach client to support you towards your goals, drawing from a number of evidence based therapeutic modalities including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Internal Family Systems, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Compassion Focussed Therapy, Schema and Mindfulness.
As a Registered Psychologist, I have a passion for helping individuals navigate the complexities of life, I am committed to providing a compassionate and supportive environment for all my clients. My approach is grounded in kindness and empathy, recognising that each person’s journey is unique and deserving of respect.
I believe in creating a tailored treatment plan for reach client to support you towards your goals, drawing from a number of evidence based therapeutic modalities including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Internal Family Systems, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Compassion Focussed Therapy, Schema and Mindfulness.
As a Registered Psychologist, I have a passion for helping individuals navigate the complexities of life, I am committed to providing a compassionate and supportive environment for all my clients. My approach is grounded in kindness and empathy, recognising that each person’s journey is unique and deserving of respect.
(02) 9538 7005 View (02) 9538 7005
Photo of Dr Gaye Cameron, Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Dr Gaye Cameron
Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Serves Area
Dr Gaye Cameron - Sydney NSW. Professionally Registered Psychotherapist & Accredited Social Worker, offering professional services to busy people. Gaye's career spans over 30+ years, including Government & Private Enterprise, she possesses both Graduate & Post Graduate Degrees including Psychological Science, Counselling & Social Work, as well as Master Business Administration. Gaye understands that people may be experiencing difficulties in life for varying reasons, and taking the time to talk to a professional can help you resolve and put at ease your concerns.  Reach out today, the phone call is the start to getting support now.
Dr Gaye Cameron - Sydney NSW. Professionally Registered Psychotherapist & Accredited Social Worker, offering professional services to busy people. Gaye's career spans over 30+ years, including Government & Private Enterprise, she possesses both Graduate & Post Graduate Degrees including Psychological Science, Counselling & Social Work, as well as Master Business Administration. Gaye understands that people may be experiencing difficulties in life for varying reasons, and taking the time to talk to a professional can help you resolve and put at ease your concerns.  Reach out today, the phone call is the start to getting support now.
(02) 8074 1636 View (02) 8074 1636
Photo of Susan Nash, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Susan Nash
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I often use Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in my practice, and most recently have added hypnosis as an addition.
I see many clients who feel "stuck" and may need guidance in being able to move forward. I work with clients in exploring what they want to stand for in life, and how to take steps in moving towards their values.
I often use Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in my practice, and most recently have added hypnosis as an addition.
I see many clients who feel "stuck" and may need guidance in being able to move forward. I work with clients in exploring what they want to stand for in life, and how to take steps in moving towards their values.
(02) 6189 2645 View (02) 6189 2645
Photo of Robyn Thomas, MA
Robyn Thomas
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Robyn is proficient in a variety of evidence-based therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT), sensory modulation, and integrates social prescription, mindfulness, and technology such as bio/neurofeedback or VR to make therapy interesting and fun.
Robyn is a highly experienced and compassionate Mental Health Clinician, endorsed by Medicare to provide focused psychological strategies. She specialises in assessment and therapy for anxiety and panic, ADHD, Autism (ASD), depression, chronic stress, burnout, bipolar disorder, grief and loss, adapting to change, rebuilding self after a breakup, insomnia, chronic pain, migraines, and chronic fatigue. Robyn employs a neuroaffirmative and trauma-informed approach, ensuring that each client's unique needs are respected and addressed. She creates a safe and supportive environment where clients can feel seen and heard.
Robyn is proficient in a variety of evidence-based therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT), sensory modulation, and integrates social prescription, mindfulness, and technology such as bio/neurofeedback or VR to make therapy interesting and fun.
Robyn is a highly experienced and compassionate Mental Health Clinician, endorsed by Medicare to provide focused psychological strategies. She specialises in assessment and therapy for anxiety and panic, ADHD, Autism (ASD), depression, chronic stress, burnout, bipolar disorder, grief and loss, adapting to change, rebuilding self after a breakup, insomnia, chronic pain, migraines, and chronic fatigue. Robyn employs a neuroaffirmative and trauma-informed approach, ensuring that each client's unique needs are respected and addressed. She creates a safe and supportive environment where clients can feel seen and heard.
(02) 9538 7564 View (02) 9538 7564

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Maggie Morgan, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Maggie Morgan
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Gladesville, NSW 2111
I have always believed that envisioning a better future motivates you to take the steps to make it happen. But sometimes, this may seem impossible. So my goal is to help you with the challenges you face and to give you the tools you need to enable you to enhance your life and bring about positive change.
I have always believed that envisioning a better future motivates you to take the steps to make it happen. But sometimes, this may seem impossible. So my goal is to help you with the challenges you face and to give you the tools you need to enable you to enhance your life and bring about positive change.
(02) 8074 3543 View (02) 8074 3543
Photo of Shriya Mathur, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Shriya Mathur
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Ultimo, NSW 2007
I am a clinical psychologist trained in using a range of evidence-based therapies including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT).
I am an empathic and nurturing psychologist who works towards creating a safe and non-judgemental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. My goal is to help people gain a deeper understanding of themselves and develop effective strategies to overcome challenges and build a meaningful life. I have experience working with different age groups and have worked across hospital, community, headspace and school settings helping people with a broad range of issues including depression, anxiety, panic, OCD, ADHD, relationship difficulties, emotional dysregulation, personality disorders and much more.
I am a clinical psychologist trained in using a range of evidence-based therapies including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT).
I am an empathic and nurturing psychologist who works towards creating a safe and non-judgemental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. My goal is to help people gain a deeper understanding of themselves and develop effective strategies to overcome challenges and build a meaningful life. I have experience working with different age groups and have worked across hospital, community, headspace and school settings helping people with a broad range of issues including depression, anxiety, panic, OCD, ADHD, relationship difficulties, emotional dysregulation, personality disorders and much more.
(02) 9100 0973 View (02) 9100 0973
Photo of Yumi Sento - Speak Culture, Counsellor, MC
Speak Culture
Counsellor, MC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
With a Master of Counselling, a Bachelor of Science in Psychology, and an ongoing professional development, she offers tailored therapy using CBT, ACT, EFT, and more.
Yumi is a compassionate and culturally attuned mental health counsellor with a background in Psychology and Counselling. With lived experience in Japan, Indonesia, and Australia, she understands the unique challenges faced by individuals adjusting to life in Australia. Yumi supports adults (25–45) dealing with childhood trauma, poor boundaries, people-pleasing, anxiety, perfectionism, and relationship stress. Her clients often feel stuck between cultural expectations and personal needs. Yumi offers a warm, client-centred space to heal and grow.
With a Master of Counselling, a Bachelor of Science in Psychology, and an ongoing professional development, she offers tailored therapy using CBT, ACT, EFT, and more.
Yumi is a compassionate and culturally attuned mental health counsellor with a background in Psychology and Counselling. With lived experience in Japan, Indonesia, and Australia, she understands the unique challenges faced by individuals adjusting to life in Australia. Yumi supports adults (25–45) dealing with childhood trauma, poor boundaries, people-pleasing, anxiety, perfectionism, and relationship stress. Her clients often feel stuck between cultural expectations and personal needs. Yumi offers a warm, client-centred space to heal and grow.
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Photo of Melissa Wilkinson, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Melissa Wilkinson
Psychologist, PsyBA General
North Sydney, NSW 2060
I use a variety of therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT).
My focus is on building a strong therapeutic alliance rooted in empathy, understanding, and a commitment to empowering my clients to facilitate healing and growth. My background blends corporate experience with a deep commitment to mental health and personal development. Working primarily with adults, my areas of experience include anxiety, stress, depression, relationship difficulties, grief, trauma and work-related challenges. I also support clients coping with chronic health conditions. My personal experience in this area allows me to deeply connect with clients, offering sight and empathy towards their unique challenges.
I use a variety of therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT).
My focus is on building a strong therapeutic alliance rooted in empathy, understanding, and a commitment to empowering my clients to facilitate healing and growth. My background blends corporate experience with a deep commitment to mental health and personal development. Working primarily with adults, my areas of experience include anxiety, stress, depression, relationship difficulties, grief, trauma and work-related challenges. I also support clients coping with chronic health conditions. My personal experience in this area allows me to deeply connect with clients, offering sight and empathy towards their unique challenges.
(02) 7256 7070 View (02) 7256 7070
Photo of Louise Fletcher, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Louise Fletcher
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Using evidence-based approaches like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Solution-Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, and Cognitive Processing Therapy, I tailor sessions to your unique needs.
Whether you're a young person finding your way, an adult navigating life’s complexities, or someone who’s spent a lifetime caring for others—there is space for you here. I offer compassionate, confidential support for individuals aged 16 and up, including Veterans, First Responders, Health Professionals, and LGBTIQA+ people. No matter your story, you are welcome. I don’t provide couples or family therapy, nor do I undertake court-ordered or forensic assessments—these are best handled by specialists in those areas. My focus is on individual support and genuine connection.
Using evidence-based approaches like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Solution-Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, and Cognitive Processing Therapy, I tailor sessions to your unique needs.
Whether you're a young person finding your way, an adult navigating life’s complexities, or someone who’s spent a lifetime caring for others—there is space for you here. I offer compassionate, confidential support for individuals aged 16 and up, including Veterans, First Responders, Health Professionals, and LGBTIQA+ people. No matter your story, you are welcome. I don’t provide couples or family therapy, nor do I undertake court-ordered or forensic assessments—these are best handled by specialists in those areas. My focus is on individual support and genuine connection.
(08) 6490 9860 View (08) 6490 9860
Photo of Michelle Pal, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA Endorsed
Michelle Pal
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA Endorsed
Online Only
In therapy I can help with mental health and relationship issues such as: confidence and assertiveness; reducing worry and negative thinking; having better relationships; managing low moods or mood swings; overcome imposter syndrome; or decrease sexual dysunction. I treat clinical issues such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar. I also work with adults on relationship issues and with couples using the Gottman Model of Couples Therapy. I am also passionate about social justice & regularly provide assessments & reports for immigration & criminal court proceedings (including bail application, S14 applications, and sentencing reports).
In therapy I can help with mental health and relationship issues such as: confidence and assertiveness; reducing worry and negative thinking; having better relationships; managing low moods or mood swings; overcome imposter syndrome; or decrease sexual dysunction. I treat clinical issues such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar. I also work with adults on relationship issues and with couples using the Gottman Model of Couples Therapy. I am also passionate about social justice & regularly provide assessments & reports for immigration & criminal court proceedings (including bail application, S14 applications, and sentencing reports).
(02) 8294 8062 View (02) 8294 8062
Photo of Adrian Allen, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Adrian Allen
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Online Only
Adrian understands that everyone has their own emotional and mental health needs. He aims to understand your specific concerns, needs and goals. He works with people who have concerns with mood and depression, various types of anxiety, worry, OCD, work and life stress, relationships, and trauma and PTSD. You may find working with Adrian helpful if you want to learn practical tools and skills that are supported by science to achieve real change in how you feel. Adrian brings extensive experience to his work - several years working in major public hospitals, supervising and teaching clinical trainees, and publishing research.
Adrian understands that everyone has their own emotional and mental health needs. He aims to understand your specific concerns, needs and goals. He works with people who have concerns with mood and depression, various types of anxiety, worry, OCD, work and life stress, relationships, and trauma and PTSD. You may find working with Adrian helpful if you want to learn practical tools and skills that are supported by science to achieve real change in how you feel. Adrian brings extensive experience to his work - several years working in major public hospitals, supervising and teaching clinical trainees, and publishing research.
(02) 8074 5317 View (02) 8074 5317
Photo of Ryan Montoya-Val, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Ryan Montoya-Val
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Online Only
I usually draw from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).
I'm a person-centred psychologist, passionate about helping people overcome a wide variety life challenges. I believe in taking a collaborative approach to therapy, trusting in each person’s capacity to grow and become their best selves. I take a neurodiversity-affirming approach to my practice, meaning I see neurodivergent conditions such as Autism and ADHD as being brain differences, not deficits. I enjoy helping later diagnosed/identifying neurodivergent people overcome the challenges and burnout of living in a neurotypical world.
I usually draw from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).
I'm a person-centred psychologist, passionate about helping people overcome a wide variety life challenges. I believe in taking a collaborative approach to therapy, trusting in each person’s capacity to grow and become their best selves. I take a neurodiversity-affirming approach to my practice, meaning I see neurodivergent conditions such as Autism and ADHD as being brain differences, not deficits. I enjoy helping later diagnosed/identifying neurodivergent people overcome the challenges and burnout of living in a neurotypical world.
(03) 4233 8605 View (03) 4233 8605
Photo of Vishmi De Silva, Counsellor, MSc, PACFA
Vishmi De Silva
Counsellor, MSc, PACFA
Ryde, NSW 2112
I work with adults, couples and children who are struggling with their mental health and wellbeing. Many struggle with anxiety, people-pleasing, or relationship patterns rooted in childhood. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space to explore your story, understand your patterns, and reconnect with your authentic self.
I work with adults, couples and children who are struggling with their mental health and wellbeing. Many struggle with anxiety, people-pleasing, or relationship patterns rooted in childhood. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space to explore your story, understand your patterns, and reconnect with your authentic self.
(02) 7804 4768 View (02) 7804 4768
Photo of Bradley Bowen, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Bradley Bowen
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Glebe, NSW 2037
My experience and skills include managing a wide range of psychological problems, using a range of therapies including Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) and Mindfulness.
I am honoured to be a 2024 Finalist for Psychologist of the Year at the Australian Allied Health Awards
My experience and skills include managing a wide range of psychological problems, using a range of therapies including Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) and Mindfulness.
I am honoured to be a 2024 Finalist for Psychologist of the Year at the Australian Allied Health Awards
(02) 9564 3758 View (02) 9564 3758
Photo of Jules Chenoweth, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Jules Chenoweth
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Serves Area
I’m Jules, an ACA registered Counsellor with 15 years experience working with young people aged 10-25 and their families. Pairing evidence based practice with warmth and authenticity, I provide trauma-informed, client-centred counselling and casework where young people feel safe, seen and heard. Meaningful connection is at the heart of what I do, with both my client and their network - including parents, schools, and their community.
I’m Jules, an ACA registered Counsellor with 15 years experience working with young people aged 10-25 and their families. Pairing evidence based practice with warmth and authenticity, I provide trauma-informed, client-centred counselling and casework where young people feel safe, seen and heard. Meaningful connection is at the heart of what I do, with both my client and their network - including parents, schools, and their community.
0493 452 067 View 0493 452 067
Photo of Amy Joscelyne, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Amy Joscelyne
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
1 Endorsed
Ultimo, NSW 2007
I work from a place of respect and compassion to help you overcome challenges such as: trauma and loss, anxiety, relationship difficulties, low self-esteem, fertility issues, pregnancy loss, sexual difficulties such as vaginismus and erectile dysfunction, alcohol and substance abuse, worry, low mood, negative thinking, narcissistic abuse, difficulty finding a partner, and navigating major transitions in life. Whatever the cause of your concern, my primary goal is to support you in feeling better.
I work from a place of respect and compassion to help you overcome challenges such as: trauma and loss, anxiety, relationship difficulties, low self-esteem, fertility issues, pregnancy loss, sexual difficulties such as vaginismus and erectile dysfunction, alcohol and substance abuse, worry, low mood, negative thinking, narcissistic abuse, difficulty finding a partner, and navigating major transitions in life. Whatever the cause of your concern, my primary goal is to support you in feeling better.
(02) 9046 8415 View (02) 9046 8415
Photo of Lana Jaff - Lana Jaff - EMDR & Trauma Treatment, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Lana Jaff - EMDR & Trauma Treatment
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Castle Hill, NSW 2154
I draw upon a comprehensive toolkit of psychological frameworks, including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), Internal Family Systems (IFS), Schema Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT).
I am deeply committed to facilitating meaningful and lasting change. My clinical practice focuses on individuals with complex presentations, including trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Beyond these challenges, I am also passionate about supporting anyone aspiring to self-understanding, personal growth, and a high quality of life. I work with you to optimise your well-being, build resilience, and achieve greater fulfilment, empowering you to move beyond simply managing difficulties towards a life of greater well-being.
I draw upon a comprehensive toolkit of psychological frameworks, including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), Internal Family Systems (IFS), Schema Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT).
I am deeply committed to facilitating meaningful and lasting change. My clinical practice focuses on individuals with complex presentations, including trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Beyond these challenges, I am also passionate about supporting anyone aspiring to self-understanding, personal growth, and a high quality of life. I work with you to optimise your well-being, build resilience, and achieve greater fulfilment, empowering you to move beyond simply managing difficulties towards a life of greater well-being.
(02) 8403 2358 View (02) 8403 2358
Photo of Michael Grunwald, Psychologist, Assoc MAPS
Michael Grunwald
Psychologist, Assoc MAPS
Glebe, NSW 2037
I am a Registered General Psychologist, Counsellor and Psychotherapist experienced in working with a wide range of common adult mental health concerns in an open, sincere and frank manner, including depression, anxiety, stress, adjustment and OCD disorders as well as various addictions (alcohol, drug, gambling, sex, internet) and recovery. As an older therapist, I bring decades of life experience into my counselling, with personal experience of many of the challenges facing clients, including trauma, grief/loss, neurodiversity (e.g. ADHD), sex/relationship/men's issues, workplace stress/bullying, hoarding, parenting and adoption.
I am a Registered General Psychologist, Counsellor and Psychotherapist experienced in working with a wide range of common adult mental health concerns in an open, sincere and frank manner, including depression, anxiety, stress, adjustment and OCD disorders as well as various addictions (alcohol, drug, gambling, sex, internet) and recovery. As an older therapist, I bring decades of life experience into my counselling, with personal experience of many of the challenges facing clients, including trauma, grief/loss, neurodiversity (e.g. ADHD), sex/relationship/men's issues, workplace stress/bullying, hoarding, parenting and adoption.
(02) 8806 0512 View (02) 8806 0512
Photo of Taf Manhambo, Social Worker, AASW
Taf Manhambo
Social Worker, AASW
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi there, I’m a psychotherapist, EMDR therapist and clinical mental health therapist (social work) offering both in-person sessions in Bulimba and online. I believe therapy begins with connection. The trust and safety you feel with your therapist create the foundation for meaningful change. It’s from that place that feeling truly supported, nurtured, empowered and more connected to yourself can begin. If you're looking for someone who brings genuine presence, curiosity, and the ability to sit with your vulnerability, strengths, and complexity with care, then you're in the right place.
Hi there, I’m a psychotherapist, EMDR therapist and clinical mental health therapist (social work) offering both in-person sessions in Bulimba and online. I believe therapy begins with connection. The trust and safety you feel with your therapist create the foundation for meaningful change. It’s from that place that feeling truly supported, nurtured, empowered and more connected to yourself can begin. If you're looking for someone who brings genuine presence, curiosity, and the ability to sit with your vulnerability, strengths, and complexity with care, then you're in the right place.
(07) 3132 0848 View (07) 3132 0848
Photo of Mark G Olsen, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Mark G Olsen
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Liverpool, NSW 2170
Are you looking to learn more about yourself and why you think, feel, and act in the ways that you do?
Seeking therapy with a psychologist means entering into a confidential relationship that allows you to explore and understand your pain and come to know yourself to a new level. I work to provide you with a safe space and evidence-backed insights and guidance using proven assessments and therapy approaches.
Are you looking to learn more about yourself and why you think, feel, and act in the ways that you do?
Seeking therapy with a psychologist means entering into a confidential relationship that allows you to explore and understand your pain and come to know yourself to a new level. I work to provide you with a safe space and evidence-backed insights and guidance using proven assessments and therapy approaches.
(02) 8105 6831 View (02) 8105 6831
Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Therapists
How does acceptance and commitment therapy work?
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy encourages a person to listen to their self-talk. A person’s inner dialog can be indicative of how they treat themselves. ACT also encourages self-compassion; this can lead to a better understanding of negative thought patterns and emotional states. This understanding can then lead the individual to needed behavior change.

What are the goals of acceptance and commitment therapy?
The goal of acceptance and commitment is to expand a person’s psychological flexibility, a trait that encourages an individual to live in the present moment and to accept all their thoughts, feelings, and emotions, even ones that are difficult such as sadness and anxiety. In ACT, this acceptance is congruent with the individual’s values and beliefs.

Does acceptance and commitment therapy work for depression?
Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective for depression because it allows the individual to view their discomfort and suffering differently. Depressive feelings about relationship heartaches, for example, are a part of life. A despondent person learns to let go of their struggles and instead view their painful thoughts and feelings with compassion. This will lead the individual toward positive change.

How long are people typically in acceptance and commitment therapy?
A typical acceptance and commitment therapy session is 50 minutes long with one session per week. Treatment for common problems such as anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties can last between eight weeks to four months. However, more severe cases may require more than one session a week and/or a longer time frame for treatment.