Counselling in Bass Hill, NSW

Photo of Phuong Phan - Aust-Viet Counselling & Coaching, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Aust-Viet Counselling & Coaching
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Bass Hill, NSW 2197
Quý khách đang trong tình trạng Đau Khổ, Âu Lo, Bất An, Mất Ngũ hay Trầm Cảm vì những vấn đề nan giãi trong gia đình, cuộc sống, đôi lúc bế tắc tuyệt vọng? Hãy 1 lần gặp gỡ Counsellor Phương Phan, quý vị sẽ tìm được hướng giải quyết thích hợp qua Counselling & Life Coaching, giúp Tâm Lành, Thân Khỏe và Trí Sáng. Everyone is different, so individual depression, anxiety and problems are various in nature. My therapeutic & psychological Counselling program will be tailored flexibly & appropriately to meet your needs in problem solving and emotional recovery. Just try for your self-recovery. PP
Quý khách đang trong tình trạng Đau Khổ, Âu Lo, Bất An, Mất Ngũ hay Trầm Cảm vì những vấn đề nan giãi trong gia đình, cuộc sống, đôi lúc bế tắc tuyệt vọng? Hãy 1 lần gặp gỡ Counsellor Phương Phan, quý vị sẽ tìm được hướng giải quyết thích hợp qua Counselling & Life Coaching, giúp Tâm Lành, Thân Khỏe và Trí Sáng. Everyone is different, so individual depression, anxiety and problems are various in nature. My therapeutic & psychological Counselling program will be tailored flexibly & appropriately to meet your needs in problem solving and emotional recovery. Just try for your self-recovery. PP
(02) 9053 4305 View (02) 9053 4305
Photo of Sureyya Kilic - Sureyya , ACA-L2, Counsellor
Sureyya
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Bass Hill, NSW 2197  (Online Only)
I want to work with my clients, guide them to make life's difficulties easier and teach them coping methods, offer them happier life in the future.
I want to work with my clients, guide them to make life's difficulties easier and teach them coping methods, offer them happier life in the future.
0451 070 092 View 0451 070 092
Photo of Dean Mousad, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Dean Mousad
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Bass Hill, NSW 2197
My ideal client is someone struggling with inner conflict, whether from anxiety, stress, or spiritual disconnection. They seek peace through faith, healing, and understanding of Islamic principles. Their goal is to restore balance in their lives by aligning their actions with their beliefs, fostering self-compassion, and improving relationships. They desire spiritual growth, emotional well-being, and a deeper connection to Allah, so they can lead a fulfilling life in both this world and the hereafter
My ideal client is someone struggling with inner conflict, whether from anxiety, stress, or spiritual disconnection. They seek peace through faith, healing, and understanding of Islamic principles. Their goal is to restore balance in their lives by aligning their actions with their beliefs, fostering self-compassion, and improving relationships. They desire spiritual growth, emotional well-being, and a deeper connection to Allah, so they can lead a fulfilling life in both this world and the hereafter
(02) 8105 6758 View (02) 8105 6758
Photo of Irene Osman, PACFA, Counsellor
Irene Osman
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Bass Hill, NSW 2197
I am a Clinical Counsellor/Psychotherapist that is a mature and responsible individual with strong communication skills who has a successful career in counselling and psychotherapy. I am empathetic and understanding towards my clients and I utilise diverse and appropriate therapeutic approaches suited to each individual’s needs. I provide therapy for adults with problems around Eating Disorders, depression and Borderline Personality Disorder. I incorporate a variety of therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Person Centred Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy and Positive Psychology.
I am a Clinical Counsellor/Psychotherapist that is a mature and responsible individual with strong communication skills who has a successful career in counselling and psychotherapy. I am empathetic and understanding towards my clients and I utilise diverse and appropriate therapeutic approaches suited to each individual’s needs. I provide therapy for adults with problems around Eating Disorders, depression and Borderline Personality Disorder. I incorporate a variety of therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Person Centred Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy and Positive Psychology.
(02) 8105 6941 View (02) 8105 6941
Photo of Sarah Saddik, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Sarah Saddik
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Bass Hill, NSW 2197
Thank you for reaching out and taking the first, and hardest step towards a better life. I’m glad you’re here. No matter where you are in life, how bad you think things are or that there is no light at the end of the tunnel, i look forward to guiding you to a healthier and happier life. I look forward to getting to know you as an individual and to know the details that make you unique; the little parts of you that others just don’t seem to understand. Help and hope work great together, and i look forward to being able to do the same with you!
Thank you for reaching out and taking the first, and hardest step towards a better life. I’m glad you’re here. No matter where you are in life, how bad you think things are or that there is no light at the end of the tunnel, i look forward to guiding you to a healthier and happier life. I look forward to getting to know you as an individual and to know the details that make you unique; the little parts of you that others just don’t seem to understand. Help and hope work great together, and i look forward to being able to do the same with you!
(02) 7804 4266 View (02) 7804 4266

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Hany Ghobrial - Spirit & Mind Therapy, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Spirit & Mind Therapy
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Saint Johns Park, NSW 2176
My name is Hany, and I am deeply committed to fostering a safe, understanding, and empathetic space for all my clients, who seek understanding and growth amidst challenges such as anxiety, life transitions, or relationship issues. They desire a safe space to explore their feelings, understand their behaviors, and develop coping strategies to achieve emotional well-being, improve relationships, and find balance.
My name is Hany, and I am deeply committed to fostering a safe, understanding, and empathetic space for all my clients, who seek understanding and growth amidst challenges such as anxiety, life transitions, or relationship issues. They desire a safe space to explore their feelings, understand their behaviors, and develop coping strategies to achieve emotional well-being, improve relationships, and find balance.
(02) 8105 6402 View (02) 8105 6402
Photo of Michelle Louise Dal Cin - Michelle Dal Cin, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Michelle Dal Cin
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burwood, NSW 2134
I use a holistic approach and create a safe and trusting relationship to support clients in navigating thought life's challenging moments. Together we can identify the root cause of your distress and use evidence based treatments to help you overcome past traumas and release any emotional blocks.
I use a holistic approach and create a safe and trusting relationship to support clients in navigating thought life's challenging moments. Together we can identify the root cause of your distress and use evidence based treatments to help you overcome past traumas and release any emotional blocks.
(02) 7804 4971 View (02) 7804 4971
Photo of Tegan Campbell - Tegan Campbell Psychology, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Tegan Campbell Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Surry Hills, NSW 2010  (Online Only)
As a neuroaffirming clinician I take a client centred and strengths approach, respecting your unique neurotype and what works best for you! What might we talk about in therapy? Almost anything! Perhaps it's stress, anxiety or depression, your neurodivergent identity (ADHD/Autism), the assessment process (I conduct ADHD/Autism assessments and can provide post diagnosis support/coaching), the executive functions of the brain or substance use difficulties. Or maybe its parent support (raising neurodivergent children), strategies for time management, procrastination, emotion regulation or values identification...the list goes on!
As a neuroaffirming clinician I take a client centred and strengths approach, respecting your unique neurotype and what works best for you! What might we talk about in therapy? Almost anything! Perhaps it's stress, anxiety or depression, your neurodivergent identity (ADHD/Autism), the assessment process (I conduct ADHD/Autism assessments and can provide post diagnosis support/coaching), the executive functions of the brain or substance use difficulties. Or maybe its parent support (raising neurodivergent children), strategies for time management, procrastination, emotion regulation or values identification...the list goes on!
(07) 4515 2398 View (07) 4515 2398
Photo of Rita Azzi - Affective solutions, PsychD, Psychologist
Affective solutions
Psychologist, PsychD
Verified Verified
Campsie, NSW 2194
Our team offers tailored treatment approaches for anxiety, depression, trauma, marriage counselling, couples therapy, children therapy, stress management, anger management and more. An Arabic-speaking psychologist is also available.
Our team offers tailored treatment approaches for anxiety, depression, trauma, marriage counselling, couples therapy, children therapy, stress management, anger management and more. An Arabic-speaking psychologist is also available.
(02) 8105 6597 View (02) 8105 6597
Photo of Megan Andriessen, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Megan Andriessen
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Hornsby, NSW 2077
Megan strives to create a non-judgemental and supportive space where people feel safe to talk about the things that are negatively impacting on their wellbeing. With experience working in community and clinical mental health settings as well as seeing children, adolescents and adults in private practice, Megan is qualified and experienced in providing clinical care that is client-focused and compassionate. Megan currently works with young adults and adults struggling with issues related to mood and anxiety, attentional issues, traumatic stress as well as life changes and transitions. Megan works in Hornsby and Sydney CBD.
Megan strives to create a non-judgemental and supportive space where people feel safe to talk about the things that are negatively impacting on their wellbeing. With experience working in community and clinical mental health settings as well as seeing children, adolescents and adults in private practice, Megan is qualified and experienced in providing clinical care that is client-focused and compassionate. Megan currently works with young adults and adults struggling with issues related to mood and anxiety, attentional issues, traumatic stress as well as life changes and transitions. Megan works in Hornsby and Sydney CBD.
(02) 8188 4623 View (02) 8188 4623
Photo of Imogen Rose Todd - Imogen Todd - Sex Therapy, MSc
Imogen Todd - Sex Therapy
MSc
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000  (Online Only)
As a Sexologist and Social Worker, I am here to support clients with a range of presenting difficulties. I offer support to people needing sex therapy, relationship/couples therapy, perinatal therapy, and general counselling. I have expertise in supporting those with sexual function issues, including painful sex, erectile dysfunction, vaginismus and more. I also support people experiencing performance anxiety, body image concerns, relationship issues, sexual assault survivors, sex workers, and those needing support with their gender and sexuality. I provide a warm, safe and non-judgemental space to meet client needs.
As a Sexologist and Social Worker, I am here to support clients with a range of presenting difficulties. I offer support to people needing sex therapy, relationship/couples therapy, perinatal therapy, and general counselling. I have expertise in supporting those with sexual function issues, including painful sex, erectile dysfunction, vaginismus and more. I also support people experiencing performance anxiety, body image concerns, relationship issues, sexual assault survivors, sex workers, and those needing support with their gender and sexuality. I provide a warm, safe and non-judgemental space to meet client needs.
(03) 8338 1600 View (03) 8338 1600
Photo of Ari Heart - Gender Therapy & Coaching, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Gender Therapy & Coaching
Psychotherapist, PACFA
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000  (Online Only)
My name is Ari Heart. I am a trans non-binary person, a psychotherapist, coach and educator in all things trans wellbeing. I help trans and nonbinary people experience greater clarity, ease and relief, without months or years of ongoing talk therapy. If you are struggling with your identity, dysphoria, your relationship with your body, decisions about transition/gender affirmation, how you can navigate other people, coming out, finding your authentic expression, or any other gender-based challenge, you do not have to be alone with it. We can work together to accelerate your movement towards a meaningful, enjoyable trans life.
My name is Ari Heart. I am a trans non-binary person, a psychotherapist, coach and educator in all things trans wellbeing. I help trans and nonbinary people experience greater clarity, ease and relief, without months or years of ongoing talk therapy. If you are struggling with your identity, dysphoria, your relationship with your body, decisions about transition/gender affirmation, how you can navigate other people, coming out, finding your authentic expression, or any other gender-based challenge, you do not have to be alone with it. We can work together to accelerate your movement towards a meaningful, enjoyable trans life.
(03) 7003 2710 View (03) 7003 2710
Photo of Sophia Tran, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Sophia Tran
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Croydon, NSW 2132
Waitlist for new clients
Sophia Tran is a Clinical Psychologist at Clarity Clinical Psychology, based in Croydon, Sydney's Inner West. She provides a warm and supportive environment for clients to explore their experiences, develop insight and identify effective approaches to handling life’s challenges. Sophia has extensive experience working with a diverse range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship/family issues, emotion dysregulation, study/work stress or burnout, cultural issues, identity and self-worth, adjustment to major life events, and longstanding patterns of thinking and behaviour.
Sophia Tran is a Clinical Psychologist at Clarity Clinical Psychology, based in Croydon, Sydney's Inner West. She provides a warm and supportive environment for clients to explore their experiences, develop insight and identify effective approaches to handling life’s challenges. Sophia has extensive experience working with a diverse range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship/family issues, emotion dysregulation, study/work stress or burnout, cultural issues, identity and self-worth, adjustment to major life events, and longstanding patterns of thinking and behaviour.
(02) 9538 7671 View (02) 9538 7671
Photo of Michelle Kl Boyle - Michelle Boyle Counselling, ACA-L1, Counsellor
Michelle Boyle Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Verified Verified
Bangor, NSW 2234  (Online Only)
Michelle’s professional skills and life experience allows her to be approachable, knowledgeable and understanding with her clients. With extensive experience across a broad range of concerns and diverse backgrounds, Michelle provides her clients a safe open space to explore challenges, supporting clients to investigate possible areas where understanding and adjustment can bring about positive growth and greater wellbeing. Taking NDIS clients (unregistered provider)
Michelle’s professional skills and life experience allows her to be approachable, knowledgeable and understanding with her clients. With extensive experience across a broad range of concerns and diverse backgrounds, Michelle provides her clients a safe open space to explore challenges, supporting clients to investigate possible areas where understanding and adjustment can bring about positive growth and greater wellbeing. Taking NDIS clients (unregistered provider)
(02) 7501 0601 View (02) 7501 0601
Photo of Vanessa Steele, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Vanessa Steele
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Mona Vale, NSW 2103
As your counsellor, I work with you to meet the challenges in your life as you experience them. In a safe, caring space you are free to express your feelings, be heard and understood: where you can honestly explore your concerns. Together, we can clarify what kind of life you want to live, recognise your strengths and resources, discover your options, increase your self-awareness, and develop strategies to help you live your life the way you choose. My background in the performing arts has given me an appreciation of the incredible diversity in perspectives and choices we make as individuals, and to truly value the human spirit.
As your counsellor, I work with you to meet the challenges in your life as you experience them. In a safe, caring space you are free to express your feelings, be heard and understood: where you can honestly explore your concerns. Together, we can clarify what kind of life you want to live, recognise your strengths and resources, discover your options, increase your self-awareness, and develop strategies to help you live your life the way you choose. My background in the performing arts has given me an appreciation of the incredible diversity in perspectives and choices we make as individuals, and to truly value the human spirit.
(02) 8403 1873 View (02) 8403 1873
Photo of David Roberts, Counsellor
David Roberts
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
Hi, for the last 20 years I have been working with people who are experiencing challenges in their relationships. Conflict and communication problems often at the heart of these challenges. For many years I saw this when mediating with couples or parents who had decided to separate. Now through counselling I prefer to focus on the source of the problems before its too late. My particular motivation is to prevent conflict having a negative impact on children when they are involved.
Hi, for the last 20 years I have been working with people who are experiencing challenges in their relationships. Conflict and communication problems often at the heart of these challenges. For many years I saw this when mediating with couples or parents who had decided to separate. Now through counselling I prefer to focus on the source of the problems before its too late. My particular motivation is to prevent conflict having a negative impact on children when they are involved.
(02) 9100 0812 View (02) 9100 0812
Photo of Leanne Hinsch - Thrive Institute of Performance & Wellbeing, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Thrive Institute of Performance & Wellbeing
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Sydney, NSW 2000
Tailored psychological recovery and optimisation sessions for individuals, couples, families, and teams faced with the challenges of life and change. Safety-critical, high-performance environments are our speciality, however anyone motivated to live a rich and meaningful life will be at home working with THRIVE. We are a national company servicing all major & some remote cities across Australia.
Tailored psychological recovery and optimisation sessions for individuals, couples, families, and teams faced with the challenges of life and change. Safety-critical, high-performance environments are our speciality, however anyone motivated to live a rich and meaningful life will be at home working with THRIVE. We are a national company servicing all major & some remote cities across Australia.
(07) 2100 4367 View (07) 2100 4367
Photo of Douha El-Assaad, MSc, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Douha El-Assaad
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Strathfield, NSW 2135  (Online Only)
I hold space for my clients, so that they can share and tell their story with the guarantee of safety. Together, we look at the things in their life that are no longer serving them, or holding them back from living the life they imagined. Unhelpful patterns, relationships, processes, may all be holding people back from crafting the life that they want to live. I will be open to supporting new clients in early 2025. Please reach out via email if you would like to be notified when I am next available to support new clients. I offer a human service.
I hold space for my clients, so that they can share and tell their story with the guarantee of safety. Together, we look at the things in their life that are no longer serving them, or holding them back from living the life they imagined. Unhelpful patterns, relationships, processes, may all be holding people back from crafting the life that they want to live. I will be open to supporting new clients in early 2025. Please reach out via email if you would like to be notified when I am next available to support new clients. I offer a human service.
View
Photo of Danielle Beazley - Focused Foundations
Focused Foundations
Verified Verified
Helensburgh, NSW 2508
We aim to help people at all stages of their ADHD journey and those who care for them. We think there is tremendous power in understanding yourself and your loved ones. We want people to learn to leverage the advantages of ADHD and put strategies in place for the rest. Knowledge is power.
We aim to help people at all stages of their ADHD journey and those who care for them. We think there is tremendous power in understanding yourself and your loved ones. We want people to learn to leverage the advantages of ADHD and put strategies in place for the rest. Knowledge is power.
(02) 4214 8804 View (02) 4214 8804
Photo of Catriona Ward, MC, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Catriona Ward
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sydney, NSW 2000
Welcome to Oak Counselling! As a qualified counsellor, my approach is rooted in person-centred and strength-based principles. This means I believe that you are the expert of your own life and that you have the potential to change and grow. We’ll work together to set and achieve your goals. My role is to support you by creating a genuine and safe environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. I’m here to help you discover your strengths and find pathways that resonate with you. Whether you’re facing challenges or simply looking to grow, I’m committed to walking alongside you on this journey.
Welcome to Oak Counselling! As a qualified counsellor, my approach is rooted in person-centred and strength-based principles. This means I believe that you are the expert of your own life and that you have the potential to change and grow. We’ll work together to set and achieve your goals. My role is to support you by creating a genuine and safe environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. I’m here to help you discover your strengths and find pathways that resonate with you. Whether you’re facing challenges or simply looking to grow, I’m committed to walking alongside you on this journey.
(08) 6490 9341 View (08) 6490 9341

See more therapy options for Bass Hill

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Bass Hill, NSW

< 10

Counsellors in Bass Hill, NSW who prioritize treating:

80% Depression
80% Anxiety
80% Addiction
80% Behavioural Issues
80% Family Conflict
80% Coping Skills
60% Eating Disorders

Average years in practice

5 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% NDIS
50% Bupa
50% CUA Health

How Counsellors in Bass Hill, NSW see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bass Hill?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.