Counselling in Belrose, NSW

Photo of Carolina Souto-Jones, Counsellor, PACFA
Carolina Souto-Jones
Counsellor, PACFA
Belrose, NSW 2085
Waitlist for new clients
I work with a person-centred approach, within it I pull from my years of experience in all areas of mental health. The therapeutic strategies and interventions I predominantly work with are the behaviour focused therapies of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, (DBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). Above all I hold the up most importance in developing a good therapeutic relationship between client and therapist, within it a emotional bond of trust, caring and respect is created, which allows for a safe space where healing can take place.
I work with a person-centred approach, within it I pull from my years of experience in all areas of mental health. The therapeutic strategies and interventions I predominantly work with are the behaviour focused therapies of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, (DBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). Above all I hold the up most importance in developing a good therapeutic relationship between client and therapist, within it a emotional bond of trust, caring and respect is created, which allows for a safe space where healing can take place.
(02) 8403 0054 View (02) 8403 0054
Photo of Dr Natalie Lynette Phillips - Beaches Brain Clinic, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Beaches Brain Clinic
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Belrose, NSW 2085
Psychological and Neuropsychological Testing Clinic located on the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales. We specialise in comprehensive neuropsychological assessments and diagnostic evaluations of a diverse range of neurodevelopmental differences (e.g., Autism, ADHD, Specific Learning Disorders / Dyslexia, Intellectual Disability, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder etc.), acquired brain injuries (e.g., concussion, Traumatic Brain Injury) and neurological conditions (e.g., Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis etc.).
Psychological and Neuropsychological Testing Clinic located on the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales. We specialise in comprehensive neuropsychological assessments and diagnostic evaluations of a diverse range of neurodevelopmental differences (e.g., Autism, ADHD, Specific Learning Disorders / Dyslexia, Intellectual Disability, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder etc.), acquired brain injuries (e.g., concussion, Traumatic Brain Injury) and neurological conditions (e.g., Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis etc.).
(02) 9909 6138 View (02) 9909 6138
Photo of Kanny Oluwakanyinsola Hannah - Dr. Kanny Hannah, Oshia, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr. Kanny Hannah, Oshia
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Belrose, NSW 2085
Dr. Kanny Hannah supports individuals with complex mental health needs, including adults with personality disorders, adjustment disorders, and PTSD. She also helps children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental and emotional challenges like ADHD, autism, and emotional regulation difficulties. Additionally, she provides comprehensive neuropsychological assessments, evaluating IQ, memory, and executive functioning, and offers formal diagnoses for conditions such as ASD, ADHD, and personality disorders.
Dr. Kanny Hannah supports individuals with complex mental health needs, including adults with personality disorders, adjustment disorders, and PTSD. She also helps children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental and emotional challenges like ADHD, autism, and emotional regulation difficulties. Additionally, she provides comprehensive neuropsychological assessments, evaluating IQ, memory, and executive functioning, and offers formal diagnoses for conditions such as ASD, ADHD, and personality disorders.
(02) 8403 0648 View (02) 8403 0648
Photo of Tanja Rose Limnios - Thinkahead, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Thinkahead
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Are you suffering a mental health condition and need support? Are you struggling dealing with your childs behaviour or simply need an assessment for learning difficulties/ADHD/ASD? You may simply be feeling a little lost with little direction and clarity. If this is you, then make a change today and reach out and speak to one of our clinicians. We use a multidisciplinary approach and have a team of Psychologists, Occupational Therapist, Behaviour Therapists, Speech Pathologists, Art Therapists, Learning/ Remedial Support Teachers, Physiotherapists. We see NDIS, Medicare, WC, VS, EAP clients
Are you suffering a mental health condition and need support? Are you struggling dealing with your childs behaviour or simply need an assessment for learning difficulties/ADHD/ASD? You may simply be feeling a little lost with little direction and clarity. If this is you, then make a change today and reach out and speak to one of our clinicians. We use a multidisciplinary approach and have a team of Psychologists, Occupational Therapist, Behaviour Therapists, Speech Pathologists, Art Therapists, Learning/ Remedial Support Teachers, Physiotherapists. We see NDIS, Medicare, WC, VS, EAP clients
(02) 9053 4507 View (02) 9053 4507
Photo of Jh Venter - Renew Clinical Psychology, Psychologist, MAPS
Renew Clinical Psychology
Psychologist, MAPS
Serves Area
I am JH Venter a clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience. I have worked in a variety of public and private sector settings, recently leading a team of mental health professionals at UNSW, where we cared for the student population. I am passionate about helping clients to achieve their full potential. I support clients transitioning into adulthood and adults navigating various life stages and obstacles by providing evidence-based treatment such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Mindfulness, and Solution Focused Therapy.
I am JH Venter a clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience. I have worked in a variety of public and private sector settings, recently leading a team of mental health professionals at UNSW, where we cared for the student population. I am passionate about helping clients to achieve their full potential. I support clients transitioning into adulthood and adults navigating various life stages and obstacles by providing evidence-based treatment such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Mindfulness, and Solution Focused Therapy.
(02) 8599 0662 View (02) 8599 0662
Photo of Clare Elizabeth Filmer-Ramsay - M2M Counselling, Counsellor, ACA-L2
M2M Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
Hi I'm Clare. I am currently taking new clients. I focus on clients experiencing anxiety, stress, addiction, grief, feelings of low self-worth and depression. I practice within a DBT framework, using a person centred approach. I help clients re-frame their emotional experiences working with Emotion Focused Individual Therapy, motivational interviewing, and CBT. Focusing on being present, communicating effectively and regulating emotions, clients are able to make informed choices regarding their emotions, actions, and behaviours. This leads to increased motivation, positive self-worth, and improved relationships with self and others.
Hi I'm Clare. I am currently taking new clients. I focus on clients experiencing anxiety, stress, addiction, grief, feelings of low self-worth and depression. I practice within a DBT framework, using a person centred approach. I help clients re-frame their emotional experiences working with Emotion Focused Individual Therapy, motivational interviewing, and CBT. Focusing on being present, communicating effectively and regulating emotions, clients are able to make informed choices regarding their emotions, actions, and behaviours. This leads to increased motivation, positive self-worth, and improved relationships with self and others.
(02) 9909 6174 View (02) 9909 6174
Photo of Anita Blakeley-Smith, Psychologist, PhD, MAPS
Anita Blakeley-Smith
Psychologist, PhD, MAPS
Serves Area
I am warm, open and experienced Doctor of clinical psychology who works with all sorts of issues, big and small, from life adjustment issues to mental health difficulties. My focus is on mental health wellness. I work with proven psychology treatments for mood and relationship issues for all ages, including couples.  I aim to treat each client as an individual with their own unique biology, personal history, strengths and areas for change, utilising a collaborative approach to provide your own program of evidence based intervention.
I am warm, open and experienced Doctor of clinical psychology who works with all sorts of issues, big and small, from life adjustment issues to mental health difficulties. My focus is on mental health wellness. I work with proven psychology treatments for mood and relationship issues for all ages, including couples.  I aim to treat each client as an individual with their own unique biology, personal history, strengths and areas for change, utilising a collaborative approach to provide your own program of evidence based intervention.
(02) 8294 6666 View (02) 8294 6666
Photo of Janine Sharpe - Sharpe Connections Counselling and Psychotherapy, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Sharpe Connections Counselling and Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Counselling and psychotherapy can be a wonderful resource to improve your overall wellbeing. My therapeutic approach can help you: to develop mental and emotional flexibility and resilience, make the connection between the body, mind and spirit, set goals and intentions that support your vision for the future. These are some of the areas I work with: Relationship issues, anxiety, depression, life transitions, workplace issues, trauma & PTSD, stress, unhelpful thinking styles, core beliefs and sub-conscious programs, creating new neural networks and identifying strengths to enhance resilience.
Counselling and psychotherapy can be a wonderful resource to improve your overall wellbeing. My therapeutic approach can help you: to develop mental and emotional flexibility and resilience, make the connection between the body, mind and spirit, set goals and intentions that support your vision for the future. These are some of the areas I work with: Relationship issues, anxiety, depression, life transitions, workplace issues, trauma & PTSD, stress, unhelpful thinking styles, core beliefs and sub-conscious programs, creating new neural networks and identifying strengths to enhance resilience.
(02) 8403 2022 View (02) 8403 2022
Photo of Anthia Shaw, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Anthia Shaw
Counsellor, ACA-L1
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I value empowering clients to navigate challenging situations, such as relationship challenges, single parenting, trauma, grief and loss.
I value empowering clients to navigate challenging situations, such as relationship challenges, single parenting, trauma, grief and loss.
(02) 9538 7163 View (02) 9538 7163
Photo of Cassie Antees, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Cassie Antees
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Hello, my name is Cassie, and I am a Clinical Neuropsychologist based in Sydney's Northern Beaches. I have substantial experience in comprehensive neuropsychological assessments across the lifespan and have a particular interest in neurodivergence, especially ADHD and autism, including presentations in women and girls. I am trained in the ADOS-2, an internationally recognised tool used as part of best-practice autism assessments. I regularly work with clients seeking diagnostic clarity to support NDIS applications and tailored intervention planning.
Hello, my name is Cassie, and I am a Clinical Neuropsychologist based in Sydney's Northern Beaches. I have substantial experience in comprehensive neuropsychological assessments across the lifespan and have a particular interest in neurodivergence, especially ADHD and autism, including presentations in women and girls. I am trained in the ADOS-2, an internationally recognised tool used as part of best-practice autism assessments. I regularly work with clients seeking diagnostic clarity to support NDIS applications and tailored intervention planning.
(02) 8403 2667 View (02) 8403 2667
Photo of Martina Link - Balance your Life Counselling - Martina Link, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Balance your Life Counselling - Martina Link
Counsellor, ACA-L1
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life can be overwhelming, especially when facing challenges like chronic illness, loss & grief, interpersonal relationship issues and general emotional distress. You don’t have to navigate these difficulties alone. My approach is rooted in understanding and empathy, helping you find the strength to overcome obstacles and achieve a positive outlook. Together, we will explore solutions that empower you to move forward, fostering personal growth and resilience. With a deep understanding of the complex emotions and struggles you’re experiencing, I am here to support you every step of the way, guiding you toward a fulfilling future.
Life can be overwhelming, especially when facing challenges like chronic illness, loss & grief, interpersonal relationship issues and general emotional distress. You don’t have to navigate these difficulties alone. My approach is rooted in understanding and empathy, helping you find the strength to overcome obstacles and achieve a positive outlook. Together, we will explore solutions that empower you to move forward, fostering personal growth and resilience. With a deep understanding of the complex emotions and struggles you’re experiencing, I am here to support you every step of the way, guiding you toward a fulfilling future.
(02) 8403 1165 View (02) 8403 1165
Photo of Sarah Beetham - Sarah Beetham Psychotherapist, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Sarah Beetham Psychotherapist
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Have you been unable to move beyond entrenched unhealthy relational patterns or addictive behaviours deeply impacting your emotional, psychological & physical well-being? The repetitive nature of these unhealthy thoughts, behaviours & feelings are what leads most clients through my door. My task as your counsellor is to provide an environment that disrupts your current level of functioning or repetitive patterns & move you towards change & renewed progression. I observe your Discrepancies or Mixed Messages & Inner Conflicts within your Narrative, Story & Behaviours, regarding the most personal dimensions of your Life Challenges.
Have you been unable to move beyond entrenched unhealthy relational patterns or addictive behaviours deeply impacting your emotional, psychological & physical well-being? The repetitive nature of these unhealthy thoughts, behaviours & feelings are what leads most clients through my door. My task as your counsellor is to provide an environment that disrupts your current level of functioning or repetitive patterns & move you towards change & renewed progression. I observe your Discrepancies or Mixed Messages & Inner Conflicts within your Narrative, Story & Behaviours, regarding the most personal dimensions of your Life Challenges.
(02) 8074 3973 View (02) 8074 3973
Photo of Philippa Montier - Inner View Art Therapy, Psychotherapist, AThR
Inner View Art Therapy
Psychotherapist, AThR
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, disconnected or struggling with a difficult event in your life? Are you finding it difficult to put into words just what you're feeling and thinking? Do you want support to feel lighter, calmer and clearer? Are you hoping to find a safe, supportive space to improve and maintain your mental wellbeing?
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, disconnected or struggling with a difficult event in your life? Are you finding it difficult to put into words just what you're feeling and thinking? Do you want support to feel lighter, calmer and clearer? Are you hoping to find a safe, supportive space to improve and maintain your mental wellbeing?
(02) 8999 5048 View (02) 8999 5048
Photo of Anne-Louise James, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Anne-Louise James
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Serves Area
Welcome to Mindset Connect. I am committed to supporting you through your unique challenges via online counselling. I understand that seeking help can be overwhelming and I am here to create a safe and empathetic space where you feel truly heard and valued. I use person-centred therapy and evidence-based approaches tailored to your needs. We work together to create goals to help you overcome your life concerns leading to more fulfilling lives.
Welcome to Mindset Connect. I am committed to supporting you through your unique challenges via online counselling. I understand that seeking help can be overwhelming and I am here to create a safe and empathetic space where you feel truly heard and valued. I use person-centred therapy and evidence-based approaches tailored to your needs. We work together to create goals to help you overcome your life concerns leading to more fulfilling lives.
(02) 8403 0175 View (02) 8403 0175
Photo of Isabel Alfonso, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Isabel Alfonso
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
My approach is flexible and tailored your needs and preferences. I offer practical strategies to help you cope better from the start, while reaching deeper to the root cause of your issues, in order to promote lasting change. I won’t judge you or tell you what to do. Instead, I will support you while you find your own answers. I work with adolescents (14+) and adults with a wide range of issues, such as anxiety, stress, relationship problems, burnout, trauma, gambling, hoarding, grief, depression, emotion regulation, body image.
My approach is flexible and tailored your needs and preferences. I offer practical strategies to help you cope better from the start, while reaching deeper to the root cause of your issues, in order to promote lasting change. I won’t judge you or tell you what to do. Instead, I will support you while you find your own answers. I work with adolescents (14+) and adults with a wide range of issues, such as anxiety, stress, relationship problems, burnout, trauma, gambling, hoarding, grief, depression, emotion regulation, body image.
(02) 8403 2981 View (02) 8403 2981
Photo of Bianca Oliva - Bianca Oliva Psychology , Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Bianca Oliva Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I am a Registered Psychologist and Clinical Psychology Registrar dedicated to supporting children, teens, and adults navigate life's challenges and build the skills needed to flourish. My approach is warm, compassionate, collaborative, and rooted in evidence-based practices. Whether a client is seeking support for mental health concerns, life transitions, or personal growth, I aim to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space where we can work together to unlock your full potential. Please reach out if you have any questions.
I am a Registered Psychologist and Clinical Psychology Registrar dedicated to supporting children, teens, and adults navigate life's challenges and build the skills needed to flourish. My approach is warm, compassionate, collaborative, and rooted in evidence-based practices. Whether a client is seeking support for mental health concerns, life transitions, or personal growth, I aim to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space where we can work together to unlock your full potential. Please reach out if you have any questions.
(02) 9100 0024 View (02) 9100 0024
Photo of Cath Baker, Counsellor
Cath Baker
Counsellor
Online Only
ADHD Coaching and Counselling. Navigating ADHD – for yourself or your relationship? I’m here to help. Personalised strategies for managing focus, organisation, and motivation; Support for couples where one or both partners have ADHD – improve communication, connection, and understanding; Strengths-based approach to building resilience and achieving personal and relationship goals; Coaching for individuals, couples, and teams. Let’s work together to thrive with ADHD, both individually and as a couple.
ADHD Coaching and Counselling. Navigating ADHD – for yourself or your relationship? I’m here to help. Personalised strategies for managing focus, organisation, and motivation; Support for couples where one or both partners have ADHD – improve communication, connection, and understanding; Strengths-based approach to building resilience and achieving personal and relationship goals; Coaching for individuals, couples, and teams. Let’s work together to thrive with ADHD, both individually and as a couple.
(02) 9909 6118 View (02) 9909 6118
Photo of Kim Ambor, Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Kim Ambor
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with a range of clients as I have 3 main specialities: I work with couples and families (Gottman therapist) I help WorkCover clients (SIRA accredited) I help clients who have had trauma or health related issues (EMDR)
I work with a range of clients as I have 3 main specialities: I work with couples and families (Gottman therapist) I help WorkCover clients (SIRA accredited) I help clients who have had trauma or health related issues (EMDR)
(02) 9100 0330 View (02) 9100 0330
Photo of Tara Jane King, Counsellor
Tara Jane King
Counsellor
Serves Area
I am an open and warm Counsellor who works with adults with a range of presenting issues such as anxiety, depression, codependency, disordered eating, body image, addiction, managing stress, burnout and so on. I have particular interest in exploring how earlier experiences of life can affect current difficulties with emotion regulation, communication, mood, motivation, self-esteem and relationships with self and others.
I am an open and warm Counsellor who works with adults with a range of presenting issues such as anxiety, depression, codependency, disordered eating, body image, addiction, managing stress, burnout and so on. I have particular interest in exploring how earlier experiences of life can affect current difficulties with emotion regulation, communication, mood, motivation, self-esteem and relationships with self and others.
(02) 8403 1140 View (02) 8403 1140

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of David Groves - David Groves Clinical Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
David Groves Clinical Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Stanhope Gardens, NSW 2768
Before I worked as a clinical psychologist, I was a professional musician. This line of work taught me a lot. I found that the best music is made when one listens carefully, and responds to what is happening in the moment, rather than simply reciting familiar material. I bring the same philosophy to my work as a psychologist. It is incredibly important to first listen, and deeply understand the goals of the individual, which then guide the direction of therapy.
Before I worked as a clinical psychologist, I was a professional musician. This line of work taught me a lot. I found that the best music is made when one listens carefully, and responds to what is happening in the moment, rather than simply reciting familiar material. I bring the same philosophy to my work as a psychologist. It is incredibly important to first listen, and deeply understand the goals of the individual, which then guide the direction of therapy.
(02) 8609 3350 View (02) 8609 3350

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Belrose, NSW

10+

Average cost per session

$145

Counsellors in Belrose, NSW who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Stress
79% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
68% Life Transitions
58% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Medicare Rebates
40% Medibank Private
30% Bupa

How Counsellors in Belrose, NSW see their clients

95% In Person and Online
5% Online Only

Gender breakdown

95% Female
5% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Belrose?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.