Counselling in Berry, NSW

Photo of Kim Leone Taylor - Spirited Life Counselling and Therapy, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Spirited Life Counselling and Therapy
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
People attend counselling and psychotherapy because they are feeling upset, in emotional pain or have a long-standing problem that needs attention and clarity. I assist people to work through the issues they bring and not just focus on the problem but the whole person and how this is impacting their lives. Issues I can assist with are Anger Management, Anxiety, Childhood Abuse, Depression, Emotional & Physical Abuse, Emotional Crisis, Grief, Loss, Trauma, Cancer and Palliative Care, Life Transitions, Relationships, Self-esteem, Sexual Issues, Stress Management and Couples/Marriage Affairs, Trust Issues and Communication.
People attend counselling and psychotherapy because they are feeling upset, in emotional pain or have a long-standing problem that needs attention and clarity. I assist people to work through the issues they bring and not just focus on the problem but the whole person and how this is impacting their lives. Issues I can assist with are Anger Management, Anxiety, Childhood Abuse, Depression, Emotional & Physical Abuse, Emotional Crisis, Grief, Loss, Trauma, Cancer and Palliative Care, Life Transitions, Relationships, Self-esteem, Sexual Issues, Stress Management and Couples/Marriage Affairs, Trust Issues and Communication.
(02) 4401 9611 View (02) 4401 9611
Photo of Austin Stewart - Lean-In Therapy, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Lean-In Therapy
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
Originally from Ireland and now living in Australia, I am a passionate psychotherapist and counsellor dedicated to helping individuals find balance and fulfilment in their lives. My approach is holistic, recognising the interconnectedness of mind, body, emotions and spirit. I am committed to creating a safe, non-judgmental, and nurturing environment where clients feel supported as they explore their emotions, work through challenges, and achieve personal growth. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, or seeking personal growth, my goal is to help you navigate your life with empathy and care.
Originally from Ireland and now living in Australia, I am a passionate psychotherapist and counsellor dedicated to helping individuals find balance and fulfilment in their lives. My approach is holistic, recognising the interconnectedness of mind, body, emotions and spirit. I am committed to creating a safe, non-judgmental, and nurturing environment where clients feel supported as they explore their emotions, work through challenges, and achieve personal growth. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, or seeking personal growth, my goal is to help you navigate your life with empathy and care.
(02) 4401 9979 View (02) 4401 9979
Photo of Lisa Stratton - Horses Healing Humans, PACFA, Counsellor
Horses Healing Humans
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
Together we can explore the things in your life that are holding you back. Sometimes we just feel stuck. We lose our peace, we may feel lost and misunderstood. We may just need someone who is really willing to listen to us. I have a special interest in helping with prenatal and postnatal anxiety and depression, trauma recovery, women and children’s mental health, PTSD, physical and psychological birth trauma. Grief and loss. I also offer debriefing sessions to emergency responders including nurses, midwives, doctors, a
Together we can explore the things in your life that are holding you back. Sometimes we just feel stuck. We lose our peace, we may feel lost and misunderstood. We may just need someone who is really willing to listen to us. I have a special interest in helping with prenatal and postnatal anxiety and depression, trauma recovery, women and children’s mental health, PTSD, physical and psychological birth trauma. Grief and loss. I also offer debriefing sessions to emergency responders including nurses, midwives, doctors, a
(02) 4404 0474 View (02) 4404 0474
Photo of Janet Bateman, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Janet Bateman
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berry, NSW 2535
People attend counselling and psychotherapy because they are feeling upset, in emotional pain or have a long-standing problem that needs attention and clarity. I assist people to work through the issues they bring and not just focus on the problem but the whole person and how this is impacting their lives. Issues I can assist with are self esteem, anxiety and depression, grief and loss, life transitions, separation and divorce, parenting, inner critic, and relationship issues with yourself and others.
People attend counselling and psychotherapy because they are feeling upset, in emotional pain or have a long-standing problem that needs attention and clarity. I assist people to work through the issues they bring and not just focus on the problem but the whole person and how this is impacting their lives. Issues I can assist with are self esteem, anxiety and depression, grief and loss, life transitions, separation and divorce, parenting, inner critic, and relationship issues with yourself and others.
(02) 4404 0413 View (02) 4404 0413
Photo of Janine Lord - Shoalhaven Psychology Services, MAPS, Psychologist
Shoalhaven Psychology Services
Psychologist, MAPS
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
Our team of psychologists work with people and schools across Nowra and the greater Shoalhaven and Illawarra regions to provide counselling and help people resolve issues they feel are getting in the way of reaching their potential. At Shoalhaven Psychology Services we believe in whole well-being and addressing all aspects of the self internally and externally to attain capacity for processing and adapting in life.
Our team of psychologists work with people and schools across Nowra and the greater Shoalhaven and Illawarra regions to provide counselling and help people resolve issues they feel are getting in the way of reaching their potential. At Shoalhaven Psychology Services we believe in whole well-being and addressing all aspects of the self internally and externally to attain capacity for processing and adapting in life.
(02) 4058 4743 View (02) 4058 4743
Photo of Glenn James Berry - Future Direction Counselling , ACA-L1, Counsellor
Future Direction Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
“Being listened to and heard is one of the greatest desires of the human heart.” — Richard Carlson PhD - Author. Glenn is passionate about counselling and has been a Chaplain and Counsellor since 2011. Glenn is able to support men though the difficulties in life such as Grief and Loss, Trauma, understanding relationships, Anxiety, Depression, Addictions, Work related difficulties and spirituality. Glenn has a desire to see men find healing, identity, meaning and purpose.
“Being listened to and heard is one of the greatest desires of the human heart.” — Richard Carlson PhD - Author. Glenn is passionate about counselling and has been a Chaplain and Counsellor since 2011. Glenn is able to support men though the difficulties in life such as Grief and Loss, Trauma, understanding relationships, Anxiety, Depression, Addictions, Work related difficulties and spirituality. Glenn has a desire to see men find healing, identity, meaning and purpose.
(02) 4214 8520 View (02) 4214 8520
Photo of Jodie Humphreys, MPsych, Australian Association of Psychologists - Member, Psychologist
Jodie Humphreys
Psychologist, MPsych, Australian Association of Psychologists - Member
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
Im a psychologist with over 20 years experience both in schools and in private practice. I work with children /adolescents/ families and couples. Im level 3 Gottman Trained in Couples Therapy. I work with a variety of presentations: Anxiety/Depression/ Relationship Issues/ Trauma/ ADHD and Autism challenges
Im a psychologist with over 20 years experience both in schools and in private practice. I work with children /adolescents/ families and couples. Im level 3 Gottman Trained in Couples Therapy. I work with a variety of presentations: Anxiety/Depression/ Relationship Issues/ Trauma/ ADHD and Autism challenges
(02) 4406 6410 View (02) 4406 6410
Photo of Isha Knill, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Isha Knill
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berry, NSW 2535
Isha is a registered Counsellor who specialises in relationship counselling whether it's the relationship you share with another person or the relationship you have with yourself. She helps couples and families learn how to defuse conflict, communicate respectfully with each other, deepen their emotional connection, increase intimacy and enhance their respect and affection for each other. Her aim is to assist couples and families to deepen their friendship and family connection. She also supports individuals to learn how to cultivate healthy relationships with others and themselves.
Isha is a registered Counsellor who specialises in relationship counselling whether it's the relationship you share with another person or the relationship you have with yourself. She helps couples and families learn how to defuse conflict, communicate respectfully with each other, deepen their emotional connection, increase intimacy and enhance their respect and affection for each other. Her aim is to assist couples and families to deepen their friendship and family connection. She also supports individuals to learn how to cultivate healthy relationships with others and themselves.
(02) 3820 5943 View (02) 3820 5943
Photo of Gabriel Tolentino, MC, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gabriel Tolentino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MC, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
As an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker, with a B Social Work, a Master in Counselling SW from the UNSW and over 20 years of experience in various sectors including mental health, addiction, child protection, domestic violence, and family work, I bring a comprehensive and compassionate approach to my work. My practice is particularly geared towards addressing issues like trauma, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and problematic substance use. I employ a range of therapeutic techniques, such as EMDR, DBT, CBT, IPT, Narrative Therapy, Couple and Family Systems Therapy.
As an Accredited Mental Health Social Worker, with a B Social Work, a Master in Counselling SW from the UNSW and over 20 years of experience in various sectors including mental health, addiction, child protection, domestic violence, and family work, I bring a comprehensive and compassionate approach to my work. My practice is particularly geared towards addressing issues like trauma, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and problematic substance use. I employ a range of therapeutic techniques, such as EMDR, DBT, CBT, IPT, Narrative Therapy, Couple and Family Systems Therapy.
(02) 4406 8519 View (02) 4406 8519
Photo of Nicole Creighton - NC Counselling, PACFA, Psychotherapist
NC Counselling
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
I work with clients that experience a broad range of challenges, related to mental health, physical disabilities, grief, trauma or addictions. Most of them are at critical points in their life or within themselves when they can feel stuck or overwhelmed and do not know how to proceed to move forward or action change. I particularly specialise in counselling parents who have difficulties adapting to a new life of parenthood.
I work with clients that experience a broad range of challenges, related to mental health, physical disabilities, grief, trauma or addictions. Most of them are at critical points in their life or within themselves when they can feel stuck or overwhelmed and do not know how to proceed to move forward or action change. I particularly specialise in counselling parents who have difficulties adapting to a new life of parenthood.
(02) 4412 0918 View (02) 4412 0918
Photo of Sonia Milohanic - Sonia Milohanic - Somatic Certified IFS Therapist, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Sonia Milohanic - Somatic Certified IFS Therapist
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berry, NSW 2535  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you to make sense of your inner world, bringing relief and healing. We access the wisdom of the body, bringing curiosity and compassion to the different, often conflicted, 'parts' of you inside. I am a Certified Level 3 Internal Family Systems ('IFS') therapist and the first Australian clinically trained in Somatic IFS by its founder Susan McConnell. I am a L1 IFS Institute Program Assistant and a member of Susan's Somatic IFS staff. I have additional training in Somatic Resilience & Regulation, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy (L1) and Somatic Experiencing (current Int II participant).
I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you to make sense of your inner world, bringing relief and healing. We access the wisdom of the body, bringing curiosity and compassion to the different, often conflicted, 'parts' of you inside. I am a Certified Level 3 Internal Family Systems ('IFS') therapist and the first Australian clinically trained in Somatic IFS by its founder Susan McConnell. I am a L1 IFS Institute Program Assistant and a member of Susan's Somatic IFS staff. I have additional training in Somatic Resilience & Regulation, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy (L1) and Somatic Experiencing (current Int II participant).
(02) 4404 0112 View (02) 4404 0112
Photo of Monique Goliger, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Monique Goliger
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
My goal for you is to provide the space to work through relational patterns and traumas - often to a new place of being with yourself and others with peace and awakening. I work with individuals and couples, who feel a need to sort out their inner world - their emotions, thoughts, relationships and behaviours; or just simply feel the need to talk and to unravel and connect more deeply with themselves.
My goal for you is to provide the space to work through relational patterns and traumas - often to a new place of being with yourself and others with peace and awakening. I work with individuals and couples, who feel a need to sort out their inner world - their emotions, thoughts, relationships and behaviours; or just simply feel the need to talk and to unravel and connect more deeply with themselves.
(02) 4214 8415 View (02) 4214 8415
Photo of Marnie Mearns, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Marnie Mearns
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berry, NSW 2535
With over 10 years experience as a psychologist, Marnie is confident in working with people across the lifespan. Focus areas include anxiety, depression, trauma, issues at school, couples therapy, NDIS, adjustment to major life changes and uses neuroaffirming language and practice in working with neurodiverse clients. Marnie is welcoming and experienced with working with the LQBTQI + community.
With over 10 years experience as a psychologist, Marnie is confident in working with people across the lifespan. Focus areas include anxiety, depression, trauma, issues at school, couples therapy, NDIS, adjustment to major life changes and uses neuroaffirming language and practice in working with neurodiverse clients. Marnie is welcoming and experienced with working with the LQBTQI + community.
View
Photo of Travis Ford, PACFA, Counsellor
Travis Ford
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
The Catharsis Society is a movement that attracts people who want to become the Hero of their lives. This movement attracts individuals who need to be released from societies chains. Are you needing to be free from the overwhelming, unreachable expectations that are placed on you?
The Catharsis Society is a movement that attracts people who want to become the Hero of their lives. This movement attracts individuals who need to be released from societies chains. Are you needing to be free from the overwhelming, unreachable expectations that are placed on you?
(02) 4210 9086 View (02) 4210 9086
Photo of Rod McClure Jp, Psychotherapist
Rod McClure Jp
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
Looking for help and non judgemental assistance? Well done for seeking change to what ever maybe bothering you and or your relationship, family or friends, Maybe seeking relationship and are tired of those "hook up sites", which seem to have a single focus. Lets us work together to see who you really are and what will or could really address those endless aching needs. Depression and or Anxiety might be your burden, we can look at these reasons also. Then there are those avoidance behaviours such as Alcohol, Gambling, Workaholism, and Pornography. Let's talk first & hear or see where you choose to go.
Looking for help and non judgemental assistance? Well done for seeking change to what ever maybe bothering you and or your relationship, family or friends, Maybe seeking relationship and are tired of those "hook up sites", which seem to have a single focus. Lets us work together to see who you really are and what will or could really address those endless aching needs. Depression and or Anxiety might be your burden, we can look at these reasons also. Then there are those avoidance behaviours such as Alcohol, Gambling, Workaholism, and Pornography. Let's talk first & hear or see where you choose to go.
(02) 4400 9115 View (02) 4400 9115
Photo of Wendy Church, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Wendy Church
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535  (Online Only)
My practice is focussed on listening to your thoughts, anxieties, wishes, dreams, deep sadnesses, regrets and interpersonal issues. Helping to understand and accept ourselves and find ways of moving forward and remaining connected to those we love even through conflict.
My practice is focussed on listening to your thoughts, anxieties, wishes, dreams, deep sadnesses, regrets and interpersonal issues. Helping to understand and accept ourselves and find ways of moving forward and remaining connected to those we love even through conflict.
(02) 4400 9850 View (02) 4400 9850
Photo of Sophie Aghdami, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Sophie Aghdami
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Berry, NSW 2535
At the heart of my approach is a firm belief in an individual’s capacity for growth. I don’t use one particular therapy pathway; my method honours individuality, using a range of strategies for the best outcomes for you personally. Increasing self awareness is our biggest opportunity to grow. Most often, when we’re experiencing something challenging, the key piece of the puzzle is understanding why we’re feeling what we’re feeling, why we’re doing what we’re doing, and why we’re experiencing what we’re experiencing. This helps us change unhelpful cycles & behaviours. My approach is effective for a range of life’s challenges.
At the heart of my approach is a firm belief in an individual’s capacity for growth. I don’t use one particular therapy pathway; my method honours individuality, using a range of strategies for the best outcomes for you personally. Increasing self awareness is our biggest opportunity to grow. Most often, when we’re experiencing something challenging, the key piece of the puzzle is understanding why we’re feeling what we’re feeling, why we’re doing what we’re doing, and why we’re experiencing what we’re experiencing. This helps us change unhelpful cycles & behaviours. My approach is effective for a range of life’s challenges.
(08) 6147 0248 View (08) 6147 0248

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Paul Jessop, MSc, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Paul Jessop
Psychotherapist, MSc, PACFA
Verified Verified
Robertson, NSW 2577
If you are looking for a safe, supportive space where you will be truly heard, accepted and empowered to move forward, I invite you to connect with me. I am passionate about helping people through depression, anxiety, mood disorders and addiction. I can walk beside you to help you navigate and integrate major life transitions and experiences.
If you are looking for a safe, supportive space where you will be truly heard, accepted and empowered to move forward, I invite you to connect with me. I am passionate about helping people through depression, anxiety, mood disorders and addiction. I can walk beside you to help you navigate and integrate major life transitions and experiences.
(02) 8000 1695 View (02) 8000 1695
Photo of Sara Oldfield, MSc, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Sara Oldfield
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Wollongong, NSW 2500
Sara works from a client-centred approach, tailoring treatment to suit each client’s individual needs. This is informed by evidence based practices including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Play therapy. Sara is also trained in EMDR. She places a high emphasis on creating a genuine, warm and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their uniqueness, strengths and challenges.
Sara works from a client-centred approach, tailoring treatment to suit each client’s individual needs. This is informed by evidence based practices including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Play therapy. Sara is also trained in EMDR. She places a high emphasis on creating a genuine, warm and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their uniqueness, strengths and challenges.
(02) 4214 8219 View (02) 4214 8219
Photo of Luke Lachlan Terrence Fullagar - Place Psychology, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Place Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Woonona, NSW 2517
Hi, I'm Luke. I work with adults & late teens to recover from their symptoms & build a life full of meaning, safety, purpose & happiness. I work with a client-focussed & trauma-informed approach that seeks to affirm your inherent strengths & values, & considers you as the authority on your own life. I’m committed to psychological safety & work to maintain an inclusive environment for all identities & cultures. I affirm & validate the unique experiences that every person brings to their therapy & try to build a container of respect & dignity which is a dependable place for healing. I commit to your care for as long at it takes.
Hi, I'm Luke. I work with adults & late teens to recover from their symptoms & build a life full of meaning, safety, purpose & happiness. I work with a client-focussed & trauma-informed approach that seeks to affirm your inherent strengths & values, & considers you as the authority on your own life. I’m committed to psychological safety & work to maintain an inclusive environment for all identities & cultures. I affirm & validate the unique experiences that every person brings to their therapy & try to build a container of respect & dignity which is a dependable place for healing. I commit to your care for as long at it takes.
(02) 4210 5206 View (02) 4210 5206

See more therapy options for Berry

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Berry, NSW

10+

Average cost per session

$110

Counsellors in Berry, NSW who prioritize treating:

76% Anxiety
76% Family Conflict
71% Relationship Issues
71% Depression
65% Self Esteem
65% Stress
59% Bereavement

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% Bupa
50% Other
50% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in Berry, NSW see their clients

89% In Person and Online
11% Online Only

Gender breakdown

69% Female
31% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Berry?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.