Counselling in Austinmer, NSW

Photo of Susan Jane Milne - Sue Milne Psychology, Psychologist, MAPS
Sue Milne Psychology
Psychologist, MAPS
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Sue is a Registered Psychologist and an Australian Psychology Board Supervisor. She has 20 years experience in the provision of psychological services to adults, providing assessments and counselling for individuals; workplace mediation and training; supervision of psychologists in training and management of psychology teams. She delights in working with clients using a broad range of interventions and a tailored approach that optimises both scientific and relational aspects of psychological practice. Sue partners with clients to discover new opportunities for growth and practical strategies for valued change.
Sue is a Registered Psychologist and an Australian Psychology Board Supervisor. She has 20 years experience in the provision of psychological services to adults, providing assessments and counselling for individuals; workplace mediation and training; supervision of psychologists in training and management of psychology teams. She delights in working with clients using a broad range of interventions and a tailored approach that optimises both scientific and relational aspects of psychological practice. Sue partners with clients to discover new opportunities for growth and practical strategies for valued change.
(02) 4210 5069 View (02) 4210 5069
Photo of Holly Read - HR Counselling , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
HR Counselling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Serves Area
With over two decades of experience, I provide compassionate, client-centered counselling tailored to each individual's unique needs. My approach is trauma-informed, grounded in empathy, active listening, and evidence-based techniques to support personal growth, resilience, and well-being. I specialise in helping individuals aged 14 and above navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress management, self-esteem, and addictive behaviors. Whether you're seeking guidance through a difficult period or looking to deepen self-awareness, I offer a safe and supportive space for exploration and healing.
With over two decades of experience, I provide compassionate, client-centered counselling tailored to each individual's unique needs. My approach is trauma-informed, grounded in empathy, active listening, and evidence-based techniques to support personal growth, resilience, and well-being. I specialise in helping individuals aged 14 and above navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress management, self-esteem, and addictive behaviors. Whether you're seeking guidance through a difficult period or looking to deepen self-awareness, I offer a safe and supportive space for exploration and healing.
(02) 4210 5768 View (02) 4210 5768
Photo of Renee McDonald, Counsellor, PACFA
Renee McDonald
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be complex and uncertain. I can help you with your concerns. You may be feeling unfulfilled or worried about a recent loss or your relationships. I can assist you to walk along side you in your time of sadness, loss, grief, or situations that are holding you back from having a more fulfilling life. Many of my clients say they may have tried other counselling, though it hasn’t worked. I can work with you - no matter where you are at. I help you find hope in your life again.
Life can be complex and uncertain. I can help you with your concerns. You may be feeling unfulfilled or worried about a recent loss or your relationships. I can assist you to walk along side you in your time of sadness, loss, grief, or situations that are holding you back from having a more fulfilling life. Many of my clients say they may have tried other counselling, though it hasn’t worked. I can work with you - no matter where you are at. I help you find hope in your life again.
(02) 6189 2566 View (02) 6189 2566
Photo of Luke Lachlan Terrence Fullagar - Place Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Place Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Luke. I work with adults & late teens to recover from their symptoms & build a life full of meaning, safety, purpose & happiness. I work with a client-focussed & trauma-informed approach that seeks to affirm your inherent strengths & values, & considers you as the authority on your own life. I’m committed to psychological safety & work to maintain an inclusive environment for all identities & cultures. I affirm & validate the unique experiences that every person brings to their therapy & try to build a container of respect & dignity which is a dependable place for healing. I commit to your care for as long at it takes.
Hi, I'm Luke. I work with adults & late teens to recover from their symptoms & build a life full of meaning, safety, purpose & happiness. I work with a client-focussed & trauma-informed approach that seeks to affirm your inherent strengths & values, & considers you as the authority on your own life. I’m committed to psychological safety & work to maintain an inclusive environment for all identities & cultures. I affirm & validate the unique experiences that every person brings to their therapy & try to build a container of respect & dignity which is a dependable place for healing. I commit to your care for as long at it takes.
(02) 4210 5206 View (02) 4210 5206

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Clive Ford - ResolveU, Counsellor, ACA-L2
ResolveU
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Camden, NSW 2570
Your Path to Resolution and Growth in Macarthur and Wollondilly. At Resolve U, we understand that life's challenges can sometimes feel overwhelming. That's why we're here to provide a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for you to explore your concerns and work towards a brighter future. Our counselling services are designed to help individuals, couples, and families navigate life's complexities and achieve their goals. Expect a friendly and approachable counsellor who truly listens, explores your challenges, and provides personalised care and practical strategies tailored to your unique needs.
Your Path to Resolution and Growth in Macarthur and Wollondilly. At Resolve U, we understand that life's challenges can sometimes feel overwhelming. That's why we're here to provide a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for you to explore your concerns and work towards a brighter future. Our counselling services are designed to help individuals, couples, and families navigate life's complexities and achieve their goals. Expect a friendly and approachable counsellor who truly listens, explores your challenges, and provides personalised care and practical strategies tailored to your unique needs.
(02) 4214 8412 View (02) 4214 8412
Photo of Connor Reed, Counsellor
Connor Reed
Counsellor
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Providing therapy that’s a little bit fruity. Hey I'm Connor, a queer trans masc therapist. I use he and they pronouns, with preference switching day-to-day depending on how I feel. I specialise in working with the trans community, emphasising gender affirming care and sexual wellbeing and pleasure while navigating dysphoria.
Providing therapy that’s a little bit fruity. Hey I'm Connor, a queer trans masc therapist. I use he and they pronouns, with preference switching day-to-day depending on how I feel. I specialise in working with the trans community, emphasising gender affirming care and sexual wellbeing and pleasure while navigating dysphoria.
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Photo of Sara Bertolini, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Sara Bertolini
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Summer Hill, NSW 2130
Hello and welcome, I work as a registered Psychologist who specialises in trauma. I work with individuals of adult age. I have expertise in a broad range of issues which are usually a product of trauma they include, addiction, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem/self-worth, stress, relationship difficulties, personality disorders. I adopt a person-centred approach using a range of evidence based therapeutic approaches which include Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), Ego States, Circle of Security, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) Gottman Couple Therapy, Schema Therapy.
Hello and welcome, I work as a registered Psychologist who specialises in trauma. I work with individuals of adult age. I have expertise in a broad range of issues which are usually a product of trauma they include, addiction, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem/self-worth, stress, relationship difficulties, personality disorders. I adopt a person-centred approach using a range of evidence based therapeutic approaches which include Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), Ego States, Circle of Security, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) Gottman Couple Therapy, Schema Therapy.
(02) 8000 1814 View (02) 8000 1814
Photo of Song-Huong Thi Nguyen - Resilient Minds Psychology, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Resilient Minds Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Campbelltown, NSW 2560
We understand the challenges that come with managing mental health, and that's why we are here to offer support. Our Sydney based telehealth psychology practice offers individualised therapy sessions with Registered Psychologists and Clinical Psychologists. Our goal is to provide a safe and confidential space for you to work through life's challenges and find peace of mind. No matter what you're facing, whether it's stress, anxiety, depression, trauma or relationship issues, we're here to listen and help. If you're looking for a convenient and comfortable way to receive therapy, our telehealth services may be the right fit for you.
We understand the challenges that come with managing mental health, and that's why we are here to offer support. Our Sydney based telehealth psychology practice offers individualised therapy sessions with Registered Psychologists and Clinical Psychologists. Our goal is to provide a safe and confidential space for you to work through life's challenges and find peace of mind. No matter what you're facing, whether it's stress, anxiety, depression, trauma or relationship issues, we're here to listen and help. If you're looking for a convenient and comfortable way to receive therapy, our telehealth services may be the right fit for you.
(02) 4214 4790 View (02) 4214 4790
Photo of Salome Emmanuel, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Salome Emmanuel
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Burwood, NSW 2134
Hello! My name is Salome, and I am a registered psychologist, who has a strong desire to help people achieve their mental health goals. Often, our past traumas can have a significant impact on the way we experience the world around us. Without proper support, we may have developed unhealthy coping mechanisms in our search for comfort and peace. These unresolved issues can lead to a range of psycho-social problems, including anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflicts, and negative self-perception. However, facing these complex and overwhelming emotions can be a daunting task to undertake on our own.
Hello! My name is Salome, and I am a registered psychologist, who has a strong desire to help people achieve their mental health goals. Often, our past traumas can have a significant impact on the way we experience the world around us. Without proper support, we may have developed unhealthy coping mechanisms in our search for comfort and peace. These unresolved issues can lead to a range of psycho-social problems, including anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflicts, and negative self-perception. However, facing these complex and overwhelming emotions can be a daunting task to undertake on our own.
(02) 8000 1284 View (02) 8000 1284
Photo of Jade Elizabeth Neal - Well-Being Counselling Services, Counsellor
Hi, my name is Jade! My practice holds strong values around vulnerability, honesty and professionalism in a judgement free environment. I have offices around Sydney and also offer telehealth throughout the week. I am here to listen and guide you through your issues with expert knowledge and understanding around mental health. Reaching out to a therapist can be difficult so feel free to give me a call or email for any questions - I offer a free 15 minute phone call consultation so you can get to know me and see if we connect.
Hi, my name is Jade! My practice holds strong values around vulnerability, honesty and professionalism in a judgement free environment. I have offices around Sydney and also offer telehealth throughout the week. I am here to listen and guide you through your issues with expert knowledge and understanding around mental health. Reaching out to a therapist can be difficult so feel free to give me a call or email for any questions - I offer a free 15 minute phone call consultation so you can get to know me and see if we connect.
(02) 9159 6589 View (02) 9159 6589
Photo of Ange Martinez - Sydney Counselling Space, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
Sydney Counselling Space
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L1
Camperdown, NSW 2050
Hi, I’m Andrea and I support neurodivergent individuals, especially autistic children and adults, to embrace who they are, believe in themselves and find their voice in a world that doesn’t always 'get it'. I’m not here to 'fix' you because there’s nothing broken. Instead, I’ll walk alongside you as you build the tools you need to thrive without exhausting yourself trying to fit into a neuronormative box. I also work with parents of autistic young people. Let’s face it, parenting can feel overwhelming when you’re trying to balance understanding your child’s needs with everything life throws your way.
Hi, I’m Andrea and I support neurodivergent individuals, especially autistic children and adults, to embrace who they are, believe in themselves and find their voice in a world that doesn’t always 'get it'. I’m not here to 'fix' you because there’s nothing broken. Instead, I’ll walk alongside you as you build the tools you need to thrive without exhausting yourself trying to fit into a neuronormative box. I also work with parents of autistic young people. Let’s face it, parenting can feel overwhelming when you’re trying to balance understanding your child’s needs with everything life throws your way.
(02) 9100 0167 View (02) 9100 0167
Photo of Patricia Bakri, Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Patricia Bakri
Counsellor, MA, PACFA
Serves Area
I am a skilled and grounded counsellor of many years’ experience and registered as a clinical counsellor with PACFA, I have extensive experience with supporting children, young adolescents, and adults across a wide range of mental health concerns including anxiety and mood disorders, depression, relationship difficulties, family difficulties, behavioural disorders, grief and loss and work/life stress.
I am a skilled and grounded counsellor of many years’ experience and registered as a clinical counsellor with PACFA, I have extensive experience with supporting children, young adolescents, and adults across a wide range of mental health concerns including anxiety and mood disorders, depression, relationship difficulties, family difficulties, behavioural disorders, grief and loss and work/life stress.
(02) 7804 4691 View (02) 7804 4691
Photo of Donna-Marie Azar, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Donna-Marie Azar
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
La Perouse, NSW 2036
Hello I’m, Donna-Marie Azar. As a therapist, I work with you to help you identify your desires and empower you to make those positive changes in your life. I understand that making the decision to seek help can be difficult and takes courage, so I use an approach that is compassionate, non-judgemental and person centred to help create an environment where you feel safe and supported in your counselling journey.
Hello I’m, Donna-Marie Azar. As a therapist, I work with you to help you identify your desires and empower you to make those positive changes in your life. I understand that making the decision to seek help can be difficult and takes courage, so I use an approach that is compassionate, non-judgemental and person centred to help create an environment where you feel safe and supported in your counselling journey.
0414 693 862 View 0414 693 862
Photo of Sarah Conway, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Sarah Conway
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Wollongong, NSW 2500
I have immediate availability to see children, adolescents and their families. I am also offering autism diagnostic assessments, NDIS assessments and cognitive assessments for children.
I have immediate availability to see children, adolescents and their families. I am also offering autism diagnostic assessments, NDIS assessments and cognitive assessments for children.
(02) 4214 8821 View (02) 4214 8821
Photo of Yasmin Amanakis, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Yasmin Amanakis
Counsellor, ACA-L1
2 Endorsed
Five Dock, NSW 2046
Are you looking for a therapist that is right for you? It can sometimes feel like no one really understands and this can leave you feeling alone. As a therapist I take my time to truly listen and support my clients. I offer a safe space for you to not only open up but also work with you to explore what’s beneath the surface, to help you find deep healing. I work with clients navigating grief, family trauma, anxiety and relationship concerns. These challenges can be painful and unrelenting, so much so that you can’t imagine life without them. Together we will find a way for you to feel different and live the life you want to live.
Are you looking for a therapist that is right for you? It can sometimes feel like no one really understands and this can leave you feeling alone. As a therapist I take my time to truly listen and support my clients. I offer a safe space for you to not only open up but also work with you to explore what’s beneath the surface, to help you find deep healing. I work with clients navigating grief, family trauma, anxiety and relationship concerns. These challenges can be painful and unrelenting, so much so that you can’t imagine life without them. Together we will find a way for you to feel different and live the life you want to live.
(02) 9051 2885 View (02) 9051 2885
Photo of Jasmin Kooverjee - Jasmin Kooverjee-Kathard, Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Jasmin Kooverjee-Kathard
Psychologist, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Bulli, NSW 2516
My ideal client is across the age span who is not defined by their diagnosis or demographic but rather their openness to their therapeutic process. They may struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship issues or even adjustment to injury/diagnosis. What they truly need is a safe space to be seen and understood, Their goals begin with symptom relief but evolve into deeper self-understanding, emotional resilience and authentic living. They seek meaning, healthier relationships and self-compassion. Ultimately, they want to reconnect with themselves & live a life aligned with their true values
My ideal client is across the age span who is not defined by their diagnosis or demographic but rather their openness to their therapeutic process. They may struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship issues or even adjustment to injury/diagnosis. What they truly need is a safe space to be seen and understood, Their goals begin with symptom relief but evolve into deeper self-understanding, emotional resilience and authentic living. They seek meaning, healthier relationships and self-compassion. Ultimately, they want to reconnect with themselves & live a life aligned with their true values
(02) 4210 5247 View (02) 4210 5247
Photo of Dr Gaye Cameron, Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Dr Gaye Cameron
Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Gymea, NSW 2227
Dr Gaye Cameron - Sydney NSW. Professionally Registered Psychotherapist & Accredited Social Worker, offering professional services to busy people. Gaye's career spans over 30+ years, including Government & Private Enterprise, she possesses both Graduate & Post Graduate Degrees including Psychological Science, Counselling & Social Work, as well as Master Business Administration. Gaye understands that people may be experiencing difficulties in life for varying reasons, and taking the time to talk to a professional can help you resolve and put at ease your concerns.  Reach out today, the phone call is the start to getting support now.
Dr Gaye Cameron - Sydney NSW. Professionally Registered Psychotherapist & Accredited Social Worker, offering professional services to busy people. Gaye's career spans over 30+ years, including Government & Private Enterprise, she possesses both Graduate & Post Graduate Degrees including Psychological Science, Counselling & Social Work, as well as Master Business Administration. Gaye understands that people may be experiencing difficulties in life for varying reasons, and taking the time to talk to a professional can help you resolve and put at ease your concerns.  Reach out today, the phone call is the start to getting support now.
(02) 8074 1636 View (02) 8074 1636
Photo of Kyla Edinburg, Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Kyla Edinburg
Psychologist, MA, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
I like to work with all types of people and all types of difficulties. I offer an opportunity to explore your life and yourself and for you gain insight into your behaviour in a non-judgmental and safe space. I am comfortable with short-term or long term therapy. See more at www.kylaclinicalpsychologist.com
I like to work with all types of people and all types of difficulties. I offer an opportunity to explore your life and yourself and for you gain insight into your behaviour in a non-judgmental and safe space. I am comfortable with short-term or long term therapy. See more at www.kylaclinicalpsychologist.com
(02) 9100 0409 View (02) 9100 0409
Photo of Catie Hunt - educate-U Catie Hunt, Counsellor, ACA-L1
educate-U Catie Hunt
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Online Only
I have 12 years of experience in business administration and, more recently, four years as a special-needs teacher’s aide. I have worked in both public and private sector schools, tending to the needs of children and their families in both learning and school counselling. My passion lies in pastoral care, and in recent years I have undergone formal training in counselling for both Christian and non-Christian clients.
I have 12 years of experience in business administration and, more recently, four years as a special-needs teacher’s aide. I have worked in both public and private sector schools, tending to the needs of children and their families in both learning and school counselling. My passion lies in pastoral care, and in recent years I have undergone formal training in counselling for both Christian and non-Christian clients.
(02) 4214 4403 View (02) 4214 4403
Photo of Maya Bazouni, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Maya Bazouni
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Burwood, NSW 2134
My clients needs are paramount, where I emphasise a therapeutic relationship that is supportive, while adhering to evidence based treatment modalities for depression anxiety, trauma, workplace injury, neurodiversity, and motor vehicle accidents. I work with individuals from all cultures, background and identity. I am an approved SIRA and Work and Development Order Sponsor, as well as offer assistance with NDIS assessment and support services. My services include, assessment, diagnosis, treatment and referral to other services as needed.
My clients needs are paramount, where I emphasise a therapeutic relationship that is supportive, while adhering to evidence based treatment modalities for depression anxiety, trauma, workplace injury, neurodiversity, and motor vehicle accidents. I work with individuals from all cultures, background and identity. I am an approved SIRA and Work and Development Order Sponsor, as well as offer assistance with NDIS assessment and support services. My services include, assessment, diagnosis, treatment and referral to other services as needed.
(02) 7804 4006 View (02) 7804 4006

See more therapy options for Austinmer

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Austinmer, NSW

< 10

Counsellors in Austinmer, NSW who prioritize treating:

75% Anxiety
75% Men's Issues
50% Depression
50% Bereavement
50% Trauma and PTSD
50% Self Esteem
50% Stress

Average years in practice

22 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Medibank Private
67% Other
67% Bupa

How Counsellors in Austinmer, NSW see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Austinmer?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.