Counselling in Bar Beach, NSW

Photo of Nikki Strong, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
Nikki Strong
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L3
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can be unpredictable, messy and overwhelming at times and we all need help from time to time. Whether you're navigating big life changes, study/work stress, ADHD, relationship issues or learning how to set boundaries, I'm here to support you. I'm especially passionate about supporting neurodivergent women and non-binary folks to create a life and routine that works with their brain rather than against it. Together, we can create practical strategies that make sense for your life. I provide flexible telehealth counselling services (phone or Zoom), offering a safe space to explore what's been on your mind.
Life can be unpredictable, messy and overwhelming at times and we all need help from time to time. Whether you're navigating big life changes, study/work stress, ADHD, relationship issues or learning how to set boundaries, I'm here to support you. I'm especially passionate about supporting neurodivergent women and non-binary folks to create a life and routine that works with their brain rather than against it. Together, we can create practical strategies that make sense for your life. I provide flexible telehealth counselling services (phone or Zoom), offering a safe space to explore what's been on your mind.
(02) 4077 2979 View (02) 4077 2979
Photo of Mimi Bloom, Psychotherapist
Mimi Bloom
Psychotherapist
Serves Area
My unique range of modalities and experience offers targeted and effective treatments for individuals and couples struggling with trauma, PTSD, ADHD, relationship issues and more. Clients come to me feeling stuck, overwhelmed, and disconnected, seeking healing from past experiences. To break free from limiting beliefs, build confidence, and restore emotional balance. They need a compassionate space where they can feel seen, heard, and supported in their journey to self-discovery. Using a holistic approach with EMDR, IFS, and other powerful modalities, I help my clients to move forward toward healing, connection, and growth.
My unique range of modalities and experience offers targeted and effective treatments for individuals and couples struggling with trauma, PTSD, ADHD, relationship issues and more. Clients come to me feeling stuck, overwhelmed, and disconnected, seeking healing from past experiences. To break free from limiting beliefs, build confidence, and restore emotional balance. They need a compassionate space where they can feel seen, heard, and supported in their journey to self-discovery. Using a holistic approach with EMDR, IFS, and other powerful modalities, I help my clients to move forward toward healing, connection, and growth.
(02) 4058 4694 View (02) 4058 4694

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Shelley Puru - Shelley Puru - Harmony Well-being Services, Counsellor, ACA-L3
Shelley Puru - Harmony Well-being Services
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Toronto, NSW 2283
Waitlist for new clients
Specialising in children, youth and individuals who are stressed, anxious and generally overwhelmed with life’s curve balls. Do you have children with behaviours that are challenging, diagnosis’ of ADHD, Autism or similar? Do you have teens that feel like no one understands them? Do you want to create a sense of contentment in your life? To gain some connection within your family, to feel a greater sense of self-worth and self-acceptance? To understand and not vilify the many different parts of who you are? Congratulations on taking the first and often most difficult step in your well-being journey!
Specialising in children, youth and individuals who are stressed, anxious and generally overwhelmed with life’s curve balls. Do you have children with behaviours that are challenging, diagnosis’ of ADHD, Autism or similar? Do you have teens that feel like no one understands them? Do you want to create a sense of contentment in your life? To gain some connection within your family, to feel a greater sense of self-worth and self-acceptance? To understand and not vilify the many different parts of who you are? Congratulations on taking the first and often most difficult step in your well-being journey!
(02) 4005 0240 View (02) 4005 0240
Photo of Tracy Lancaster, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Tracy Lancaster
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Serves Area
I have been working on myself for the past 6 years and healing childhood trauma to make me the best version of myself I can be. Since starting my own private practice to assist women with these issues, I have had the opportunity to work with some amazing women and help them on this journey called life and bring them back to themselves to remember who they are before the world took that away from them. Life throws us curveballs and it is not until we sit back and look do we realise how much it affects our every day life, relationships, work and the list goes on. These deep rooted problems will trigger us before we know why.
I have been working on myself for the past 6 years and healing childhood trauma to make me the best version of myself I can be. Since starting my own private practice to assist women with these issues, I have had the opportunity to work with some amazing women and help them on this journey called life and bring them back to themselves to remember who they are before the world took that away from them. Life throws us curveballs and it is not until we sit back and look do we realise how much it affects our every day life, relationships, work and the list goes on. These deep rooted problems will trigger us before we know why.
(02) 5501 7071 View (02) 5501 7071
Photo of Lisa S - True Being, Counsellor
True Being
Counsellor
Serves Area
Hi, I’m Lisa - my work explores the ways stress and trauma affect the mind-body system. Nervous system dysregulation induced by trauma or accumulative stress often underlies many diagnostic conditions. I aim to help you restore greater regulation while providing a compassionate, attuned relational container for self exploration and growth. During the process I offer a complimentary course of practical tools and mind-body education that support trauma healing, stress management and self-regulation in an embodied and nervous-system informed way.
Hi, I’m Lisa - my work explores the ways stress and trauma affect the mind-body system. Nervous system dysregulation induced by trauma or accumulative stress often underlies many diagnostic conditions. I aim to help you restore greater regulation while providing a compassionate, attuned relational container for self exploration and growth. During the process I offer a complimentary course of practical tools and mind-body education that support trauma healing, stress management and self-regulation in an embodied and nervous-system informed way.
0430 054 086 View 0430 054 086
Photo of Maria Waris Nawaz - JAZE Health, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
JAZE Health
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Online Only
Hi I am Maria Waris Nawaz, My ideal client is someone navigating emotional overwhelm, anxiety, relationship difficulties, or identity confusion. They may feel stuck in unhelpful patterns, burnt out from caregiving, or unsettled after a major life transition. What they truly want is relief, clarity, and confidence to move forward. They seek a safe space to unpack their emotions, understand their inner world, and create meaningful change. They’re not looking for quick fixes they want deep, lasting shifts in how they live and connect with others.
Hi I am Maria Waris Nawaz, My ideal client is someone navigating emotional overwhelm, anxiety, relationship difficulties, or identity confusion. They may feel stuck in unhelpful patterns, burnt out from caregiving, or unsettled after a major life transition. What they truly want is relief, clarity, and confidence to move forward. They seek a safe space to unpack their emotions, understand their inner world, and create meaningful change. They’re not looking for quick fixes they want deep, lasting shifts in how they live and connect with others.
(02) 9538 7172 View (02) 9538 7172
Photo of Nicole Brown - LifeSense Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
LifeSense Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Argenton, NSW 2284
Nicole is a Senior Clinical Psychologist with more than 20 years of experience providing psychological services across a broad range of settings. Nicole was born and raised in the Lake Macquarie area but spent her early career in remote country NSW before returning to the Hunter. Her down to earth, warm and relatable nature has helped her provide psychological care to everyday people from many walks of life.
Nicole is a Senior Clinical Psychologist with more than 20 years of experience providing psychological services across a broad range of settings. Nicole was born and raised in the Lake Macquarie area but spent her early career in remote country NSW before returning to the Hunter. Her down to earth, warm and relatable nature has helped her provide psychological care to everyday people from many walks of life.
(02) 4012 8465 View (02) 4012 8465
Photo of Jane M. Williams - Blue Leaf Therapy, Social Worker, AASW
Blue Leaf Therapy
Social Worker, AASW
Serves Area
Blue Leaf Therapy (formerly JMW Therapy) provide services for children and adults, but holds expertise in counselling for adolescents & children, parent-child (dyadic) therapy, including Theraplay and family therapy.
Blue Leaf Therapy (formerly JMW Therapy) provide services for children and adults, but holds expertise in counselling for adolescents & children, parent-child (dyadic) therapy, including Theraplay and family therapy.
(02) 4077 2307 View (02) 4077 2307
Photo of Melissa Luttringer - Melissa Therapy , Counsellor, MSc
Melissa Therapy
Counsellor, MSc
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a Relationships Therapist and Sexologist. I am extremely passionate about helping clients have healthier more fulfilling relationships. I work with all types of relationships from monogamy to consensual non monogamy. I also work with mismatched desire, erectile difficulties, painful sex, performance anxiety and out of control sexual behaviors. I am passionate about diversity and equality and aim to walk beside my clients on their journey providing a non-judgmental, supportive and safe environment. I am sex-positive, LGBTIQ, Poly and BDSM friendly.
I am a Relationships Therapist and Sexologist. I am extremely passionate about helping clients have healthier more fulfilling relationships. I work with all types of relationships from monogamy to consensual non monogamy. I also work with mismatched desire, erectile difficulties, painful sex, performance anxiety and out of control sexual behaviors. I am passionate about diversity and equality and aim to walk beside my clients on their journey providing a non-judgmental, supportive and safe environment. I am sex-positive, LGBTIQ, Poly and BDSM friendly.
(02) 9100 0185 View (02) 9100 0185
Photo of Mark Rose, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Mark Rose
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Online Only
You’re worried & overwhelmed that your life is out of control and off track. You’re experiencing dread, agitation, and frustration as a result of living a life that you would not have chosen. If you’re struggling to cope with the world, now might be the time to connect with a psychologist who can help. Let us work together to develop a plan that can reassure you that things can & will change towards living a fulfilled life, more aligned with your values. Continue reading to learn how booking a therapy session today is the best, yet most difficult, decision you will ever make for your current well-being & your future self.
You’re worried & overwhelmed that your life is out of control and off track. You’re experiencing dread, agitation, and frustration as a result of living a life that you would not have chosen. If you’re struggling to cope with the world, now might be the time to connect with a psychologist who can help. Let us work together to develop a plan that can reassure you that things can & will change towards living a fulfilled life, more aligned with your values. Continue reading to learn how booking a therapy session today is the best, yet most difficult, decision you will ever make for your current well-being & your future self.
(02) 4005 0031 View (02) 4005 0031
Photo of Dr Renee Sichter, Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Dr Renee Sichter
Psychologist, PsychD, MAPS
Online Only
NOW accepting NEW clients & HAVE availability! I love working with "everyday" teens to 20s, who are doing it tough and want to change the direction of their life. Maybe you're experiencing anxiety, OCD, stress, and are feeling stuck, hopeless, alone.... Maybe you've had a rough upbringing, made "bad" decisions, use substances and want to stop. Or maybe life is ok but you just want more...
NOW accepting NEW clients & HAVE availability! I love working with "everyday" teens to 20s, who are doing it tough and want to change the direction of their life. Maybe you're experiencing anxiety, OCD, stress, and are feeling stuck, hopeless, alone.... Maybe you've had a rough upbringing, made "bad" decisions, use substances and want to stop. Or maybe life is ok but you just want more...
0468 887 908 View 0468 887 908
Photo of Dr Richard Morrison, Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Dr Richard Morrison
Counsellor, PhD, PACFA
Lambton, NSW 2299
Relational Coaching is my personalised approach to helping people get on with one another and with life. I like coaching as a metaphor because it is positive, outcome orientated and has an everyday feel to it. One way of looking at counselling is to see it as a safe place to say what you need to say, to discover ways of saying what you need to say, to have someone hear (really hear) what you need to say, and to help you say it well!
Relational Coaching is my personalised approach to helping people get on with one another and with life. I like coaching as a metaphor because it is positive, outcome orientated and has an everyday feel to it. One way of looking at counselling is to see it as a safe place to say what you need to say, to discover ways of saying what you need to say, to have someone hear (really hear) what you need to say, and to help you say it well!
(02) 4063 1306 View (02) 4063 1306
Photo of Chris Butler, Social Worker, AMHSW
Chris Butler
Social Worker, AMHSW
Wickham, NSW 2293
Every person's journey is unique, and I like to understand the background and goals of the people I support to ensure we create a personalised plan for them. I am very experienced in supporting adults, and adolescents and I have a strong interest in supporting people navigating anxiety, grief and loss, PTSD, developmental trauma, and the myriad of life's challenges. My approach is twofold: I believe in equipping you with immediate tools to cope with present concerns, while also delving into the roots of these issues – be it past events, deep-seated beliefs, or coping mechanisms – to pave the way for a brighter future.
Every person's journey is unique, and I like to understand the background and goals of the people I support to ensure we create a personalised plan for them. I am very experienced in supporting adults, and adolescents and I have a strong interest in supporting people navigating anxiety, grief and loss, PTSD, developmental trauma, and the myriad of life's challenges. My approach is twofold: I believe in equipping you with immediate tools to cope with present concerns, while also delving into the roots of these issues – be it past events, deep-seated beliefs, or coping mechanisms – to pave the way for a brighter future.
(02) 4071 4541 View (02) 4071 4541
Photo of Kerryn Smith - Kerryn Smith - Life Changes Tamworth Perinatal, Social Worker, AMHSW
Kerryn Smith - Life Changes Tamworth Perinatal
Social Worker, AMHSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Gentle, compassionate support for women & partners navigating fertility issues, loss, pregnancy & birth trauma. Perinatal experiences can bring unexpected worry, doubt & exhaustion. Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, alone, or quietly carrying grief & unanswered questions around your perinatal experience? Are you trying hard to hold everything together & thinking "I can’t keep doing this on my own. I need help"? Do you need somewhere you can catch your breath, feel understood, & get the support you need? At your pace? I’ve been there, feeling the weight. I get it. I want you to know that you don't have to do this alone.
Gentle, compassionate support for women & partners navigating fertility issues, loss, pregnancy & birth trauma. Perinatal experiences can bring unexpected worry, doubt & exhaustion. Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, alone, or quietly carrying grief & unanswered questions around your perinatal experience? Are you trying hard to hold everything together & thinking "I can’t keep doing this on my own. I need help"? Do you need somewhere you can catch your breath, feel understood, & get the support you need? At your pace? I’ve been there, feeling the weight. I get it. I want you to know that you don't have to do this alone.
(02) 5748 4723 View (02) 5748 4723
Photo of Sharon Selby, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Sharon Selby
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Kanwal, NSW 2259
Inner Peace Counselling Services provides a service to anyone who may be needing a little extra support facing issues such as domestic violence, mental health, grief & loss. I offer a mature & compassionate approach and am dedicated to improving the well-being and daily outcomes of those impacted by such distressing issues. Inner Peace Counselling Services is an 'NDIS' approved provider. All services are available in clinic face to face, via zoom or phone. 'NDIS' services can also be provided at nursing homes and in care homes via appointment only.
Inner Peace Counselling Services provides a service to anyone who may be needing a little extra support facing issues such as domestic violence, mental health, grief & loss. I offer a mature & compassionate approach and am dedicated to improving the well-being and daily outcomes of those impacted by such distressing issues. Inner Peace Counselling Services is an 'NDIS' approved provider. All services are available in clinic face to face, via zoom or phone. 'NDIS' services can also be provided at nursing homes and in care homes via appointment only.
(02) 4307 5073 View (02) 4307 5073
Photo of Gerard Ogle, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Gerard Ogle
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Tenambit, NSW 2323
Gerard engages with clients in a warm and compassionate, person-centred therapeutic manner.His approach and experience is the bedrock for creating a safe and non-judgmental therapy space for clients from age 10 years old and upwards. Often Gerard's clients present with struggles such as overwhelming levels of stress, relationship challenges, elevated anxiety, depression and self-doubt. These clients generally come to work with Gerard to develop improved coping skills with the view to forging lives that are more manageable and enjoyable, despite the inevitable challenges that life presents.
Gerard engages with clients in a warm and compassionate, person-centred therapeutic manner.His approach and experience is the bedrock for creating a safe and non-judgmental therapy space for clients from age 10 years old and upwards. Often Gerard's clients present with struggles such as overwhelming levels of stress, relationship challenges, elevated anxiety, depression and self-doubt. These clients generally come to work with Gerard to develop improved coping skills with the view to forging lives that are more manageable and enjoyable, despite the inevitable challenges that life presents.
(02) 4005 2921 View (02) 4005 2921
Photo of Joanna Luke, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Joanna Luke
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Many of us were raised with the notion that experiencing psychological, emotional or relationship difficulties meant that we were somehow broken; or that seeking help is a sign of weakness. I don’t subscribe to this belief. Reaching out is brave, and I am yet to talk to a person that hasn’t had their share of personal challenges. You are not broken, you are human; and therapy is not about fixing, it’s about healing.
Many of us were raised with the notion that experiencing psychological, emotional or relationship difficulties meant that we were somehow broken; or that seeking help is a sign of weakness. I don’t subscribe to this belief. Reaching out is brave, and I am yet to talk to a person that hasn’t had their share of personal challenges. You are not broken, you are human; and therapy is not about fixing, it’s about healing.
(02) 9100 0704 View (02) 9100 0704
Photo of Kristy Singh, Counsellor
Kristy Singh
Counsellor
1 Endorsed
Blacksmiths, NSW 2281
Would you like to grow in confidence and skill to deepen your connection to your self and the ones you love? Do you want to improve your relationships and wellbeing? If you could benefit from discovering how to be kinder to your self, learning skills like boundaries to improve your relationships or understand and heal from the effects of trauma then I might be the person to help you. Sometimes we need a guide to empower us to explore our inner world and discover tools to help us move forward.
Would you like to grow in confidence and skill to deepen your connection to your self and the ones you love? Do you want to improve your relationships and wellbeing? If you could benefit from discovering how to be kinder to your self, learning skills like boundaries to improve your relationships or understand and heal from the effects of trauma then I might be the person to help you. Sometimes we need a guide to empower us to explore our inner world and discover tools to help us move forward.
(02) 4075 9893 View (02) 4075 9893
Photo of Michelle Sauer - Sandy Toes Holistic Health , Counsellor, ACA-L2
Sandy Toes Holistic Health
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Blacksmiths, NSW 2281
Looking after our health and wellbeing is one of the most valuable things we can do in our life. At times this can be really challenging when we are facing hard situations personally or helping others as a parent/ carer/ friend/ partner or family member. My passion for more than 25years in health is to support a healing and restorative wellness that can be a foundational strength while navigating life’s journey.
Looking after our health and wellbeing is one of the most valuable things we can do in our life. At times this can be really challenging when we are facing hard situations personally or helping others as a parent/ carer/ friend/ partner or family member. My passion for more than 25years in health is to support a healing and restorative wellness that can be a foundational strength while navigating life’s journey.
(02) 4005 0042 View (02) 4005 0042
Photo of Melanie Cox, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Melanie Cox
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Adamstown, NSW 2289
Throughout my career, I have had the privilege of walking alongside individuals as they navigate challenges like addiction, domestic violence, personality disorders, and acute mental health struggles. I am deeply committed to creating a safe, trauma-informed, and non-judgmental space where people feel heard, valued, and empowered. Therapy should be a place of trust and connection, free from stigma or shame. No matter where someone is in their journey, my goal is to support them in finding hope, clarity, and the tools they need to move forward with confidence and self-compassion.
Throughout my career, I have had the privilege of walking alongside individuals as they navigate challenges like addiction, domestic violence, personality disorders, and acute mental health struggles. I am deeply committed to creating a safe, trauma-informed, and non-judgmental space where people feel heard, valued, and empowered. Therapy should be a place of trust and connection, free from stigma or shame. No matter where someone is in their journey, my goal is to support them in finding hope, clarity, and the tools they need to move forward with confidence and self-compassion.
(02) 4075 7106 View (02) 4075 7106

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bar Beach, NSW

< 10

Therapists in Bar Beach, NSW who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% ADHD
100% Domestic Abuse
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

8 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Therapists in Bar Beach, NSW see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bar Beach?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.